00:00and here's the kicker this decision effectively created a program built around two upper stages
00:05instead of putting all resources into a single powerful upper stage they developed the icps
00:11as an interim solution and in parallel the eus as a long-term solution that cost time and money
00:18which was probably even intentional because they are still working with cost plus contracts here
00:23so the slower and more expensive it gets the more the contractors earn but far worse than
00:29the costs and the wasted time is a problem created by it that still has repercussions to this day
00:36because the result is this artemis 1 flew unmanned with the icps artemis 2 will fly manned also with
00:44the icps that means they had the opportunity to test the upper stage unmanned under real conditions
00:50at least once before putting a crew on it for artemis 2 and 3. artemis 4 will be the first
00:57mission
00:58with the new exploration upper stage and this is where it gets tricky the first crewed mission
01:03mission with the eus will also be its very first flight ever
