- 1 day ago
So, are you ready for space travel? You will know even more facts about space, astronauts and see many amazing space places!
Category
🎈
FunTranscript
00:03At a distance of 640 light-years from the sun, scientists discovered planet WASP-76b, where it rains iron.
00:12The planet is very close to its sun and always turn to it in the same side.
00:17The term is tidally locked.
00:19The temperature on the sunny side is so high that metals melt and evaporate there.
00:24The other half of the planet is cool enough so that metals condense again and fall down as rain.
00:30Speaking of tidal locks, our moon is the same way.
00:33There's no dark side to our satellite.
00:35It's just always turned to us with one side.
00:38When the moon happens to be in between the Earth and the sun, what we call its dark side becomes
00:44brightly lit.
00:45We just can't see it from our planet.
00:47Figures.
00:48A recent study claims that the moon has a tail.
00:51And every month, it wraps around our planet like a scarf.
00:55A slender tail made up of millions of atoms of sodium follows Earth's natural satellite.
01:01And our planet regularly travels directly through it.
01:04Meteor strikes blast these sodium atoms out of the moon's surface and further into space.
01:10You won't believe it, but the moon seems to be shrinking.
01:13Earth's natural satellite is now 150 feet smaller than it used to be hundreds of millions of years ago.
01:20The reason for this phenomenon might be the cooling of the moon's insides.
01:25It could also explain the quakes shaking the surface of our planet's natural satellite.
01:30Astronomers have recently found out that Mars is seismically active.
01:34Mars quakes occur there on a regular basis.
01:37For several days every month, the moon remains between the sun and our planet.
01:42That's when Earth's gravity picks up that sodium tail.
01:45Our planet drags it into a long stripe that wraps around its atmosphere.
01:50This lunar tail is totally harmless.
01:53It's also invisible to the human eye, 50 times dimmer than what you can perceive.
01:58But on those rare days, high-powered telescopes can spot its faint yellowish glow in the sky.
02:04The tail looks like a gleaming spot that's five times the moon's full diameter.
02:09Turns out there are plenty of planets in the universe, and even in the Milky Way galaxy,
02:14that have liquid or frozen water on them.
02:17The closest one is within our solar system.
02:19It's Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.
02:22Scientists are almost sure that underneath its frozen surface, there's an actual ocean of water.
02:28But it's too soon to be hyped about possible life on such planets.
02:32Liquid water is only one of many things that have to come together for life to appear on a planet.
02:38A star in the galaxy GSN-069 is likely to turn into a planet the size of Jupiter in the
02:45next trillion years.
02:46It might happen because of the star's regular encounters with a black hole.
02:51First, astronomers noticed unusual X-ray bursts that were strangely bright.
02:56They went off every nine hours.
02:58After studying this phenomenon for some time,
03:01the scientists realized it was a star moving in a unique orbit around a black hole.
03:06The dazzling flashes?
03:08It was the material getting slurped off the star's surface by the black hole.
03:12It turned out that over millions of years,
03:15the black hole had already transformed the red giant into a white dwarf.
03:19And the process isn't going to stop whatsoever.
03:23Astronomers have found some traces of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus.
03:27On our planet, this gas, colorless and flammable,
03:30is often found where microbes live.
03:32No wonder a new theory suggests that there might be life on Venus.
03:36But even if there was some life on the evening star,
03:40it could have only appeared in its atmosphere.
03:43Probably no living organism would be able to survive the planet's extreme environment.
03:48Venus's surface is extremely dry.
03:50There's no liquid water on the planet.
03:53And the pressure there is 90 times greater than that on Earth's surface.
03:56The temperatures often rise higher than 900 degrees.
04:00That's hot enough to melt some metals.
04:02As for vacations there, I'll pass.
04:05In fact, there's a place millions of light-years away
04:08where there's a whole floating space cloud made entirely of water.
04:12There's so much of it that we could fill all our oceans 140 trillion times over.
04:18Slightly more than what we need.
04:20Water on Earth is actually a puzzle shrouded in mystery and covered with riddles.
04:25The most popular theory is that it was brought to our planet by icy comets and asteroids
04:30that left behind not only mighty craters,
04:33but the liquid substance thanks to which we can now thrive.
04:37But in space, there's a whole lot of organic matter.
04:40And under specific conditions, it could yield so much water,
04:44it would be enough to fill our oceans thousands of times over.
04:48Researchers conducted an experiment in which they heated this organic matter
04:52and obtained clear water and oil.
04:54If this is confirmed in future studies,
04:57it could mean that even oil appeared on Earth
04:59not only thanks to fossilized remains of living beings,
05:03but came from outer space as well.
05:06And yet, there might just be about 6 billion Earth-like planets in the Milky Way galaxy alone.
05:11The latest data has shown that every fifth sun-like star
05:15can have at least one planet in its habitable zone.
05:18And not just any planet, mind you.
05:20It has a rocky core and surface, and it's of comparable size to the Earth.
05:25Being inside the habitable zone of its star,
05:28such a planet would have high chances of becoming home to living creatures.
05:32Microbes, at least.
05:33And if there are billions of these planets in our galaxy,
05:36you could safely say that at least one of them is not only habitable, but inhabited already.
05:42And now, multiply this by the number of galaxies in the universe,
05:47also considering that many of them are much bigger than the Milky Way.
05:51This gives us billions upon billions of sun-like stars and Earth-like planets,
05:55and some of them are surely more like ours than others.
05:59And get this.
06:00We might be able to walk upright because of supernova explosions.
06:04About two and a half million years ago, a supernova sent cosmic rays to our planet.
06:09They triggered a series of electrical storms in the Earth's atmosphere,
06:13which turned into thunderstorms.
06:15Those, in turn, caused wildfires in northeast Africa, where our earlier ancestors lived.
06:21Fires turned the forest area into a savanna,
06:24the atmospheric pressure changed,
06:26and our ancestors had to stand on two legs to survive.
06:29The biggest explosion since the Big Bang was registered in 2019.
06:34This happened in the Ophiuchus Cluster, which unites thousands of galaxies.
06:38According to scientists, the blast was equal to 20 billion billion, that's 18 zeros,
06:44megaton explosions happening once a millisecond for 240 million years.
06:49Um, I'll have to trust that.
06:50My math is not that good.
06:52In 2019, NASA's InSight lander,
06:55whose goal was to study the interior of Mars,
06:57registered the first Marsquake ever.
07:00These quakes were coming fast, about two per day.
07:03Most of them were tiny.
07:05You wouldn't even feel them if they happened on our planet.
07:07So far, more than 300 Marsquakes have been detected.
07:11Those are the first quakes on any space body other than Earth and the Moon.
07:16Another mysterious phenomenon discovered by the mission was bizarre magnetic pulses.
07:21They occurred every midnight around the lander.
07:24It's still unclear what those pulses were.
07:26Maybe after midnight, they're going to let it all hang out.
07:29Or something.
07:31Pluto's atmosphere rises much higher above the surface of the dwarf planet than, let's say, Earth's.
07:36It also has more than 20 layers, all of them freezing cold and extremely condensed.
07:42Remember the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs on Earth?
07:45Hey, I wasn't around then.
07:46But who could forget?
07:47There might have been another space show that ended badly for at least 75% of all life on our
07:53planet in the past.
07:54Roughly 360 million years ago, a supernova explosion occurred about 65 light-years away from us.
08:01And the cosmic rays sent by it swept away the ozone layer of our pretty blue ball.
08:07Wow.
08:08Tough neighborhood.
08:11Now, as a child, weren't you taught not to play with your food?
08:15Well, apparently, these astronauts weren't.
08:18Floating jello cubes across the cabin while in zero-g is a lot of fun.
08:22But it is also a sign of a potential problem called space euphoria.
08:27No one ever considered that extreme happiness in space could become a severe problem.
08:32But it can become a serious problem, and that's no kidding.
08:36For many years, space euphoria went undetected, although it was right there, front and center, for all to see.
08:43When Apollo 14 astronaut Alan Shepard smuggled golf balls onto the moon and tried to create a tiny moon for
08:50the moon
08:51by attempting to hit a golf ball into orbit around the moon, everyone thought it was funny.
08:55Apollo 16 astronaut Charles Duke thought it would be funny if he tried to compete with the 1972 Olympic athletes
09:03back on Earth.
09:04He attempted to out-jump the Olympic athletes to benefit from the 1-6 gravity on the moon.
09:09Duke jumped so high that he rotated onto his back and fell crashing onto the life support system in his
09:15backpack.
09:16It could have been a fatal fall if the bag had cracked.
09:19Duke's commander, John Young, said,
09:21That's not funny.
09:22And it sure wasn't.
09:23Yet, when Apollo 17 astronauts began dancing and singing children's nursery songs while collecting rock samples,
09:31everyone still thought it was cute.
09:33Space euphoria again went unnoticed.
09:36As early as 1965, when Ed White became the first American to walk in space on a tethered spacewalk,
09:43his space euphoria became evident.
09:46He stayed out much longer than was necessary to test his mobility with the very first jetpack, or MMU as
09:52it was called,
09:53officially the manned maneuvering unit.
09:55In his own words,
09:57I'm not coming back.
09:58This is fun.
09:59Finally, when ordered to return to his Gemini spacecraft,
10:03Ed White said it was the saddest day of my life.
10:06Obviously, something sinister is at work with space euphoria.
10:11Weightlessness, combined with the view of Earth passing below,
10:14creates an exhilaration that overcomes all sense of duty.
10:18It is the great danger of space euphoria.
10:21Now, in hindsight, the effects of space euphoria could be seen when Apollo 17 astronauts drove the lunar rover on
10:28the moon.
10:29They exceeded the recommended speed limit and could be heard whooping and yelling as the rover rocked onto two wheels,
10:35even becoming airborne at times.
10:38Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield was busy at work during his tethered EVA,
10:42extravehicular activity,
10:44when he paused to look over his shoulder.
10:46The glory of space smacked him in the face.
10:49He was so emotionally overwhelmed at the magnificent beauty of the Milky Way galaxy
10:54that tears began to fill up Hadfield's eyes.
10:57Now in space, tears do not flow down your cheeks.
11:00They pool up in your eyes.
11:02Hadfield had become blinded by tears of joy.
11:05But Hadfield, against protocol, refused to tell his supervisors on Earth.
11:10Only after he was no longer able to work did Hadfield speak a famous quote,
11:15Houston, I have a problem.
11:17It was a direct result of space euphoria.
11:20Astronaut Hadfield managed to get back into the space shuttle, but his EVA was not fulfilled.
11:25It is something called the overview effect.
11:29Weightlessness in space affects everything from the physical and psychological health of the astronauts
11:34to the physics of using all the mechanical equipment of the spacecraft.
11:38However, weightlessness in space is not due to a lack of gravity.
11:42Astronauts orbit Earth less than 300 miles up, called LEO, low Earth orbit.
11:48There's plenty of gravity in low Earth orbit.
11:50The Earth's gravity keeps the Moon in orbit, and the Moon is about 250,000 miles away.
11:56In fact, a 150-pound astronaut would weigh 142 pounds in LEO.
12:02Weightlessness in space is due to freefall, not lack of gravity.
12:06What goes up must calm down.
12:09The rocket blasts off, and about 8 minutes later, the engines shut off.
12:13The spacecraft begins to fall back to Earth.
12:16Fortunately, by this time, the rocket has achieved orbital velocity,
12:20which is about 17,500 miles per hour.
12:23So that it falls towards Earth, but never hits the Earth.
12:27It keeps falling and falling around and around,
12:30precisely in the same curved path as the surface of the Earth.
12:33It's in orbit.
12:35It is freefall.
12:36Even though everyone calls it zero-g, it's not.
12:40If you were to place a bathroom scale under your feet when in freefall,
12:44it would show zero.
12:45You would weigh nothing.
12:47That's because the bathroom scale is falling too.
12:50The exciting thing is that astronauts retain all their muscle power.
12:53Their mass stays the same.
12:55Therefore, they can lift heavy equipment in space
12:58that would weigh hundreds or even thousands of pounds on Earth.
13:02Astronauts become superhumans in space.
13:04And that creates another unusual situation.
13:07There are lots of unusual situations in space.
13:11On the very first trip to the Moon,
13:13the Apollo 8 astronauts were not even scheduled to look back and photograph the Earth.
13:18Apollo 8 astronauts took only a limited number of pictures of Earth.
13:21That's unusual and kind of weird.
13:24But Earth rise from the Moon
13:26became perhaps the most influential environmentalist picture of the 20th century.
13:31And it wasn't even planned.
13:33But this is the key to understanding the overview effect.
13:36Surprise at the unexpected.
13:39Even today, almost all globes of Earth are not of Earth.
13:43Globes in schools and libraries show each country,
13:45usually in different colors.
13:47Each country, sure enough, contains a star.
13:49But it is to mark the capital city of that country.
13:52It is not how the Earth looks from space.
13:55These globes are not globes of the planet Earth.
13:58In fact, it isn't easy to even find a globe of the planet Earth.
14:03Read the labels on these classroom globes.
14:05The geopolitical world.
14:07These are globes of a place called the world.
14:10There is no planet called the world.
14:12The world does not live in space.
14:14It lives on someone's desk or shelf.
14:17The definition of space is geological in origin.
14:20Space is defined as existing up to, but not including, the atmosphere of Earth.
14:26Earth isn't even an astronomical object.
14:28It explains why the very first mission to the Moon, the Apollo 8 mission,
14:33had not scheduled any pictures of Earth.
14:35Selfies weren't invented then.
14:37It also explains why the psychological impact of seeing Earth rise from the Moon was so profound.
14:44It was a unique and totally new perception for which any and all humans were utterly unprepared.
14:51Seeing Earth in space was a complete surprise.
14:54Imagine yourself floating in space outside the spacecraft.
14:58You are surrounded by the Milky Way galaxy blazing with millions of stars.
15:03The planet Earth is a blue marble passing beneath your feet.
15:07Pretty heady stuff.
15:08How would you react?
15:10Would it change you?
15:11Apollo 9 astronaut Rusty Schweikert felt strongly that he was what he called the sensing element for humanity.
15:18What does he mean?
15:20It's the overview effect kicking in.
15:23Schweikert felt that he was connected to all the people on Earth.
15:26He compared it to being born into a new existence.
15:29And astronaut Schweikert is not the only one who felt the overview effect.
15:33Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Mitchell had this to say about being in space.
15:38It was rather an extension of the same universal process that evolved our molecules.
15:44And what I felt was an extraordinary personal connectedness with it.
15:48I experienced what has been described as an ecstasy of unity.
15:52I not only saw the connectedness, I felt it and experienced it sentiently.
15:57I was overwhelmed with the sensation of physically and mentally extending out into the cosmos.
16:04Some years after returning from space, astronaut Mitchell started an institute to study the brainwaves of people who had been
16:11in space.
16:12And yes, they are different.
16:14According to Mitchell's institute's research, the euphoric sensation of oneness with the universe creates brainwaves similar to meditating monks.
16:23Mitchell's studies were so significant that NASA launched a special space shuttle mission in 1998 just to study the effects
16:31of space on the brain.
16:33The NeuroLab mission studied brain cells of laboratory animals, and the astronaut crew too, as brain cells tried to adapt
16:40to the free-fall environment in low Earth orbit.
16:42Well, we can't all be astronauts, but now we can all access virtual reality experiences of what the astronauts saw
16:51in space.
16:52The Internet has opened up our Earth-bound point of view to share the unity and oneness of the overview
16:58effect and give us a small taste of the space euphoria astronauts get in space.
17:05All aboard!
17:06This is the Intergalactic Cruiser.
17:09The destination on your ticket is a tour of the local group of galaxies, featuring the large and small Magellanic
17:17galaxies, the Orion Nebula, the Andromeda and Triagulum galaxies, and a few surprises in between.
17:24Tickets, please.
17:25Be advised, you may experience a slight tingling sensation as we rev into hyperspace.
17:31The ship, and everything in it, is going through a dimensional phase change.
17:35It's nothing to worry about.
17:37The tingling passes quickly.
17:40Now, passengers, as we head toward galactic latitude 180 degrees north, as terrarians are accustomed to calling it,
17:49Our first main item of interest will be an intense star-forming region known as M42, the Orion Nebula.
17:57But first, a special treat by the captain that's not on the advertised itinerary.
18:02The Horsehead Nebula.
18:04It's off to the port side.
18:06That's left for you Aggies.
18:08Its designation is M43.
18:10The newborn star at the top of the horse's head has a strong solar wind that is deforming the shape
18:16of the nebular cloud.
18:19Get a good look at it now, because in a few thousand years, those gases will be completely blown away
18:25by the star-like nebula that made our sun.
18:27Yep, long gone.
18:29Except for the nebular gases captured by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
18:35Okay now, one of our junior explorers asks a question.
18:38What is the M in M42 and M43?
18:42Well, young lady, the M stands for Messier.
18:45Pronounced Messier, not Messier, as in, is your room messier than mine?
18:51Charles Messier, I mean Messier to be precise, was a French astronomer in the 18th century.
18:57He published a catalog of 110 fuzzy objects as seen through an early telescope.
19:03The Horsehead Nebula is number 43 on his list.
19:06We'll see more M's as we continue our tour.
19:10Heads up, we're coming to the Orion Nebula.
19:14The gases in the nebula may seem less colorful than you expect.
19:18That's because we're accustomed to seeing long-exposure telescopic photos and enhanced photos designed to highlight the different gases in
19:25the nebula.
19:26May I suggest using the pair of tinted glasses that come with your onboarding packet if you want to heighten
19:32your experience.
19:34In we go!
19:35Now, it's a good thing we are in hyperspace.
19:38As we approach the Trapezium Star Cluster in the center, the bright star, Theta-C, sends out a solar wind
19:45at 5 million miles an hour.
19:47It sculpts the whole cloud of gas and dust, creating shockwaves that compress nearby stars.
19:54Theta-C is a megastar, 200,000 times brighter than the sun.
19:59It will go supernova in about a million years.
20:02I won't be around that.
20:05Oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur glow in ionized states like a fluorescent light bulb.
20:10Oxygen blue, hydrogen red, some green and sulfur, and dust glow as yellow-orange.
20:17As we pull out of the Orion Nebula and rise high above the galactic plane, the spiral arms of the
20:24Milky Way are visible.
20:25Our sun, which you cannot distinguish from this height above the galaxy, is in the Orion Spur that lies between
20:32the outer Perseus arm and the inner Sagittarius arm.
20:36Notice the center of the Milky Way contains a bright magnetic bar that plays an essential part in star formation.
20:43Over 70% of nearby galaxies include magnetic bars.
20:49It's a sign of a mature galaxy.
20:52Only 20% of distant galaxies contain magnetic bars in their cores.
20:57Which reminds me, passengers, the juice bar is now open.
21:01Our H1 server will take your orders.
21:04Now, that's the Andromeda galaxy far, far out to the port side.
21:08But may I call your attention to the many dwarf galaxies, over 40 of them, that populate our galactic neighborhood.
21:15We're heading to one now.
21:17The Large Magellanic Cloud, LMC to astronomers, is an irregular dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, containing about 30
21:26billion stars with a dynamic star-forming region called the Tarantula Nebula, which we will be cruising through shortly.
21:34Of course, if there is a large Magellanic Cloud, there must be a small Magellanic Cloud, SMC.
21:41And, there it is, below and to the left of the LMC.
21:46The Milky Way will eventually ingest both dwarf galaxies.
21:50Some prefer the word accreted, but the result is the same.
21:53If you use your tinted glasses again, you can see that the LMC has stripped away a tremendous amount of
22:00gas from the SMC, as they have interacted gravitationally over millions of years.
22:06Hey, I know all about gas.
22:08Now, we're heading out of the Milky Way to a distance of about 50 kiloparsecs.
22:14That's 50,000 parsecs, or about 163,000 light-years.
22:19So, what's a parsec?
22:20No, it's not slang for pair of socks.
22:25A parsec is about 3.26 light-years.
22:28A light-year is about 5.88 trillion miles.
22:31The word parsec is a combination of two words, parallax and second.
22:37Parallax is the shift an object seems to make when viewed from two different perspectives.
22:42Looking at an object with your left eye and then your right eye, you'll see the object appear to shift.
22:48That's parallax.
22:49When an astronomical object is photographed with the Earth on one side of the Sun, and then again six months
22:56later on the other side of the Sun, the shift is measurable in degrees of arc, or minutes of arc,
23:02or seconds of arc, down to milliseconds of arc.
23:05That's a parsec, a parallax of one arc second, which turns out to be 3.26 light-years.
23:13Hey, what about a Joan of Arc?
23:15That's how you measure distances in France.
23:18Ha ha!
23:19Meanwhile, since you can't measure a light-year with a ruler or a tape measure, parsecs are the scientific way
23:25of telling the distance to a star or intergalactic object.
23:29The greater the parallax, the closer the object is.
23:32The smaller the parallax, the farther away it is.
23:37Now, straight ahead, in the heart of the Tarantula Nebula, is the R136 star cluster.
23:43Within a distance of one light-year, there are over 40 stars each, with a mass over 50 times that
23:50of the Sun.
23:50Wow!
23:51Comparatively, there isn't a single other star within four light-years of our home star, Saul.
23:57And that's a good thing.
23:59You can see supernova 1987A at about 2 o'clock high.
24:04A blue giant star 100,000 times brighter than the Sun experienced a core implosion, resulting in a type 2
24:13supernova 100 million times brighter than the Sun.
24:16It has left behind a neutron star, clouded in dust and gas, and a wildly spectacular display of fireworks.
24:26Now, 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud is the closest supernova to Earth since 1604, which happened in the Milky
24:34Way about 20,000 light-years from Earth.
24:37It was visible in the daytime for about two weeks or so.
24:42After 1987A went supernova because it was a blue giant star, speculation has increased that the blue giant star Rigel,
24:51the foot star of the constellation Orion, might go supernova in the not-too-distant future, or already has gone
24:58supernova.
25:00Rigel is approximately 860 light-years from Earth, so anything that happens to Rigel would take about 860 years before
25:09it would be noticed on Earth.
25:12Supernova 1987A ejected the heavy elements, like cobalt, nickel, and iron, and lighter silicates into the Torrentula Nebula, where they
25:20will form the basic building blocks of stars and planets.
25:24Our server is now offering space-themed snacks.
25:28May I recommend the Jupiter cotton candy puffs for the children on board?
25:32Remember, I know all about gas.
25:36Our next stop is the Andromeda galaxy and environs.
25:40Notice its halo as we leave the Milky Way and its 300 billion stars behind.
25:46As many as 150 globular clusters reside in the galactic halo.
25:52They orbit down and through the galactic disk and contain some of the oldest stars in the universe.
25:57How they got here, in our home galaxy, is a matter of intense study.
26:03You will notice NGC 6822, an irregular dwarf galaxy off to the starboard.
26:10NGC stands for New General Catalog of Astronomical Objects.
26:15Now, you'd think there'd have been an old general catalog, but there wasn't.
26:19It was just a new catalog.
26:22There is, however, a revised New General Catalog, which astronomers refer to regularly.
26:28Clears that up, huh?
26:30As we pass NGC 6822, you'll notice a magnetic bar beginning to form and bright patches of new star formation.
26:39This galaxy was discovered in 1884 by E.E. Barnard and is also called Barnard's Galaxy.
26:47Mr. Barnard was quite an astronomical observer.
26:50He has a crater on the moon named for him, one on Mars, an area on Jupiter's moon Ganymede,
26:57a minor planet, number 819 Bernardania, and the star with the fastest movement across the sky, Bernard Star.
27:06Now, not too many people have their name emblazoned across space, as has Edward Emerson Barnard.
27:14Approaching the giant Andromeda galaxy with its trillion stars,
27:18we will skirt above its western edge and visit one of the enormous galaxy's dwarf companion galaxies,
27:25M110 or NGC 205.
27:28Yes, it also has two designations.
27:31Hey, take your pick.
27:33The first of its kind, a dwarf spheroidal galaxy of about 3.5 billion solar masses,
27:39M110 or NGC 205, if you wish, has eight globular clusters near its core.
27:46It, too, will be swallowed, or accreted if you prefer, by the Andromeda galaxy.
27:51It may have already been stripped of much of its stars and gas,
27:55a point highlighted by M110's general lack of star formation.
27:59Everybody having fun yet?
28:02And now, our final stop, M33, the Triangulum Galaxy,
28:08the third and last spiral galaxy of our local group.
28:12Located in the small constellation of Triangulum, Latin for triangle, good guess,
28:19M33 is about half the size of the Milky Way.
28:22The Triangulum Galaxy is 2.7 million light-years from Earth,
28:26but it is much closer to the Andromeda galaxy and moving towards it.
28:32If two spiral galaxies collide, it may alter the course of the Andromeda galaxy
28:37and prevent the predicted collision with the Milky Way.
28:40Well, let's hope so.
28:42Now, this important message.
28:44We will serve dinner on our return trip to Earth.
28:47There's a choice of chicken or fish.
28:49We hope you have enjoyed the tour.
28:51Hey, if you fill out our survey and give us five stars, you can also have dessert.