00:01En 1978, los líderes de Egipto y Israel meten con Presidente Jimmy Carter
00:06en la presidencial retreat en Camp David, Maryland.
00:09La meeting dio a birth de la Camp David Accords,
00:12a framework para la paz en el Middle East.
00:14Aquí vamos a ver los eventos lejos de la Accords,
00:17la importancia de la agreement,
00:19y su impacto en el Israel y el Egipto de la relación.
00:25En 1947, la Unión de Naciones votada a dividir
00:29el british-controlled palestinian territories
00:31into two countries, Israel and Palestine.
00:35Arab countries did not want the former palestinian territory
00:38to become two states,
00:41and war immediately broke out
00:42between what would become Israel
00:44and a military coalition of Arab states,
00:47including neighboring countries Egypt and Jordan.
00:50When this instance of fighting finally ended in 1948,
00:54Israel was established as a country,
00:56but Palestine was not.
00:59This led to a series of conflicts
01:01known as the Arab-Israeli Wars,
01:03which would continue for the next three decades.
01:06Over 700,000 Palestinians became refugees
01:10in special territories in Arab states neighboring Israel.
01:14By 1967, Israel had expanded
01:17and occupied Egypt's Sinai Peninsula.
01:20This was a great economic and political loss for Egypt.
01:23The Sinai Peninsula bordered the eastern bank
01:26of the Suez Canal,
01:27one of the most heavily trafficked maritime trade routes
01:30in the world.
01:31Then, in 1970,
01:33in the midst of Egypt's economic struggle,
01:35Anwar al-Sadat became the president.
01:38Sadat ordered an attack on Israel
01:40on the Jewish Yom Kippur holiday in 1973
01:43in an attempt to regain territory
01:46and convince Israel of Egypt's power.
01:49Israel claimed a military victory,
01:51fending off the Egyptian attack,
01:52but the war also highlighted the need
01:54for a more stable peace between the two countries.
02:00In 1974, leaders from both countries
02:02signed the first Egyptian-Israeli disengagement agreement,
02:05which included returning part of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.
02:09Then, with the goal of creating a permanent peace with Israel,
02:12Sadat traveled to Israel's ally,
02:14the United States, in 1975.
02:17The peace efforts moved slowly.
02:20Sadat even visited Israel in 1977,
02:23but by 1978,
02:25a permanent agreement still had not been worked out.
02:30In 1978, a little over a year after taking office,
02:33President Jimmy Carter invited Sadat
02:35and Israel's Prime Minister Menachem Begin
02:37to his retreat at Camp David, Maryland.
02:40Serving as an intermediary,
02:42Carter worked with each leader separately
02:43to draft two dual accord documents
02:46in a secretive 12-day process.
02:48The document stipulated that Israel
02:50give the Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt.
02:52In exchange, Egypt would give Israel permission
02:55to use the Suez Canal for trade.
02:57Egypt also agreed to recognize Israel as a country.
03:02In 1979, Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin
03:05signed a permanent peace agreement
03:07based off the Camp David Accords.
03:11The significance of these agreements did not go unnoticed.
03:15Sadat and Begin received the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize.
03:19Egypt and Israel officially began a diplomatic relationship
03:22and reinstated trade between them.
03:25Leaders in the West praised Sadat,
03:27but many leaders of other Arab countries
03:29were not happy with the agreement.
03:30In 1979, the Arab League kicked out Egypt.
03:35Then, an Egyptian extremist assassinated Sadat.
03:39Yet, this act of violence did not deter
03:41the process Sadat had set in place.
03:43Egypt's next president, Hosni Mubarak,
03:46continued maintaining peace with Israel.
03:48Though the Middle East is still mired in conflict,
03:51the Camp David Accords served as an example
03:53of the possibility for peace in the region.
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