- 5 months ago
- #bolivia
- #brics
- #latinoamerica
SHOCKING Bolivia Election Results Send Shockwaves Through BRICS Alliance! Latin America at Political Crossroads After MAS Collapse.
Bolivia's stunning election results have created seismic Shockwaves across Latin America and the BRICS alliance. The Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) party suffered a catastrophic collapse, plummeting from 20 years of dominance to just 3% support. This Bolivia election 2025 marks a dramatic political crisis as right-wing candidates now dominate the runoff, threatening to reverse decades of resource nationalization and end Bolivia's strategic partnerships with China and Russia.
Join Think BRICS host and Bolivian journalist Oliver Vargas as he unpacks how internal MAS divisions, economic instability, and indigenous movements' boycotts led to this geopolitical shift. Discover how US influence may reshape Bolivia's foreign policy, potentially forcing an exit from BRICS and abandoning China's Belt and Road lithium industrialization projects. Bolivia politics now faces privatization pressures similar to Argentina's Milei approach.
This Bolivia overview explores impacts on Mercosur integration, nuclear medicine cooperation with Russia, and the future of Bolivia parliament representation. Will social protests destabilize the incoming right-wing government? How will this Bolivian election affect the broader BRICS alliance strategy in Latin America?
This analysis doesn't examine detailed electoral statistics, specific candidate campaign strategies, or Bolivia's complete historical political timeline. We don't discuss other Latin American countries' current election cycles, detailed economic data beyond lithium resources, or comprehensive Mercosur trade agreements. The video doesn't cover Bolivia's complete indigenous cultural dynamics, specific Belt and Road project timelines, or detailed comparisons with other BRICS member transitions. International law aspects of resource contracts and detailed geopolitical theories about US-China competition in Latin America aren't explored in depth.
#bolivia #brics #latinoamerica
Read our article on Substack: https://thinkbrics.substack.com/p/bolivias-right-turn-a-seismic-shift
00:00 - Bolivia's elections mark a drastic political shift away from leftist dominance.
03:26 - Bolivia's political landscape shifts as indigenous movements clash with urban factions.
06:26 - Bolivia's political crisis reveals fragmentation and uncertainty in party dynamics.
09:27 - Bolivia faces a potential crisis in governance and foreign policy shifts post-election.
12:06 - Bolivia faces potential cooling ties with BRICS amid U.S. influence.
15:12 - Bolivia's lithium strategy faces challenges amid geopolitical tensions.
17:43 - Bolivia's political instability may lead to a shift away from BRICS influence.
19:54 - Bolivia's political changes transformed its economy and social structure over two decades.
22:20 - Bolivia's political landscape shifts as demographics and class dynamics change voter identities.
Bolivia's stunning election results have created seismic Shockwaves across Latin America and the BRICS alliance. The Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) party suffered a catastrophic collapse, plummeting from 20 years of dominance to just 3% support. This Bolivia election 2025 marks a dramatic political crisis as right-wing candidates now dominate the runoff, threatening to reverse decades of resource nationalization and end Bolivia's strategic partnerships with China and Russia.
Join Think BRICS host and Bolivian journalist Oliver Vargas as he unpacks how internal MAS divisions, economic instability, and indigenous movements' boycotts led to this geopolitical shift. Discover how US influence may reshape Bolivia's foreign policy, potentially forcing an exit from BRICS and abandoning China's Belt and Road lithium industrialization projects. Bolivia politics now faces privatization pressures similar to Argentina's Milei approach.
This Bolivia overview explores impacts on Mercosur integration, nuclear medicine cooperation with Russia, and the future of Bolivia parliament representation. Will social protests destabilize the incoming right-wing government? How will this Bolivian election affect the broader BRICS alliance strategy in Latin America?
This analysis doesn't examine detailed electoral statistics, specific candidate campaign strategies, or Bolivia's complete historical political timeline. We don't discuss other Latin American countries' current election cycles, detailed economic data beyond lithium resources, or comprehensive Mercosur trade agreements. The video doesn't cover Bolivia's complete indigenous cultural dynamics, specific Belt and Road project timelines, or detailed comparisons with other BRICS member transitions. International law aspects of resource contracts and detailed geopolitical theories about US-China competition in Latin America aren't explored in depth.
#bolivia #brics #latinoamerica
Read our article on Substack: https://thinkbrics.substack.com/p/bolivias-right-turn-a-seismic-shift
00:00 - Bolivia's elections mark a drastic political shift away from leftist dominance.
03:26 - Bolivia's political landscape shifts as indigenous movements clash with urban factions.
06:26 - Bolivia's political crisis reveals fragmentation and uncertainty in party dynamics.
09:27 - Bolivia faces a potential crisis in governance and foreign policy shifts post-election.
12:06 - Bolivia faces potential cooling ties with BRICS amid U.S. influence.
15:12 - Bolivia's lithium strategy faces challenges amid geopolitical tensions.
17:43 - Bolivia's political instability may lead to a shift away from BRICS influence.
19:54 - Bolivia's political changes transformed its economy and social structure over two decades.
22:20 - Bolivia's political landscape shifts as demographics and class dynamics change voter identities.
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NewsTranscript
00:00Dear friends, today on Think Bricks we are joined by Bolivian journalist Oliver Vargas,
00:06co-founder of Causacho News and an expert on Latin American politics to unpack the stunning
00:14shift in Bolivia's recent elections and its far-reaching impact on the future of Bricks
00:20and Latin America's geopolitical landscape. Hello, Oli. Hello, thank you very much for having me on.
00:28Thank you for coming. It's great to have you here, especially from Bolivia, which has been
00:35Bricks' partner since January. Well, let's start an explanation of the current event so our audience
00:43understands what's happening in Bolivia. Could you please describe the political and social dynamics
00:52that led to their recent surprising election results in Bolivia?
00:58Yeah, Bolivia just had elections this past Sunday and after 20 years of the main party of the left,
01:09which is called the movement towards socialism, winning every election since 2005, for the first
01:14time they have lost an election. In fact, not only lost it, but been entirely wiped out, reduced to 3%.
01:23And now Bolivia will have a second round of voting between two conservative right-wing candidates
01:31who will undoubtedly undo many of the big structural changes that Bolivia has seen over the last 20
01:40years, both domestically and in its foreign policy. Although it is surprising to see the figures of
01:53the scale of the collapse of the ruling party, in reality it was something that has been brewing for
02:01for at least three or four years due to the internal splits within the ruling party. There's currently
02:08now split three different ways, at least three different ways. And it was that climb of internal
02:16splits that's created a state of chaos within Bolivian politics and which has in turn contributed
02:25massively to economic problems in the country. And there's those economic problems really that
02:32turned a lot of voters away from the ruling party. And now we see the result that we've seen
02:40for the first time, the movement towards socialism party, which was hegemonic for over 20 years,
02:46is now does no longer have even any representation in Congress. And we will see a sharp shift now in
02:56Bolivian politics.
03:00Thanks. Can we define the rural and indigenous boycott movement choice as a political suicide?
03:09Yeah, so as I mentioned just a moment ago, the ruling party, the movement towards socialism,
03:16that was essentially a coalition for many years, a coalition between rural indigenous movements along
03:26with workers unions, along with some sections of what I would call the progressive middle class,
03:31a kind of a coalition, a broad front coalition, but fundamentally led by the rural indigenous
03:39movements and which in Bolivia, which is the largest indigenous population of any country in Latin America,
03:47they were incredibly powerful force. And they were especially felt very represented by
03:54the ex-president Evo Morales, who governed for 14 years and was the president of the party up until
04:03two years ago. What happens in 2020 is Evo Morales is no longer president and a successor takes over,
04:16the current president Luis Arce, and there begins to be a factional clash between those who support Evo
04:24Morales and those who support Luis Arce. And those around the current president Luis Arce are the more
04:29sort of middle class, urban middle class faction within that party. And those around Evo Morales are
04:36more the rural indigenous voters. Now, during the course of this faction fight, President Luis Arce decides
04:45that it will be settled through banning Evo Morales, expelling Morales from the party, banning him from
04:50standing. And over the past few years, there have been a number of social conflicts around that,
04:57and in which the government has also used the state as well to, you know, to bring an end to
05:05those
05:06protests. And many of those indigenous movements see the government as having repressed those protests.
05:12So, in light of that, in light of that split, many of those voters no longer felt represented by the
05:20movement or socialism party. And there begins to be a split from them. And they felt that they were
05:26represented in the election, that they didn't have a candidate that represented them in the election.
05:30They decided to not vote. They decided to spoil their ballots. And in the rural areas, that one with the
05:37landslide, you know, 80 to 90 percent in the cities, much less. So, is that political suicide? Depends,
05:48you know, I'm sure everyone would have an opinion on it. I think a principle of electoral politics
05:53would be that no one, political parties aren't owed votes by any constituency. No one owes you their
06:03vote. Parties should win votes rather than demand votes. And when a party is not able to attract votes,
06:12it's the responsibility of the party, not of the voters who stand away from them.
06:20Of course. We are not talking about political suicide, but it's a deep crisis.
06:25Yes, exactly. And an institutional crisis, which I think began at the top, among the
06:32higher echelons of political power, and not from the bases, the social movements that the party used to
06:40represent. But yeah, this is it is a process of fragmentation, political fragmentation that we
06:48see actually all across Latin America. You know, stoked by by media wars, stoked by external factors as well.
06:59But this process of of this unity within a lot of the parties, parties of the left in Latin America
07:08America has massively weakened them in almost every country, actually.
07:13What do you think are the immediate political and social consequences of the rise of right-wing
07:20candidates in Bolivia? Well, I think we should be clear that there hasn't been a massive shift to the
07:30right within the Bolivian electorate. In the last election, example, the main right-wing candidate,
07:39Carlos Mesa, received 25 percent of the vote. And now the right-wing candidate who came in first place,
07:46called Rodrigo Paz, got around 31 percent. So we don't see a huge, we don't see a landslide
07:53for any right-wing candidate. What we've seen is a failure of the ruling party and the opposition,
08:01right-wing opposition, kind of winning by default and filling the political void. But not
08:06without the enthusiasm and momentum that the previous governments have had. But the consequences
08:14will be very clear. There are two candidates who will be going into this,
08:18uh, into the runoff. Both are standing on, um, policies really similar to, to, to what people
08:26may recognize as having been promoted by Javier Milen, Argentina, uh, free market policies, uh,
08:33austerity, social austerity, uh, privatization of, uh, state industries, and in foreign policy, a turn
08:40towards the United States and a turn away from Bolivia's current allies, um, which are countries like
08:47China, Russia, Venezuela, Cuba, uh, and others. Uh, I think those are, those are the things we're
08:53going to see with, with both candidates. Um, and, uh, that will be the immediate consequences.
09:01Whether that, uh, set up and one of them will be president in a few months time, whether whoever
09:08wins that second round runoff will be able to govern for five, 10 years, I think remains to be seen.
09:13I think actually the support there, the stability of that government will be very weak. Um, as I said,
09:19in Bolivians, uh, no candidate got above for around 30% of the vote and the seats in Congress
09:24are distributed according to your presidential vote. So therefore there, there will be a crisis
09:29of governability. They'll have to form coalitions, which can very easily break down, especially in the
09:34face of social protests, which we're definitely going to see as a consequence, um, in the coming months.
09:40Uh, so I think we, we, we should keep an eye on Bolivia. I don't think that this is, uh,
09:46a final defeat
09:47or a final victory for any one party or, or, or side or movement. I see. Thank you. But, uh,
09:55if we are
09:55talking about foreign policy, what changes might be on the cards for Bolivia's foreign policy and the,
10:02the new leadership, especially when it comes to its relationship with BRICS coalition? Do you think, uh,
10:09Bolivia will end up following Argentina's lead? Um, I think it depends which of the two candidates
10:18wins. There are two candidates currently in the runoff. One, as I mentioned, who came in first
10:23place, Rodrigo Paz, who is attempting to, uh, portray himself as a bit as, as more inclusive, um, uh, as
10:32further in the center. And then a more right-wing candidate called Jorge Quiroga, who is actually
10:37an ex president of Bolivia. He came in second place and he will be on the ballot paper for the
10:42second round. He is, um, entirely a product of, of Washington. Um, he has worked in, uh, in the
10:49United States for, for many years since leaving the presidency, uh, years ago. Um, he, his foreign
10:56policies entirely will be entirely written by the U S embassy in, uh, in Bolivia. He's already stated
11:02during the campaign that he plans to, uh, reposition Bolivia, to realign Bolivia with the United States
11:08and Israel. Um, and I think there's no doubt that Bolivia would formally leave BRICS if, if he were the
11:14president. Um, however, with, with the candidates currently in first place, Rodrigo Paz, I've, I don't
11:20believe that Bolivia will formally leave. They will tend to balance their relationships, both, um,
11:27rebuilding the relationship with the United States and realigning towards the United States,
11:31but they will intend to not break the bridges that have been built with, for example, with
11:37China, with Russia and others. But I think we'll see a massive cooling in that relationship. There
11:43will no, those relationships will no longer be strategic relationships. And that will be something
11:48that will come from on orders of the United States. But I think that Rodrigo, Rodrigo Paz,
11:54who will probably win, has shown himself as someone who's trying to try, trying to balance, um, uh, all
12:01sides. Um, of course, in practice, no one can balance or some, or those who've tried to balance
12:07all sides have not ended up doing so. So I think we will see, um, our best, a massive cooling
12:15of
12:15relationships with, uh, BRICS countries, uh, and that was a formal exit, um, uh, uh, from the organization.
12:27Thank you. But, uh, beyond Bolivia's relationship with BRICS, uh, how do you see the recent political
12:36shift affecting its movement in Mercosur, another Latin American regional organization and key
12:44infrastructural projects like the China backed by oceanic corridor?
12:51Well, one, um, thing that I think the United States is very keen on at the moment is, um, trying
13:00to break
13:00down any kind of Latin American integration, um, as well as, of course, breaking down the relationships
13:07that Latin America has with, um, with countries like Russia and China and others. Um, and you know,
13:16in the case of, for example, Brazil moving towards a situation of almost sanctions, um, and I think we
13:22probably will get there, uh, in the coming year at some point. Um, so when we have a government that
13:29responds to the interests of the United States, again, I think Bolivia will, will stop pursuing
13:36the path of integration in things like Mercosur, in things like, uh, you know, these big cross-bored
13:42infrastructure projects that will have cooperation with, uh, with China and others. Um, and, and that'll
13:49be massively detrimental. And I think we, you know, have to remember that there's been, uh, huge benefits
13:54that have brought, come to Bolivia through cooperation with BRICS countries, um,
13:58whether that be through the belt and road initiative funding numerous infrastructure
14:03and electrification projects in Bolivia. Um, or for example, in the, in the case of Russia,
14:09um, massive cooperation on the issue of nuclear science, um, not, not for nuclear weapons,
14:15but for nuclear medicine. So actually Bolivia has a number of nuclear medicine centers to treat cancer
14:21that was, uh, built in cooperation with Rosatom with, uh, with Russia, um, which provides free
14:28treatment to cancer patients in Bolivia for the first time. Before, if you, if you, you know,
14:36getting cancer in Bolivia meant either you have to have lots of money for private treatment, uh,
14:41abroad in other countries such as Brazil or the United States, or you would, um,
14:48almost certainly succumb to the disease if you didn't have the funds to do that. And now many
14:52people have access to that kind of medicine for the first time, thanks to cooperation with Russian
14:57and BRICS countries. So we will see a lot of these projects, I think, begin to wind down, unfortunately.
15:04Um, uh, but, um, you know, the, the, the argument left to be made about the importance of this
15:11corporation and what we'll see if the United States allows the, the, the incoming government
15:17to maintain this corporation. Um, I, I, I strongly suspect that they will not. And actually the strategy,
15:23the strategy of Trump's, um, state department will be to, to, to wind down these relationships,
15:30to force countries to wind down these relationships.
15:34Well, um, there are projects, not only nuclear medicine, but, um, about lithium as well.
15:43That's why I believe it was very interesting for BRICS, like, uh, I, I don't know if it's correct
15:49to say the source of lithium, but it was. Absolutely. Um, lithium, of course,
15:56I believe it has some of the large lithium reserves anywhere in the world. Um,
16:02I, I, I, I failed to mention just now almost through just kind of, um, not, not on purpose,
16:08just because it's kind of fallen out of the public discourse, unfortunately, just that a lack of
16:13progress over the last few years. I think there's been a lot of wrangling, uh, unfortunately over,
16:19um, over contracts, over how, uh, the lithium will be, it would be, it would be industrialized,
16:25which was, has always been the government's plan. Um, there's been a, it's been very slow progress,
16:30which has itself contributed to, I think, to the Bolivia's economic problems, um, which is why
16:35voters have voted the way they have. Um, but the plan for the lithium has always been to industrialize
16:43it within Bolivia in cooperation, uh, with Chinese companies and Russian companies and others.
16:49Um, unfortunately there's been very slow progress on that. And that will mean now that there's
16:55absolutely no doubt, uh, in my mind that whoever wins the next elections, there will be an upending
17:00of those contracts. Those contracts will not be, will not be honored. Um, they will, the plan to
17:05industrialize, to build industrialized plants, to build value added products, you know, batteries,
17:10et cetera, will no longer be the case. They'll, they'll begin to export, um, the lithium as,
17:17as a raw material, um, which of course is, means, means a lower income for the country. Um, and most
17:25likely to, to the United States, um, you know, there's, uh, many interests there that have long, uh,
17:32sought Bolivia's lithium and they're already accessing, for example, Argentina's lithium reserves.
17:37And they'll seek to extend the same for Bolivia, um, building a kind of corridor between Argentina,
17:44Bolivia, Chile, which is entirely dominated by, uh, by Western interests. Um, that will be the plan.
17:50As I said, if they're, whether they're able to develop that plan and implement it and execute it
17:56will depend on how long the government is able to govern. I, I do believe that the government that
18:02is incoming will be very unstable. And Bolivia is a country that has a long history,
18:07of, of uprisings. Um, and, and, you know, I think perhaps we could see any incoming government
18:16not necessarily serve out their full term. So we'll, we'll have to, we'll have to monitor
18:19that situation, but, um, in the, in the short to medium term, we will certainly see an abandonment
18:25of the current plans to industrialize the lithium reserves.
18:29Thank you. Uh, in my opinion, Western led governments in Bolivia will do their best
18:37to push off, to push away, um, BRICS call member states from Bolivia. I mean, China and Russia.
18:46That's for sure. They will do that.
18:50Yes, absolutely. And I think one, one thing I would add though, is, um, simple Javier Milen,
18:57Argentina pledged to do that. He, he claimed that he would actually cut all relations with,
19:02with China and Russia in power. He hasn't actually done that in power. He, he, um, realized the, the,
19:10the, the, the necessity of cooperation with, with many BRICS countries. And he's had to sort of
19:16quietly, um, try to rebuild relationships there, but it has been, um, massively dulled back. And
19:23that's what we'll see. Uh, I believe in Bolivia, particularly if the, the candidate Jorge Quiroga
19:27wins, um, we will see a formal exit from BRICS in the way we've seen with Argentina, but, um, and
19:34we'll
19:34begin to see as well, uh, demonization of China rushing in Bolivian media to sort of prepare the
19:40ground for this. Um, but yeah, I think you're right.
19:46What lessons can be learned from Bolivia's political change regarding the future of BRICS
19:51in Latin America's geopolitical, uh, landscape and what suggestions would you offer to move forward?
19:59Well, I think, um, we shouldn't, uh, focus purely on, on the current moment, you know, Bolivia has had,
20:07uh, this, the, has been in, you know, what's called the, the process of change, uh, which is what the,
20:14the mass party calls, uh, the past 20 years. It's been in this for, you know, for over two decades.
20:21And in that time, particularly during Evo Morales's term in office, Bolivia went from being the
20:27poorest country in South America into its fastest growing economy. And it, and it did that through,
20:32uh, nationalization of natural resources, reinvesting, um, those revenues into, to, to social
20:39development, um, building cooperation with what should be Bolivia's natural allies, uh, both in
20:46the region with countries like Venezuela and Cuba and others, as well as with countries like, uh,
20:51China and Russia. And, you know, it, it was, uh, these are big structural changes that democratize
20:59the country that brought development to the country. Um, and the macro economic indicators,
21:04I think are really important. It shouldn't be forgotten by history. Poverty was cut in half.
21:10Extreme poverty was cut by more than half. Um, you know, whenever Morales came into power in 2005,
21:1667% of the country was live below the UN defined poverty line. By the time he left office in
21:232019,
21:24that was around 30%. Um, so these are things that massively have transformed people's lives,
21:30um, through the policies that I just mentioned, and that shouldn't be something that's forgotten,
21:36um, by history. But then in terms of lessons of how this can come apart, how such a, you know,
21:43important changes can, can, can begin to disintegrate. I think people have to, um, acknowledge
21:49both sort of, you know, external factors and, but also internal factors, the way that, um,
21:57gel sort of jealous factional interests, um, over who gets what portions of the state can sometimes have
22:04massive, uh, consequences for the country. The division, divisions within, uh, parties of government,
22:11um, um, unnecessary divisions over, you know, personal, personal ambitions can sometimes have
22:17gigantic consequences. But also, you know, how, how do, how do parties deal with the changing,
22:25uh, demographics and class compositions within their countries? Because I think one, uh, achievement
22:31of Bolivia, as I said, has been to lift millions of people out of poverty. Many of those people enter
22:37the
22:37middle class and then no longer identify now with governments, uh, of the left or working class
22:43parties. Um, so how do you, how do you deal with that? I don't think there's a, there's an easy
22:48solution, uh, to that. And I think there's, there could probably be many academic conferences held,
22:55uh, to discuss this issue, but these are, these are realities of how the, the, the, the shifts,
23:00the shifts in the structures of society can also have big, uh, consequences at, uh, at election times
23:07over a long period of time. And these are all things we have to standardize. Thank you, Oliver. Um,
23:15under our article on Substack that I invite you all to follow and to read, there is a comment that
23:21I
23:21would like you to, uh, to comment on that the, the comment left by Mr. Paris. Um, I would say
23:30that the
23:31left point about this issue is very problematic in a country like Bolivia. We Bolivians do not have,
23:39not had a real left political option and those governments who call themselves socialists were
23:45a little too much neoliberals. Of course, that the fact of being pushing towards the Briggs side was
23:53important, but the fact is that the politics of Morales and Archer were very much more like those
24:00of Millay in Argentina, a small state at the service of a few. Don't get me wrong. I'm sure things
24:09are going
24:10to be worse with the new administration, but not too much worse. I would, I, I think that's a very,
24:20very poor, um, analysis, uh, in terms of, um, to, to compare the governments of, for example,
24:28ever Morales to Javier Millay, I think is, is, is, it would be very reductive. Um, there is not a
24:34small state in, but ever Morales nationalized the country's principal natural resources, which are the
24:40largest sections of the economy. So that's natural gas, um, most sections of mining, um, as well as
24:50telecommunications, you know, things like airlines and numerous other things. And it turned the state
24:56into the force of the director of the economy. Of course, the private sector still existed. Um,
25:04and we're still very large, but the principal sections of the economy were under public control
25:08and were integrated into a, uh, a national development plan. I think it's certainly true
25:13that the, the, the efficiency of that plan began to wane in the last few years, which is why we've
25:19seen economic difficulties. Um, but it was very successful for, for much longer than, than it, than
25:26it wasn't. Um, and, uh, one would only have to, to, to listen to, to Javier Millay's own, uh, view
25:35on,
25:36on Evo Morales and the Bolivian government to, to, to say that it would be wrong to compare the two.
25:43Um, what we're seeing now in Argentina is a process of privatization of all of those industries that,
25:49um, that Evo Morales, uh, brought into the state sector. We're seeing massive social austerity,
25:56rather than, uh, social programs and development and infrastructure of infrastructure that we saw
26:01on Evo Morales. Um, so of course the, the, the, these are two very different approaches.
26:08There has been criticisms, um, that perhaps, you know, government, Evo Morales or,
26:14or Lisa Assy could have gone a lot further, um, could have done more, uh, should have done, uh,
26:20greater social programs, greater, uh, investment in infrastructure, great, uh, expand the state
26:27sector. And I think those, you know, those are perfectly valid, but, um, what one cannot say is
26:35that they, uh, led a retreat of the state, that they, um, didn't have the state as a motor of
26:41the
26:41economy that objectively they, they did. Oliver, thank you very much. Now we know definitely know, uh,
26:50better the political background of Bolivia. And, um, thank you for coming because it's first time we have
26:56Bolivian journalists here on Think Brics. Thank you for sharing your thoughts on Bolivia's election
27:03and what it means for Brics and Latin America. Um, hope you liked it. And we would love to have
27:11you back
27:12on our channel. And before we wrap up, uh, could you please let our viewers know where they can follow
27:20you and your work to stay updated on Latin American news? No, thank you very much for having me on.
27:27I think it's very important, uh, the work, uh, you guys are doing and exploring these issues, um,
27:34particularly with regards to Brics. Um, I think there's, there's not enough, there's not enough
27:39discussion and analysis. So, um, so yeah, thank you for your work. Um, and yeah, in terms of, uh,
27:47where, where you can, you know, find more, more, more information, um, and discussion about Latin America,
27:52you can follow my own, um, uh, account on Twitter. I'm at Oli, double L IE, Oli Vargas 79. Um,
28:02you can also follow Calcetrian News at Calcetrian News. Um, and yeah, I think hopefully we can,
28:09I think we, uh, all of us, both of us here are shedding a lot of light on things that
28:16need to be
28:16discussed more. So that's, uh, that's very positive. Thank you so much. Dear friends, don't forget to
28:22like, share, and subscribe to Think Brics if you are new here. Thanks for watching.