00:00The ground is suddenly to tremble.
00:02While the waves of gas are in the sky,
00:06plunging the day in obscurity,
00:08some parts of the ground begin to deform.
00:12Or even to fall off,
00:14many signs of an imminent eruption.
00:17And this scenario could be repeated with the Mont Spur.
00:21Located at about 120 km of Anchorage,
00:23one of the most dynamic areas of Alaska,
00:26the Mont Spur represents a tangible threat.
00:28More than half of the state inhabitants
00:31the most north of the United States reside in Anchorage.
00:35Every day, a huge amount of aircraft
00:37transit through its international airport.
00:40So, when a volcano located so close to such a crucial hole
00:44manifests signs of agitation,
00:46it inevitably attracts everyone's attention.
00:50As an information,
00:52about 350 million people in the world
00:55live in the zone at risk of a volcano in activity.
00:59This means that a person over 20
01:01is exposed to danger
01:02related to a volcanic eruption.
01:05The Alaskans would probably hope
01:06that the wake of the Mont Spur
01:08relates to fiction.
01:09But the reality is all different.
01:11The Volcanological Observatory
01:13has recorded several signs
01:15characteristics of an imminent volcanic activity.
01:18So that the alert level was raised
01:20to the jaune,
01:21indicating an agitation
01:23surpassing the usual levels.
01:27The Mont Spur is in eruption
01:29at two times in the 1990s,
01:31and these events were quite powerful.
01:33On a scale of 1 to 10,
01:35they would probably get a note of 6 or 7.
01:39Without being catastrophic,
01:40they have caused the damage
01:42estimated between 10 and 17 millions of dollars.
01:46However, these numbers
01:47seem terrible
01:48face to the eruption of the Mont Redoute
01:50in Alaska,
01:51in 1988,
01:53another volcano
01:54which has caused
01:55astronomical damage
01:56totaling 345 millions of dollars.
01:59The main reason
02:01lies in the volcanic cendres
02:02which have disturbed
02:03the engines of planes
02:04like the KLM 747
02:06where all the engines
02:07were stopped
02:08under the effect of the cendres
02:09before starting in extremis.
02:12If the geology unstable
02:13of Alaska
02:14had until now
02:15little attention,
02:17this event
02:17has completely changed
02:20when we talk about
02:21the risks related to volcanism,
02:24the first image
02:24that arises
02:25is often that of Pompéi
02:27in Italy.
02:28Of course,
02:29it is of the most dramatic scenario
02:31a city
02:32engulfed by the lava.
02:34Compared to Vésuve,
02:35the Mont Spur
02:36may seem less dangerous,
02:37but it has still left
02:39some notable traces.
02:40During its last eruption
02:42in the 1990s,
02:44it has propelled
02:45the volcanic aerosols
02:45at more than 18.000 meters
02:47of altitude.
02:50Clarifions
02:51a scientific point
02:52essential.
02:53The volcanic aerosols
02:54are liquid particles
02:55that are released
02:56in the atmosphere
02:57during an eruption.
02:59They are formed
03:00generally when
03:01the volcanic gas
03:01like the dioxide
03:03of sulfur
03:03interacts with the water
03:05and other particles
03:06present in the air.
03:08These aerosols
03:09have the capacity
03:09to refrigerate
03:10the surface
03:11by reflecting directly
03:12the solar light
03:13towards the space.
03:14The worst
03:15they can
03:16remain in the atmosphere
03:17for several years
03:18after an eruption
03:19causing
03:20serious problems
03:21of health.
03:23The eruption
03:24has released
03:24an avalanches
03:25fulgurant
03:25of burning gas
03:26and of sand
03:27called pyroclastic
03:29accompanied
03:30of the sea
03:30crues
03:30of the sea
03:31known as
03:32the sea
03:33of the sea
03:33of the sea
03:34of the sea
03:34of the sea
03:35of the sea
03:37of the sea
03:37of the sea
03:38of the sea
03:39of the sea
03:39of the sea
03:40of the sea
03:40of the sea
03:41of the sea
03:42of the sea
03:46which has destroyed
03:48the debris
03:51which has obstructed
03:52the river
03:53Chaka Tchatna
03:54and formed a new
03:55lake
03:55in the valley.
03:58Despite all,
03:59the first eruption
04:00of the Purs
04:01has was positive
04:02The main
04:03most taken
04:04was the importance of the volcanic surveillance.
04:07Due to the local control systems,
04:09the economic losses were limited,
04:12which is essential for a city
04:13where the air traffic is also dense.
04:16Even considered as currently dormant,
04:19the pure mountain remains imprevisible
04:21and could enter in eruption at any moment.
04:23The volcanoes are generally classified
04:25in three categories,
04:26active, dormant, or eaten,
04:29according to their level of activity.
04:30A active volcano falls again
04:32and enters in eruption with a certain regularity.
04:36A dormant volcano,
04:37he,
04:37has shown recent signs of activity
04:40but is currently asleep.
04:42When the volcano is closed,
04:43they are silent for so long
04:45that we assume they will never wake up again.
04:50Among the active volcano volcanoes
04:51most dreadful of the United States
04:53is the Mount St. Helens,
04:55responsible for the most violent eruption
04:57in the history of the country.
04:58During its last explosion,
05:00the intensity of the breath
05:02has carried out about 400 mètres
05:03from its summit,
05:04making literally disappear
05:05the top of the mountain.
05:07If the sea of sand
05:08of the Mount Spur
05:09you seemed spectacular,
05:11that of St. Helens
05:12has surpassed
05:13in reaching 24 kilometers
05:14of altitude,
05:15plonging the east
05:16of Washington
05:17in a total obscurity.
05:20But that's not all.
05:22In only three minutes,
05:23the eruption has projected
05:24about 3,7 milliards
05:26of mètres cube
05:27of incandescentes
05:28and of dirt,
05:29of what remplir
05:30a million of Olympic piscines
05:31on a surface
05:33of 600 km2
05:34of luxuries
05:35luxuriant.
05:36The seismic
05:38that announced
05:38the eruption
05:39had already begun
05:40several weeks
05:41before the 18th May 1980.
05:44Finally,
05:44a tsunami
05:45of a magnitude
05:46of 5,0
05:48has caused
05:48a gigantic
05:49explosion of terrain
05:50on one of the slopes
05:51of the volcano.
05:54At the end
05:54of this historical eruption,
05:5657 lives
05:57had been lost.
05:58Près of 7000
06:00big animals
06:00like the cerfs
06:02and the wapiti
06:02had perished,
06:04while millions
06:05of animals
06:05jonchèrent the earth
06:06calcined.
06:07Even though the experts
06:08don't wait
06:09until the Mount St. Helens
06:11to enjoy
06:11an episode
06:12of this depth
06:13in a close future,
06:14they continue
06:15to look at it
06:16because the volcano
06:17is far away
06:18from the volcano.
06:19For a little anecdote,
06:21the word volcano
06:21tire its origin
06:22of Vulcan,
06:23the divinity
06:24romaine
06:24of the fire.
06:25The eruptions
06:26often arrive
06:26at the point
06:27of the place
06:27of the sea
06:28of the sea
06:28of the sea.
06:33The famous
06:34tower of the sea
06:35located in the Pacific Pacific
06:37is the most active
06:38of the volcano
06:38the most active
06:39of the globe.
06:40It abides
06:41between 750
06:42and 915
06:43volcano
06:43in activity.
06:45The most
06:46volcano
06:46of the fire
06:47and also the most
06:48volcano active
06:49in the world
06:50is the Mauna Loa.
06:52Culminant
06:53to more than 4000
06:54meters,
06:54it is located in Hawaii.
06:55The researchers
06:57think that this volcano
06:58is in eruption
06:59for at least 700
07:00thousand years.
07:00The most recent
07:01began the 27th
07:02november 2022
07:03for the next 13th
07:05november.
07:06Rested silent
07:07since the 1980s,
07:09the Mauna Loa
07:10has ended up
07:10to wake up.
07:11Fortunately,
07:13thanks to the
07:13continuous surveillance
07:14assured by the
07:15Volcanological Observatory
07:16of Hawaii,
07:17its last eruption
07:18has not made
07:18any victims.
07:20The scientists
07:20invested massively
07:21in the following
07:22of the volcano,
07:24not only to limit
07:25the economic impacts,
07:26but also to save
07:27lives.
07:28Their last
07:29ambitious project
07:29consists of
07:30directly into the volcano.
07:34Recently,
07:35scientists have
07:35made a trip
07:36to the island,
07:38a real
07:38volcano volcano.
07:40This country
07:41includes
07:41nearly 33
07:42active volcans.
07:44However,
07:45the one who
07:45is particularly
07:46their attention
07:47is the volcanic system
07:49of Krafla,
07:50which has
07:50encountered
07:50about 30 eruptions
07:52during the last
07:52millennial.
07:53The most recent,
07:55in the middle of the 1980s,
07:57the project
07:57Krafla Magma Testbed,
07:59or KMT,
08:00aims to better understand
08:01the behavior
08:02of the magma
08:03under the surface
08:03terrestre.
08:05One of the main
08:06features of
08:07this research
08:07forage
08:08and the prevision
08:09of the risks
08:09of eruption.
08:10But they also offer
08:11an opportunity
08:12to progress
08:13the energy
08:13geothermal energy.
08:15Imagine a world
08:16where electricity
08:17would be alimented
08:18by a source
08:18of energy
08:19as inexplicable
08:20as the power
08:21of the volcano.
08:22The project
08:23KMT
08:24plans to start
08:25the deep exploration
08:26in 2027,
08:28with the goal
08:29to reach
08:30more than 1 km
08:30below.
08:32To observe the activity
08:33of the lava
08:33when it is in surface
08:35is one thing
08:35but the study
08:36when it is confined
08:37under the Earth
08:38is another.
08:39According to the researchers,
08:41this approach
08:41will allow
08:42to truly listen
08:43to the Earth.
08:45According to them,
08:47these research
08:48could be also
08:49revolutionary
08:49as the conquest
08:50of the Moon.
08:52And in talking
08:53about this,
08:54do you know
08:54that the volcanoes
08:55existed ailleurs
08:56in the solar system?
08:57Yes,
08:58other planets
08:58and lunar
08:59are also
09:00known.
09:00The most famous volcano
09:02is Olympus Mons,
09:03located on Mars.
09:05It is a rocket volcano
09:06similar to those
09:07of the Hawaiian
09:07but it measures
09:09about 600 km
09:10wide.
09:11If we would take it
09:11on Earth,
09:12it would cover almost
09:13the whole Pologne.
09:14Impressionnant.
09:157
09:1610
09:1812
09:1813
09:1915
09:1915
09:2015
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