00:00The Gurkha invasion of Tibet and the invasion of Tibet under the tutelage of the kings by the troops
00:04of the Kingdom of Nepal in 1788 and 1792, during the reign of Jamfel Gyatso, 1758 to 1804, the eighth
00:12of Alai Lama.
00:13This conflict stems from a trade dispute between the two countries, related to the manufacture of parts in Nepal.
00:18of poor quality silver intended to be sold in Tibet.
00:21The war initially pitted the Nepalese and Tibetan armies against each other.
00:24From 1788 to 1889, Nepalese troops under Prince Bahadur Shah occupied part of Tibet and looted the monastery.
00:31from Tashiyunpo to Shigatse.
00:33The Tibetans eventually signed the Treaty of Kerung, in which they pledged to pay an annual tribute to Nepal.
00:38However, the Tibetans do not pay the agreed tribute and, when the conflict resumes, they request the intervention of the
00:44China.
00:45The Sino-Tibetan forces commanded by Faungan attacked Nepal and penetrated as far as Nuwakot, where they had to
00:51to face a strong Nepalese counter-attack.
00:53As the conflict dragged on, the two countries eventually agreed to make peace and signed the Treaty of Betrawati.
00:59The Gurkhas are members of the Rajput Kasi clan of North India who migrated from Rajasthan to
01:04the present-day territory of Nepal, in the 16th century.
01:07In 1559, some of the Gurkhas migrated eastward and carved out a small kingdom for themselves in the territory of
01:13Present-day Nepal,
01:1480 km northwest of Kathmandu, a territory which they call Gorkha.
01:18In 1769, they seized most of the territory of present-day Nepal, then ruled by the Mala dynasty.
01:25and settle in Kathmandu, where they make Hinduism the state religion.
01:29In 1650, the Fifth Dalai Lama signed a treaty with the King of Patan, Sidi Narasimha Mala,
01:35allowing Nepal to mint coins with silver ingots supplied by the Tibetans.
01:38The Mala kings then receive a 12% commission.
01:41When Prisvi Narayan, the ruler of the Gorkha kingdom, imposed an economic blockade on the Kathmandu Valley
01:48During his campaign to unify Nepal, Jaya Prakash Mala, the ruler of Kathmandu,
01:52must face a serious economic crisis.
01:55He tries to mitigate it by minting silver coins using an alloy of copper and silver.
02:00After successfully conquering the Kathmandu Valley in 1769 and thus strengthening the power of the Shah dynasty
02:06Prisvi Narayan, which he has just founded, is reviving the minting of pure silver coins.
02:10But by that time, the public's confidence in coins minted in Nepal was already shaken.
02:15to the point that Tibetans are demanding that all impure coins in circulation be replaced with silver coins
02:20pure.
02:21This demand represents an enormous financial burden for the Shah dynasty.
02:25Prisvi Narayan is not prepared to bear such a huge loss in a case in which he is not involved.
02:29responsible.
02:29But he is willing to guarantee the purity of the newly minted coins.
02:33Thus, two types of coins are found in circulation on the market and,
02:37as this problem was not resolved before the death of Prisvi Narayan in 1775,
02:42Successive leaders of Nepal have found themselves, one after another, having to manage it.
02:46In 1788, Prince Bahadur Shah, the youngest son of Prisvi Narayan Shah,
02:51and the uncle and regent of the minor king Rana Bahadur Shah, inherited a situation that had worsened.
02:56Indeed, still due to this problem of poor quality silver coins,
03:00Tibet is beginning to spread rumors that it is capable of attacking Nepal.
03:04while Nepalese traders present in Tibet are being harassed.
03:07Nepal's decision to provide shelter for the 10th Shamar Palama, Mipam Chaudrup Giamso,
03:12and to his 14 Tibetan disciples is another sensitive point in diplomatic relations between the two kingdoms.
03:17Indeed, he fled Tibet to take refuge in Nepal for religious and political reasons.
03:23Another cause of conflict is the poor quality of salt supplied by Tibetans to Nepal.
03:27because at the time, all the salt in Nepal came from Tibet.
03:30A Nepalese delegation has been sent to Tibet to resolve these issues.
03:34but their demands are rejected by the Tibetans.
03:37The Nepalese see this dispute over currency as a convenient pretext.
03:40to expand their kingdom and attack the wealthy monasteries of Tibet.
03:43Thus, in 1788, Nepal launched attacks on several fronts against Tibet.
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