00:00In the history of the French Parliament, a "boîte" is a member of parliament responsible for voting on behalf of their colleagues during ballots.
00:05audiences, whether they are absent or present.
00:07This informal function, exercised through the possession of boxes of ballot papers printed in the names of other colleagues,
00:13increases the influence of certain elected officials in the functioning of the Chamber.
00:16The voting system developed primarily in the Chamber of Deputies under the Third Republic, and was transformed under the
00:22Fourth Republic,
00:23then disappears with the reaffirmation of the personal nature of parliamentary voting by the French Constitution of October 4, 1958 and
00:31the introduction of electronic voting in the National Assembly in 1959.
