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Repensar los residuos: El camino hacia una economía circular

Desde la clasificación avanzada en Sharjah hasta las nuevas infraestructuras de residuos en Uzbekistán, los esfuerzos por recuperar materiales y generar energía están cambiando el destino de la basura.

En colaboración con Center for the Production of Content for Mass Media under the Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

MÁS INFORMACIÓN : http://es.euronews.com/2026/09/22/repensar-los-residuos-el-camino-hacia-una-economia-circular

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00:00¡Suscríbete al canal!
00:30This is what the future of consumption can look like, if we choose it.
00:36It all begins on the sorting line.
00:38We are looking at the primary sorting line at BIA's Waste Management Complex in Charge.
00:43High-volume commingled and commercial waste is processed continuously,
00:46using automated screens, magnets, eddy currents, ballistic separators, and Optida sorters.
00:54Increasingly, the sorting is done not by hand, but by machine.
00:58AI vision and optical sorters detect material at the polymer level in milliseconds,
01:03while robotics pick at speeds human sorting cannot match.
01:07This allows us to recover lightweight and complex items that were previously lost to landfills,
01:12pushing pale purity above 95%.
01:15This is what the future of the circular economy looks like in practice.
01:19Charge now diverts a vast majority of its household waste away from landfill.
01:25Over 1.5 million kilograms of waste moves through this facility every single day.
01:34Almost nothing is wasted.
01:36What comes off these lines is given a second life.
01:39We recover high-demand industrial feedstocks.
01:41Plastics, PET, PPE, LDP, as well as HDPE,
01:46are converted into pallets and flakes for new packaging and consumer goods.
01:51Metals, on the other hand, are melted down into structural steel and new beverage cans.
01:56Non-recyclables are sent to waste to energy,
01:58where we produce electricity for up to 28,000 ohms per year.
02:03And whatever cannot be recycled is not buried.
02:06Some of it is burned to make power.
02:10I'm here in the control room of the Sharjah Waste to Energy plant,
02:14which was the first of its kind in the region.
02:16It turns everyday household items into electricity,
02:20powering thousands of homes.
02:22The plant's engineers explain why a modern city can no longer rely on landfill.
02:28Waste to Energy converts non-recyclable waste into valuable energy,
02:33reducing landfill dependency while recovering value from residual waste.
02:38And it matters, they say, far beyond this plant.
02:42It matters because sustainable cities cannot rely on landfill.
02:46Waste to Energy transforms an environmental challenge into a long-term energy solution.
02:53For those who built it, there is a real pride in what it represents.
02:57I'm extremely proud.
02:59This is the kind of infrastructure that delivers lasting environmental,
03:04economical and societal value for future generations.
03:09Every circular economy begins with ambition.
03:12In Uzbekistan, that ambition is being put into action,
03:15a nation moving to transform how it matches waste
03:18on a scale few countries would attempt.
03:29Uzbekistan generates roughly 15 million tons of household waste a year.
03:34Government figures suggest only around 5% to 6% is recycled or processed by specialist companies.
03:41Most waste, therefore, remains outside the recycling system.
03:45The country's response combines landfill reform, recycling, and waste to energy.
03:50These approaches address different parts of the waste stream,
03:53and they do not all play the same role in a circular economy.
03:57The first challenge is the most basic,
04:00collecting waste safely and controlling what reaches landfill.
04:0450 years of waste went into the ground just over there.
04:08This facility replaced it last year.
04:1124 hectares, compacted waste, and proper containment.
04:14Up to 2,500 tons of waste arrive every single day from across the capital.
04:20But the most interesting part is what happens next.
04:25Organic material buried without oxygen produces methane,
04:29a powerful greenhouse gas.
04:32It can escape from landfill or be captured and used as fuel.
04:37In the old polygons, there was a huge increase of gas and methane.
04:42And now, on the old polygons, there is a project for the extraction of this gas and methane
04:47and the production of the electricity.
04:50Gas capture can reduce emissions and generate electricity.
04:54But sealing a landfill does not answer risk.
04:57Masane and polluted liquid, known as leachate,
05:00can persist for years and require long-term monitoring.
05:25Alongside efforts to improve landfill management,
05:28Uzbekistan is expanding waste to energy incineration.
05:31Government is rolling out a nationwide network of waste-to-energy plants,
05:36with six currently under construction and additional projects planned.
05:41The site will be processing 1,500 tons of Samarkand's waste every single day
05:47and sending the electricity straight to the national grid.
05:50That is the government's case.
06:10In the waste hierarchy, however, burning waste for energy is classed as recovery, not recycling.
06:16It can reduce landfill volumes and generate power, but it also produces emissions and ash.
06:22Its environmental performance will depend on what is burned,
06:24the pollution controls used, and how their residues are managed.
06:29Beyond the large projects, private operators have also entered waste collection.
06:43At household level, sorting remains a major obstacle.
06:47In 2024, Zero Waste distributed 10,000 bags for residents to separate recyclable waste.
06:54Only around 1% were returned sorted.
06:56It's not a national measure, but it illustrates the difficulty of changing household habits.
07:21The projects are moving ahead, but the circular economy depends on more than new infrastructure.
07:27Whether household's ordering can keep pace remains an open question.
07:33From the UAE to Uzbekistan, this proves that clothing the loop on waste isn't just possible,
07:38it's already happening, whenever people choose to act.
07:42That's all for this episode of Earth Now.
07:45Join us next time as we uncover more about the work underway across the planet to safeguard it.
07:57The Earth Now
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