00:00You are on the pont of the ship when a black and gray mass appears to the horizon.
00:06In a manner of a nightmare or a horror movie, a strange brume approche slowly from the building.
00:12It seems without fin, impossible to distinguish where it starts and ends.
00:16In a rien of time, the ship is minuscule, perdu in a mer of glass.
00:20It is then that you understand, it is not the brouillard, but an iceberg,
00:24and your ship is on the point of knowing the same sort that the Titanic.
00:28This kind of scene is actually quite plausible,
00:31because the biggest iceberg in the world, called A-23A,
00:35is removed after being left prison for several months of a gigantic ocean turbine.
00:41It is the second time, in a few years only, that this colossus of glass comes to release.
00:46The first comes to 2023.
00:48After being left out on the ground for not less than 37 years,
00:52the iceberg was made to err on the grays of the currents.
00:55It covers an equivalent to three times that of New York.
00:58Its weight is also about 1000 milliards of tons.
01:02This glacier glacier is detached for the first time from the glacier plate of Fischner,
01:06in Antarctica, in 1986.
01:09But instead of deriving, it was immobilized on the high fonds,
01:13at a weak distance from its point of rupture.
01:15It has thus fonded much more slowly than most icebergs.
01:18It is in December 2023 that A-23A is finally released for the good,
01:23entamant a lente derive along the Antarctic.
01:25However, its course has quickly been interrupted.
01:28It is found close to not far from the East,
01:31in the East,
01:32took place in what we call a column of Taylor.
01:35A gigantic tourbillons,
01:37which is formed when the currents currents circulate
01:40around a marine mountain.
01:42At a moment,
01:43the iceberg is turning on himself
01:45at about 15 degrees per day,
01:46in the inverse of the stars of a guard.
01:48But since the 13th of December 2024,
01:51A-23A is able to get out of this column of Taylor,
01:54and move on again.
01:56The scientists observe attentively his journey,
01:59curious to know if he will take the same trajectory
02:02as other icebergs,
02:03or if he will follow an inevitable route.
02:05The icebergs,
02:06as gigantic as the A-23A,
02:08liberate nutrients in the environmental water
02:11when they are sinking.
02:12This phenomenon can actually create
02:14some living areas in the ocean,
02:16usually deserts.
02:17However,
02:18there is still a lot to understand
02:20how the characteristics such as the size,
02:23the form,
02:24or the origin of an iceberg,
02:25influence this process.
02:26To learn more,
02:28the researchers have begun to collect
02:30some of the particles of water
02:31that A-23A is susceptible to traverse.
02:34And they will continue to
02:36in the prelever all along their derives,
02:38hoping that this will allow us
02:40to better understand the impact
02:41of the icebergs massifs
02:42on the marine ecosystems
02:44around.
02:45In fact,
02:46the glacier to which our Colosse
02:48belonged would be
02:49an old man,
02:50literally millenniaire.
02:52In Antarctica,
02:53the most ancient glace
02:55could date of
02:56about a million years ago.
02:57In Groenland,
02:58she reached more
02:59than 100.000 years ago.
03:00While in Alaska,
03:01the most ancient glace
03:03never recovered
03:04discovered in a basin
03:06between the Mont Bonnat
03:07and the Mont Churchill
03:08has about 30.000 years ago.
03:10A bambin
03:11next to the others.
03:12In a typical glacier
03:13of Alaska,
03:14in a typical valley
03:15of Alaska,
03:16it takes about 100 years
03:17for the recently formed
03:18across the entire glacier.
03:20The glacier
03:21of Bering,
03:22the most vast
03:23of this state,
03:24with its 225 kilometers
03:25of long,
03:26its glace
03:27has been able to traverse
03:28in less than 400 years.
03:29This shows
03:30the constant movement
03:31of a glacier
03:32of such an ample amount.
03:33Now,
03:34the Alley des Icebergs,
03:35a tronçon
03:36of the Atlantic Ocean
03:37which relie the Arctic
03:38to Terre-Neuve.
03:39If you dream
03:40of seeing a multitude
03:41of icebergs,
03:42it is there
03:43to make sure
03:44many blocks of glass
03:45traverse this region,
03:47most from the Groenland.
03:49In winter and summer,
03:51large fragments
03:52of glaciers
03:53get out
03:54by the currents north-sud
03:55across the Baie
03:56of Baffin
03:57to reach the Mer
03:58of the Labrador
03:59where they end up
04:00from.
04:01Some also come from
04:02from the Canadian coast
04:03to Davis
04:04to arrive
04:05towards the Mer
04:06of the Labrador
04:07and along the coast
04:08east and west
04:09of Terre-Neuve.
04:10These large blocks
04:11of glass are also
04:12very old,
04:13from around 10,000 years.
04:15Each year,
04:16between 400 and 800
04:17icebergs
04:18of average
04:19across the Alley
04:20of the Icebergs.
04:21The speed of their
04:22derives depends
04:23of their volume,
04:24their shape,
04:25currents,
04:26waves and the wind.
04:27But the average
04:28is less than 600
04:29meters per hour.
04:30There are six types
04:31of icebergs
04:32traversing the Alley.
04:33The icebergs
04:34tabulaires
04:35are large
04:36large than large
04:37than large.
04:38The icebergs
04:39trapus
04:40have abrupt
04:41and angles
04:42similar to
04:43pyramids
04:44tronqués.
04:45The icebergs
04:46biseautés
04:47have a
04:48wide
04:49and a
04:50wide
04:51wide
04:52wide
04:53wide
04:54wide
04:55wide
04:56wide
04:57wide
04:58wide
04:59wide
05:00large
05:01of
05:02the
05:03icebergs
05:04are
05:05very
05:06different.
05:07The
05:08icebergs
05:09are
05:10very
05:11dangerous.
05:12Today,
05:13the satellites
05:14follow the icebergs
05:15have
05:17to avoid
05:18accidents.
05:19But the
05:20most
05:21reduced
05:22is a danger
05:23for the small
05:24embarcations.
05:25In 2018,
05:26an iceberg
05:27has made the
05:28big
05:29icebergs
05:30dominate the
05:31houses
05:32have
05:33turned
05:34the
05:35web.
05:36He is
05:37found
05:38in 100
05:39mètres
05:40of
05:41a
05:42vast
05:43over the
05:44past
05:45to assist
05:46to something
05:47magnificent and
05:48great
05:49tragedy.
05:50His existence
05:51has led to
05:52one of the biggest
05:53catastrophe
05:54of history.
05:55Look,
05:56a huge
05:57block of
05:58ice
05:59is
06:00made
06:01of
06:02the
06:03sea
06:04of
06:05the
06:06icebergs
06:07are
06:08in
06:09the
06:10sea
06:11of
06:12mountain.
06:13Malgré sa taille,
06:14il reste relativement
06:15paisible et s'éloigne
06:16des navires ainsi
06:17que des principales voies
06:18de maritime proches
06:19de son glacier
06:20natal.
06:21Cependant,
06:22il commence à dériver vers
06:23the sud,
06:24bien plus loin que la plupart
06:25des icebergs.
06:26En général,
06:27des blocs comme celui-ci
06:28fondent bien avant de
06:29parvenir dans des eaux
06:30aussi chaudes.
06:31Parmi les
06:3215 000 à 3 000 icebergs
06:34qui se détachent des glaciers
06:35et du Groenland
06:36chaque année,
06:37seuls 1% environ
06:38parviennent jusqu'à
06:39l'Atlantique.
06:40La trajectoire exceptionnelle
06:42de cet iceberg,
06:43qui atteint plus de 8 000 km
06:45au sud du cercle arctique
06:46en avril,
06:47le rend véritablement unique.
06:49Même après plusieurs mois
06:50de fonte,
06:51ce bloc de glace
06:52reste d'une taille
06:53impressionnante.
06:54Il pèse environ
06:551,5 million de tonnes,
06:56soit près de deux fois
06:57le poids du pont du Golden Gate.
06:59Au-dessus de l'eau,
07:00sa partie visible
07:01s'élève à plus de 30 mètres.
07:03Mais,
07:04comme la plupart des icebergs,
07:05la majorité de sa masse,
07:07environ 90%,
07:08demeure sous la surface.
07:11L'histoire de cet iceberg
07:12prend une tournure tragique
07:13le 14 avril 1912,
07:15lorsque,
07:16devinez quoi ?
07:17Et oui,
07:18il croise le paquebot
07:19Titanic.
07:20Le navire se trouve
07:21à environ 600 km
07:22de Terre-Neuve
07:23dans l'Océan Atlantique Nord,
07:24lorsque l'iceberg
07:25semble surgir de nulle part.
07:27L'équipage ne le repère
07:28que quelques minutes
07:29avant la collision.
07:30Pourquoi ne l'ont-ils
07:32pas vu plus tôt ?
07:33Une excellente question.
07:35La plupart des gens
07:36imaginent les icebergs
07:37comme de grands blocs
07:38de glace d'un blanc
07:39éclatant,
07:40souvent recouverts de neige.
07:41Pourtant,
07:42en réalité,
07:43les icebergs existent
07:44sous une multitude
07:45de couleurs.
07:46Certains présentent
07:47des rayures,
07:48des motifs,
07:49ou même des tourbillons
07:50semblables à des bonbons.
07:51Et il est même possible
07:52qu'ils soient noirs.
07:53Un iceberg peut devenir noir
07:56de deux manières.
07:57Lorsque la glace
07:58est extrêmement pure,
07:59sans bulles ni fissures,
08:00elle absorbe toute la lumière
08:02au lieu de la renvoyer,
08:03ce qui lui donne
08:04une apparence sombre.
08:05Une autre possibilité
08:06est qu'une éruption volcanique
08:08recouvre un glacier de cendres.
08:10Si un morceau de ce glacier
08:11se détache,
08:12il peut revêtir
08:13une teinte noire.
08:14Les chercheurs
08:15ne sont toujours pas certains
08:16de la raison pour laquelle
08:17l'iceberg du Titanic
08:18semblait sombre.
08:19Ou même si c'était
08:20réellement le cas.
08:21Cependant,
08:23la vigie a affirmé
08:24qu'il paraissait noir.
08:25Un autre matelot
08:26l'a décrit
08:27comme gris,
08:28ou gris foncé.
08:29Une hypothèse suggère
08:30que ce bloc
08:31ait pu être
08:32un iceberg noir,
08:33formé lorsque
08:34la partie supérieure fond,
08:35ce qui entraîne
08:36un basculement
08:37de l'iceberg.
08:38Si la partie inférieure
08:39est suffisamment lisse
08:40pour absorber la lumière,
08:41il apparaît
08:42alors sombre.
08:43Cependant,
08:44même si l'iceberg
08:45n'était pas véritablement noir,
08:46la nuit a certainement
08:47dû compliquer sa détection.
08:49Les icebergs
08:50réfléchissent peu
08:51la lumière,
08:52notamment lorsqu'ils sont
08:53irréguliers
08:54ou verticaux.
08:55Ils se fondent alors
08:56dans l'océan sombre
08:57et scintillant.
08:58Sans radar,
08:59il est extrêmement difficile
09:00de repérer
09:01un iceberg la nuit,
09:02ce qui explique
09:03probablement
09:04pourquoi l'équipage
09:05du Titanic
09:06ne l'a pas aperçu
09:07de la nuit.
09:08Il n'y a pas d'eau.
09:09Il n'y a pas d'eau.
09:10Il n'y a pas d'eau.
