Le mensonge de la Grande Muraille de Chine

Adrien Bouisset

Tout le monde connaît la Grande Muraille de Chine. Un mur de 21 000 kilomètres, vieux de 2 000 ans, construit pour arrêter les barbares. Sauf que presque tout est faux.  La partie que visitent les touristes n'a pas 2 000 ans, mais 500. Ce n'est pas un mur continu, mais plus de 10 000 tronçons bâtis par une dizaine de dynasties. On ne la voit pas depuis l'espace. Et surtout, elle n'a jamais servi à ce qu'on croit.  Dans cette vidéo, je te raconte à quoi servait vraiment la plus grande construction de l'humanité. Comment elle est tombée sans jamais être percée. Et pourquoi on se trompe dessus depuis trois siècles.  Bon visionnage !  📚 Sources :  Arthur Waldron, The Great Wall of China: From History to Myth, Cambridge University Press, 1990 Owen Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers of China, 1962 Nicola Di Cosmo, Ancient China and its Enemies, Cambridge University Press, 2002 Julia Lovell, The Great Wall: China Against the World, Picador, 2006 Sima Qian, Mémoires historiques (Shiji), trad. Édouard Chavannes Shelach-Lavi et al., « Life along the medieval frontier », Antiquity, 2025 UNESCO — La Grande Muraille, fiche n°438 Administration d'État du patrimoine culturel (Chine), recensement 2012  ➡️ Où me suivre :  Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/adrien.bouisset.54/ TikTok : https://www.tiktok.com/@adrienbouisset Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/adrien.bouisset/  🎧 Les épisodes sont aussi disponibles en podcast Spotify : https://open.spotify.com/show/5B8cDUSvPvFZCMsS9GckC0 Apple Music : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/adrien-bouisset/id1860115385 Deezer : https://link.deezer.com/s/332UKH5ShMh0h3jLQGzXL Amazon Podcast : https://music.amazon.fr/podcasts/7cf6c1f7-33b8-4bf0-9a62-361f2a4ddaf7/adrien-bouisset  ✍🏼 Écriture : Adrien Bouisset  🎬 Montage / Motion design : Nozai   🎵 Musiques : Epidemic Sounds / Envato   🎨 Miniature : Nozai   🤖 Certaines images ont été générées par IA (Nano-Banana)   🖥️ Logiciels utilisés :  -Montage : Adobe Premiere Pro -Infographie : Adobe After Effects  -Mapping : GeoLayers -Retouche photo : Adobe Photoshop  #Histoire #GrandeMuraille #Chine

Transcript

00:00Look at this wall, it's the greatest construction of humankind.

00:04The Great Wall of China.

00:06A 21,000-kilometer wall, 2,000 years old, built to stop the barbarians,

00:11and visible from space.

00:13Except that in what I just said, almost everything is wrong.

00:16This section is not 2000 years old, it is 500 years old.

00:19This wall is riddled with holes, discontinuous, and has collapsed over thousands of kilometers.

00:23From space, no one has seen it with the naked eye.

00:25And most importantly, it was never used for what you think it was.

00:28In this video, I'm going to tell you what humanity's greatest construction was really used for.

00:34how it fell without being pierced, and why it has been haunted for 3 centuries.

00:41Okay, before explaining how the Great Wall of China fell, we need to go back to its creation.

00:45And spoiler alert, it's older than China itself.

00:48Northern China, late 9th century BC.

00:51For decades, warriors from the north have ravaged the borders of China's ancestor, the Zhou dynasty.

00:57They attack in their war chariots, pillage villages, massacre, and disappear immediately.

01:02They are called rodents.

01:04Rodents are constrained by their environment.

01:07If they keep coming, it's because of an invisible line.

01:10This line represents the 400 millimeters of rain per year.

01:13In the south, there is enough rain for farming.

01:15It is the world of fields, granaries and peasants.

01:17In the north, nothing grows.

01:19This is the steppe.

01:20The herds and the riders who follow them.

01:22Rodents need what farmers produce.

01:25Grain, tools, metal.

01:27When the Chinese agree to trade, everything is fine.

01:29When they refuse, they come and help themselves.

01:32The only problem is that there is no natural border between these two worlds.

01:35No river, no mountain, just this invisible barrier of rain.

01:39The Chinese are terrified.

01:41So, King Xi'an of Zhu makes a radical decision.

01:44He sends a general north with a mission,

01:47build a wall to repel these warriors.

01:49This is one of the first walls mentioned in Chinese literature.

01:53She appears in a poem from the classic of poetry.

01:56the oldest collection of verses in the country's history.

01:59And the general's campaign is a triumph.

02:02But a few years later, everything collapsed.

02:04In 771 BC, a Chinese lord, the Marquis of Chen,

02:08rises up in revolt against his king.

02:10And to win, he calls upon allies,

02:12the warriors we thought we had repelled, the gnawed ones.

02:15The Egg walls are useless.

02:17The warriors enter and devastate the capital.

02:19And they kill the king.

02:21A year later, the court abandoned the city and moved the capital eastward.

02:25The very first time the Great Wall of China fell,

02:28It's not because nomads are stronger.

02:30It's because a Chinese man brought them here.

02:32And spoiler alert, more than two millennia later,

02:34The same story will repeat itself exactly.

02:37This catastrophe breaks the power of the Eggs.

02:40Their authority becomes symbolic,

02:41and the states that obey them gain their independence.

02:44China is fragmenting into kingdoms that annex each other.

02:47This is the period of spring and autumn, followed by that of the warring kingdoms.

02:51And all of them, without exception, began to build walls.

02:54First against the warriors from the north, but above all against themselves.

02:57The Great Walls of China are multiplying.

02:59Four centuries later, King Wu Ling of the Zhao kingdom understood something.

03:04Rather than submitting to these northern warriors, he copies them.

03:07He abandoned tanks in favor of light cavalry modeled after them.

03:11A military revolution that gives him an immediate advantage over his rivals.

03:15Wu Ling attacks the northern tribes, annexing their lands,

03:18and built the most advanced wall in the steppe of all the Chinese kingdoms.

03:22And that's the first surprise in this story.

03:25When archaeologists excavate the walls,

03:27They find nomadic objects south of the wall.

03:30In other words, these walls were not built to protect Chinese lands.

03:33They were built to preserve the nomadic lands that had just been conquered.

03:37At that time, the walls were not only used to protect against raiders.

03:41They serve to maintain control of conquered territories.

03:44But also to keep the residents inside.

03:46Because a peasant who leaves for the steppe means a tax that disappears for the kingdoms.

03:51In 221 BC, after two and a half centuries of war,

03:55One kingdom crushes all the others: Qin.

03:58His king then took a title that no one had ever held before.

04:01Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China.

04:04The country has just been born.

04:06And his first major decision concerns the walls.

04:09He destroyed those who divided his empire.

04:11From now on, there are no more borders within.

04:13And he sends 300,000 men north to drive out the nomads settled beyond these borders.

04:19At their head was their best general, Meng Tian.

04:22Meng Tian chases the nomads from the Yellow River bend.

04:25settles 30,000 families of colonists on the conquered lands

04:28and connects the old walls in a single line.

04:30From Lin Tao to Manchuria.

04:32This is the birth of the 10,000-bed wall.

04:35Over 5000 kilometers, but it's not made of bricks.

04:38That wall is made of earth.

04:40Lus, this fine earth from northern China,

04:43packed between two boards, layer after layer.

04:45It's fast, hard as stone, and it erodes.

04:48The construction site is a nightmare.

04:51Mountains, semi-desert, freezing winter.

04:53A statesman recounts that a porter and his animal set off with 176 kilos of provisions.

04:58and only brought back 29 at the finish.

05:00The settlers are deserting, the old and the weak are dying by the roadside.

05:04The people are beginning to rise up.

05:06In 210 BC, the first emperor died.

05:09Meng Tian, caught in a conspiracy, is ordered to commit suicide.

05:13Meng Tian dies and his clan is exterminated.

05:16Then, a few months later, the Qin Empire descended into civil war.

05:20The northern colonies are abandoned

05:21and the nomadic peoples return to settle on the lands that Meng Tian had taken from them.

05:26The wall of the first emperor didn't even last 10 years.

05:29Today, almost nothing remains of it.

05:31Mounds of earth lost in the steppes,

05:33We don't even know its exact route.

05:35Its entire structure is contained in two passages from a single book.

05:39The most famous wall in history is actually a ruin.

05:42And the mood in your photo, that won't exist for another 15 centuries.

05:46His real story begins right after that.

05:49Featuring some of the most famous roads in history,

05:51the Silk Roads.

05:55In 202 BC, a former peasant turned soldier seized power

05:59and founded a new dynasty, the Han.

06:02Facing him were the nomads whom Meng Tian had driven out years earlier.

06:06However, in the meantime, they had united into a formidable empire in what is now Mongolia.

06:10the Xionyous.

06:11The emperor attempts to confront them militarily, but he fails.

06:15So, he does something else.

06:17He buys peace.

06:18Every year, China sends tribes to the Xionyous.

06:21Grain, silk, and imperial princesses married to their leader.

06:25For over 60 years, the largest empire in the East

06:28pays his nomadic neighbors so that they don't attack him.

06:31In court, the humiliation is unbearable.

06:34A statesman of the time summed up the situation in a single sentence.

06:37China is like a person hanging upside down.

06:40And the wall, in all of this, pays, becomes a line on a contract.

06:43In 162 BC, Emperor Wendy engraved the rule.

06:47North of the wall, the authority of the Xiongyu chief.

06:49To the south, that of the emperor.

06:51Inside, the civilized.

06:52Outside, the barbarian.

06:54The wall does not protect China.

06:56He defines it.

06:57Except that the Xiongyu respect nothing.

06:59Their riders cross the line regularly,

07:02sometimes by the thousands.

07:03It wasn't until 133 BC that everything changed.

07:06That year, the Chinese set up a massive ambush to capture Chief Xiongyu.

07:11The operation failed miserably.

07:13But it does have an effect.

07:14The era of submission is over.

07:17The new emperor, Han Wu Di, declares war on them.

07:23And he's not there to joke around at all.

07:25Considered one of the greatest emperors of China,

07:28Han Wu Di crushes the Xiongyu.

07:30And he doesn't just repel the nomads.

07:32He pursues them westward.

07:34In 127 BC, he resumed the loop of the Yellow River.

07:38The lands that Meng Tian had lost nearly a century earlier.

07:42Then the Armenians plunged into an oasis corridor

07:44wedged between the Gobi deserts and the mountains of Tibet.

07:47The Exi corridor.

07:49And behind the armies, the wall extends.

07:52Wu Wei, Zhang Yi, Yu Kan.

07:54A 20-year construction project is extending the wall all the way to the Yumen Pass.

07:57at the edge of the desert.

07:58The westernmost point ever reached by a Chinese wall.

08:02But why go and fortify a desert thousands of kilometers from the capital?

08:07Because this corridor is not just any corridor.

08:09It is the only land crossing between China and the West.

08:12And this is where the Silk Roads pass.

08:15Highly lucrative routes through which goods transit

08:18including silk.

08:19But also techniques, ideas and religions between Asia and Europe.

08:23And the wall acts as a tollbooth.

08:25All merchants wishing to pass through are directed towards controlled gates.

08:29The Chinese decide who gets in, who gets out.

08:31what goods are sold.

08:32And most importantly, they tax.

08:34The wall is not just a barrier.

08:36In short, it's a tollbooth.

08:38The longest customs post in history.

08:40Those who pass through this gate are merchants.

08:42They must show their paperwork and pay a tax to sell their goods.

08:46And to monitor her,

08:48Léane applies a system of formidable efficiency.

08:51A continuous signal network.

08:53Towers are placed within sight of each other.

08:55In the event of an attack,

08:56smoke during the day,

08:57fire at night.

08:58From turn to turn,

08:59the alert jumps from peak to peak

09:01and covers hundreds of kilometers in a few hours.

09:04At one time or another,

09:05but weeks spent traversing the Empire,

09:08the wall acts like a military highway

09:09to bring up the reinforcements.

09:12For the next 8 centuries,

09:13Each dynasty will reclaim the wall.

09:15and enlarge it.

09:16In 555,

09:18A northern dynasty mobilizes 1.8 million men

09:20on a single construction site.

09:22Under the towel,

09:231 million workers

09:24and approximately 500,000 deaths.

09:26Well, legend has it that there were 10 million deaths in total.

09:28and even nicknamed the wall

09:30the longest cemetery in the world.

09:32As you might suspect,

09:32It's unverifiable.

09:33But the sourced figures

09:34They still make you dizzy.

09:36Then in 618,

09:38The Tang dynasty comes to power.

09:40And a gamble,

09:41She abandons the walls.

09:42She invests instead

09:43in a mobile army

09:44and good generals.

09:45A complete change of doctrine.

09:47And it works.

09:48The Tang dynasty crushed the Turks.

09:50and become one of the greatest empires

09:52of Chinese history.

09:53They even annex territories

09:54all the way to Kazakhstan.

09:56For centuries,

09:57China will build virtually

09:58Not a single border wall left.

10:00We had to wait until the 12th century

10:02so that the walls can return.

10:04In the north of the country

10:05The Jin dynasty then reigned.

10:06Threatened by a people

10:07which is gaining power in the steppes,

10:09The Jin family are restarting construction projects.

10:11700 km of outer walls,

10:131000 km of interior walls.

10:15Except that the people in question,

10:16It's the Mongols.

10:18In 1211,

10:19Genghis Khan attacks the Jin Empire.

10:21And he has an answer

10:22unstoppable against their walls.

10:24He goes around them.

10:25At Zhiyong Pass,

10:26considered unsound

10:28his general Jebe

10:28pretends to flee.

10:30The garrison goes out to pursue him

10:32and Jebe passed through the gates

10:33wide open.

10:34In 1215,

10:36Genghis Khan's rampage

10:37the capital of the Jin.

10:38The Mongols are unstoppable.

10:40Conquest is inevitable.

10:42The grandson of Genghis Khan

10:43ascends the throne.

10:44The Yuan dynasty,

10:45Mongols,

10:46then reigned over China.

10:48And when one reigns

10:49on both sides of the wall,

10:50The wall is now useless.

10:52Even Marco Polo

10:53he doesn't even mention it in his story.

10:55While he was 17 years old

10:56in Kublai Khan's China.

10:57Brief,

10:58The walls are gradually falling into disrepair.

11:00But they will be reborn

11:01with a tragic event.

11:06China 1368.

11:07After a century of domination,

11:09The Chinese are driving out the Mongols

11:10and founded the Ming dynasty.

11:12And for 80 years,

11:13They're doing what the Tang family did.

11:15They are attacking.

11:15Until that date

11:17which changes everything.

11:191449.

11:20Emperor Yingzong

11:21part in person

11:22to fight the Mongols

11:23in the steppe

11:23at the head of an army

11:24gigantic.

11:25It's a massacre.

11:27More than half

11:28of the Chinese army

11:28is destroyed

11:29and the emperor himself

11:30is captured.

11:31It's traumatic

11:33for the Chinese.

11:34SO,

11:34they decide to give up

11:35to conquer the steppe.

11:37Instead,

11:37They're going to close it.

11:39The Ming Dynasty

11:40resumes work

11:41on the wall.

11:41And to make it sustainable,

11:43the Ming

11:43change materials.

11:44They use

11:46the brick.

11:46Yes yes,

11:47that's exactly it

11:48that we can see today

11:49on the wall.

11:50Except that this brick,

11:51It costs a fortune.

11:52And what a man

11:53built in one month

11:54of compacted earth

11:55demand now

11:56100 tombs.

11:57SO,

11:57The Ming dynasty will develop

11:58a highly advanced solution.

12:00Mass production.

12:02Two centuries

12:02before the industrial revolution.

12:04Brick kilns

12:05are built

12:06as close as possible to the construction site.

12:07Supply routes

12:08are built.

12:09Professional bricklayers

12:10They come from all empires.

12:12And above all,

12:13quality control.

12:14On the brick,

12:15there are characters

12:16engraved on it.

12:17The place of production,

12:18the date,

12:19the name of the workshop

12:19and sometimes even

12:20the name of the craftsman.

12:22If a brick is defective,

12:23we go back up the chain

12:24and someone pays.

12:26Industrial traceability

12:27in the 16th century,

12:28That's madness.

12:30Even the mortar

12:31is a feat.

12:32Mixed baldness

12:33to about 3% of rigluant.

12:35One of the first materials

12:36composites of history.

12:37And besides,

12:38Another misconception,

12:39No,

12:39there is no human water

12:40inside.

12:41Mortar analysts

12:42have never found any

12:43the slightest trace.

12:44The dead workers

12:45were buried

12:45next to the construction site,

12:47not in the wall.

12:48The construction site then becomes

12:49gigantic.

12:51Between 1544 and 1549,

12:53a man,

12:54Wang Wanda,

12:55built

12:55850 kilometers

12:57of walls

12:57in front of Beijing.

12:58In places,

12:59on two parallel lines,

13:01sometimes even three.

13:0220 years later,

13:031200 brick towers

13:04are built.

13:05In two years,

13:06hollow towers,

13:08habitable,

13:08where the soldiers live

13:09store their food

13:10and last for weeks.

13:11The alert network

13:12is also perfected

13:13with them.

13:14The traffic light code

13:15becomes standardized.

13:16A fire and a cannon shot,

13:17about a hundred enemies

13:18approaching.

13:19Two fires,

13:20500.

13:21Five lights

13:2210,000.

13:22Around 1600,

13:24The result is there.

13:25Approximately 25,000 watchtowers,

13:279 major military commandments,

13:29nearly a million men

13:30are posted

13:30along the border.

13:32And these bricks,

13:32Those are the ones in the photo.

13:34The postcard

13:35of the Great Wall

13:35It's barely 500 years old.

13:37It's younger

13:38than Notre-Dame de Paris.

13:39A toll,

13:40an alert network,

13:42a factory,

13:42a frontier

13:43who closes it

13:44as much as it protects.

13:45After 1800 years

13:46for professional development,

13:47the machine

13:48is finally finished.

13:49And now,

13:50he still has

13:5140 years to live.

13:54In the mid-17th century,

13:56behind the largest

13:57wall of the world,

13:58The Ming Empire is rotting.

14:00Decades of families,

14:01empty crates,

14:02a corrupt court

14:03and peasant revolts

14:05which appear.

14:06To the northeast,

14:07a formidable people

14:08forests have become unified,

14:09the Manchoux.

14:10They have already crossed

14:11the wall,

14:12steeply,

14:134 times in 15 years.

14:14But plundering is not conquering.

14:16To take China as an example,

14:17we need to pass it on

14:18an entire army

14:19with its provisions

14:20and its artillery.

14:21And for that,

14:22There is only one way.

14:23Here,

14:24Shan Wegan,

14:25the first pass

14:26under the sky.

14:27The only usable corridor

14:29for an army

14:29between Manchuria

14:30and Beijing,

14:31wedged between the mountains

14:32and the sea.

14:33As long as this door holds,

14:34The Empire holds.

14:36The gate is renowned

14:37invulnerable,

14:38except from the inside.

14:39To the west,

14:40a former junior civil servant

14:41who became a rebel leader

14:42gathers the hungry

14:43by the hundreds of thousands,

14:45Li Zicheng.

14:46In February 1644,

14:49he proclaims

14:49emperor of a new dynasty

14:51And he marches on Beijing.

14:53He then walked along

14:53the great wall

14:54to neutralize

14:55its garrisons

14:55one by one.

14:57Datong,

14:57Shuangfu,

14:58Zhiyang Pass.

14:59The three locks

15:00fall from the capital

15:01But none of them are fighting.

15:02The soldiers

15:03are no longer being paid

15:04for months.

15:05The doors open

15:06one after the other.

15:07On April 24, 1644,

15:10Li Zicheng

15:10pierces the walls of Beijing.

15:12At dawn on the 25th,

15:13the Emperor engraved

15:14the hill

15:14behind the forbidden city

15:15and hangs himself.

15:16The Last Emperor

15:17Ming of Beijing

15:18has just died

15:19and the Manchus,

15:20They are not responsible for it.

15:22A Shen Wegan,

15:23he remains the last one

15:24large army corps

15:24faithful to the Ming.

15:25His commander,

15:27General Wu Sangi.

15:28And Wu is caught in a barrel.

15:30To the west,

15:31Li Zicheng

15:31walks on him

15:32with 60,000 men.

15:33To the north,

15:34behind the wall,

15:35the formidable Manchus.

15:37His dilemma

15:37is atrocious.

15:38Serve the rebel

15:39who pushed his emperor

15:40to suicide

15:41or open the door

15:42to the hereditary enemy?

15:44Two possible betrayals,

15:45He chose his own.

15:47Wu writes to the Manchus,

15:48help me

15:49to restore the Ming.

15:50The answer,

15:51She is icy cold.

15:53No,

15:53submit

15:54and serve us.

15:55Wu agrees.

15:56On May 27, 1644,

15:58Li Zicheng

15:59attack the door.

16:00Wu's men

16:01cash in on the front line

16:02a white fabric

16:03tied over the shoulder

16:04to be recognized.

16:05SO,

16:05the gates of the Great Wall

16:07open.

16:07The Manchu cavalry

16:08surge through the pass

16:10and sinks

16:10in the rebels' flank.

16:12Li's army

16:12it falls apart

16:13flees from them.

16:14plunders Beijing in the process.

16:15He will be caught.

16:16and killed the following year.

16:18Remember the beginning of the video.

16:20A Chinese man had brought

16:21the Northern Horsemen

16:22to settle scores.

16:24Centuries later,

16:25The same scene repeats itself.

16:27In June 1644,

16:29The Manchus enter Beijing

16:30and proclaim an emperor.

16:31The Qing dynasty begins,

16:33She reigned until 1912.

16:36The Great Wall

16:37did not fall under the assault.

16:38We opened its doors.

16:39The barbarians she had to stop

16:41did not have to pierce it.

16:43And frankly,

16:44That's quite ironic.

16:45The Qing now reign

16:46on both sides of the wall.

16:48Militarily,

16:49It is no longer of any use.

16:50But they do not destroy it.

16:52They recycle it.

16:53In the Northeast,

16:54Sections are being repaired

16:55to prevent the Chinese

16:56to emigrate to Manchuria,

16:58the sacred land of the Manchus.

16:59The function has never changed.

17:01Only the direction of the door.

17:05It's now

17:06that the lie

17:06born on the Great Wall.

17:08Yes, indeed.

17:09after his fall.

17:09In 1655,

17:11the Jesuit Martino Martini

17:13publishes the first major European atlas

17:15from China.

17:16And he commits the fundamental error.

17:18He takes the Murming.

17:19brand new,

17:20for that of the first emperor.

17:22In European trade shows,

17:23the wall becomes a monument

17:242000 years

17:25without a crack.

17:26And in 1754,

17:28the Englishman William Stuclay

17:29wrote that it would be discernible

17:30from the Moon.

17:32Two centuries before

17:33the first space flight,

17:34The myth was born

17:35in a living room

17:36at one time

17:36where no one could verify it.

17:38It was just a collective misunderstanding

17:40copied from book to book

17:42for three centuries.

17:43Sometimes,

17:44You don't have to look very far.

17:45During this time,

17:46The real wall dies a second time.

17:48Pillared for its bricks,

17:49eaten away by the wind,

17:50during the cultural revolution

17:52under Mao

17:52They even take sections of it apart.

17:53to build pigsties.

17:55Then,

17:56The 20th century is resurrected.

17:57Not made of stone.

17:58as a symbol.

17:59Chinese leaders

18:00they see the wall

18:01like a tool

18:01who preserved the nation.

18:03The national anthem calls

18:04the people to be trained

18:05a new wall,

18:06UNESCO classifies it,

18:07in 1987.

18:09The wall becomes

18:10the symbol

18:10of an eternal unity

18:11at the moment

18:12where it is no longer of any use.

18:14In reality,

18:15the great wall

18:15is a recent invention.

18:17Half European fantasy,

18:19half of the national narrative.

18:20With a comparable fate

18:21to that of the Maginot Line.

18:23And that's perfect.

18:24I made a video about it.

18:26In 2003,

18:27Yang Liwei,

18:27first Chinese astronaut,

18:29confirms that he did not see it

18:30from space.

18:31At an altitude of 100 km,

18:33a perfect human eye

18:34distinguishes best

18:35an object 30 meters away.

18:36The wall is 10 meters wide.

18:38Therefore, it is physiologically impossible.

18:40And in 2012,

18:41China is finally measuring everything.

18:43Official result,

18:4521,196 km.

18:47But 10,051 sections,

18:49built by about ten dynasties,

18:50often parallel,

18:51It's not a wall.

18:52It's a complex web of borders.

18:57SO,

18:57Were you lied to?

18:58on the Great Wall?

18:59Yes,

18:59But not in the way you think.

19:01The lie is not intentional.

19:03We invented it

19:04the perfect wall

19:05eternal,

19:06impassable,

19:06because it was

19:07a more beautiful story.

19:09But yet,

19:09the real wall,

19:10It is much more fascinating.

19:12A toll of several

19:13thousands of kilometers,

19:14an alert network

19:15faster

19:15that everything his era knew

19:17an open-air factory

19:19and a fortress

19:20which fell from within.

19:21And today,

19:22China has moved its Great Wall

19:23in the digital realm.

19:24In 2003,

19:25China is deploying a national system

19:27internet filtering.

19:28A name is immediately given to it.

19:30the Great Firewall,

19:31the great electronic firewall.

19:33Traffic between China

19:34and the rest of the world

19:35is channeled

19:36to a small number

19:37of controlled gateways.

19:38And at these crossing points,

19:40we inspect,

19:41we filter,

19:41It is allowed.

19:42Exactly like the wall

19:44centuries earlier.

19:45For over 2000 years

19:46compared to the rest of the world,

19:48the same civilization

19:49spreads by the same gesture.

19:50She just changed her equipment.

19:52but not the function.

19:53Subtitling by Radio-Canada

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