- 2 days ago
البرد ليس نهاية الحديقة، بل قد يكون بداية أقوى لربيعك. يشرح هذا الفيديو لماذا يزرع بعض البستانيين الأذكياء 12 محصولاً في الشتاء، وكيف يمكن للبرد أن يساعد البذور على الاستيقاظ في الوقت الصحيح بدلًا من تدليلها داخل المنزل.
تتعرف على طريقتين بسيطتين للزراعة الشتوية: أوعية بلاستيكية شفافة تعمل كبيوت صغيرة للمحاصيل الورقية والكرنب، وزراعة مباشرة في التربة للجذور والأعشاب التي تكره النقل. من الكرنب الأجعد والخس والسبانخ والجرجير إلى الجزر الأبيض والشمندر والبقدونس والشبت، ثم زهرتي القنفذية واللاركسبير، يركز الشرح على محاصيل الحديقة المنزلية التي تستفيد من البرد والصبر.
كما يوضح متى تبدأ الزراعة، ومتى يكون الصقيع مستقراً، ولماذا يساعد المهاد في حماية البذور من تقلبات الطقس. إذا كنت تبحث عن winter gardening، cold stratification، direct sowing، container growing، vegetable gardening أو tips for growing crops in winter، فهذا شرح عملي ومفيد للبستانيين الذين يريدون حديقة خضروات منتجة حتى في أشهر البرد.
تتعرف على طريقتين بسيطتين للزراعة الشتوية: أوعية بلاستيكية شفافة تعمل كبيوت صغيرة للمحاصيل الورقية والكرنب، وزراعة مباشرة في التربة للجذور والأعشاب التي تكره النقل. من الكرنب الأجعد والخس والسبانخ والجرجير إلى الجزر الأبيض والشمندر والبقدونس والشبت، ثم زهرتي القنفذية واللاركسبير، يركز الشرح على محاصيل الحديقة المنزلية التي تستفيد من البرد والصبر.
كما يوضح متى تبدأ الزراعة، ومتى يكون الصقيع مستقراً، ولماذا يساعد المهاد في حماية البذور من تقلبات الطقس. إذا كنت تبحث عن winter gardening، cold stratification، direct sowing، container growing، vegetable gardening أو tips for growing crops in winter، فهذا شرح عملي ومفيد للبستانيين الذين يريدون حديقة خضروات منتجة حتى في أشهر البرد.
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LifestyleTranscript
00:00Let me tell you something that will sound like foolishness until you have done it once, and then you will
00:06never go back.
00:07The best time to plant a good many of your spring crops is not the spring at all.
00:12It is right now, in the dead of winter, with the ground hard and the snow coming on.
00:18You sow the seed into the cold, you walk away, and you let the winter itself do a work that
00:25no warm windowsill and no grow light and no heated seed tray can do half so well.
00:32And come spring, those seeds come up stronger, hardier, and weeks ahead of anything the fellow down the road is
00:40fussing over on his windowsill.
00:42No sun lamp, no heat mat, no daily tending, just the seed and the cold and a bit of patience.
00:51Most folk have this exactly backward.
00:54They think the seed must be coddled, kept warm, kept indoors, protected from the cold like a sick child.
01:03And for a few tender things, the tomato and the pepper, that is true.
01:07But for a great many of the hardy crops, the cold is not the enemy.
01:13The cold is the key that unlocks the seed.
01:17Deny them that cold, and some of them will not come up at all.
01:21Today I am going to give you twelve crops you can sow in the teeth of winter, and the two
01:27plain ways to do it,
01:29and by the end you will see the cold months as planting time instead of dead time.
01:35I gathered the whole of it into a book at EliasYoder.com.
01:40The book is the long version.
01:43If you want it, it is there.
01:45I will not mention it again.
01:47So here is why it works, plain as I can say it.
01:51A seed is not a fool.
01:53It will not sprout the moment it touches soil,
01:57or every seed that fell in autumn would come up in October and freeze dead by November.
02:03No, a hardy seed knows to wait.
02:07It lies there in the cold ground all winter, sleeping,
02:11and the long cold is the very thing that tells it winter is truly passing and spring is truly coming.
02:19That is the seed's own calendar, and it is a surer one than any almanac.
02:25Some seeds will scarcely come up at all until they have felt a good long stretch of cold first.
02:32So when you sow in winter, you are not fighting nature.
02:37You are doing exactly what nature does every autumn when a wild plant drops its own seed on the cold
02:44ground,
02:45and it lies there till spring.
02:47Only you are the one choosing the spot and the kind and the row.
02:52Every weed that greens up in your garden come spring was winter sown by nobody at all.
03:00You are only doing on purpose what the whole living world does without a thought.
03:06The seed sleeps through the cold, and the very morning the soil warms enough in spring,
03:13it wakes and leaps up hardy and early, needing no coddling because it was never coddled to begin with.
03:21Now there is one plain warning, and it is the whole hinge of the thing, so hear it well.
03:28You must do this only when the cold has truly set in to stay,
03:33when it is reliably below freezing and staying there, not in a mild spell.
03:39For if you sow, and then a warm week comes,
03:43the seed will wake too early, sprout tender,
03:46and the next hard freeze will kill it dead.
03:50So wait for the real cold, the settled cold,
03:54the cold that is not going anywhere until spring.
03:58In the colder country, that is somewhere from the heart of winter on through its tail.
04:04Sow into that, and the seed sleeps safe until the season truly turns.
04:10There are two ways to do it, and I will give you both.
04:14The first is for the leafy crops and the cabbages,
04:17and it is a little covered garden you make from any clear vessel you have about the place.
04:23The old way would be a pane of glass over a wooden box,
04:27a little cold frame, and that works yet.
04:30But the simplest thing is a clear jug,
04:34the kind water or milk comes in.
04:36You cut it near all the way round, a third of the way up,
04:40leaving a hinge at the back so it opens like a lid.
04:44You fill the bottom with a few inches of plain potting soil,
04:48and here is the thing most get wrong.
04:51You do not soak it, and you do not sow warm.
04:56You sow your seed into that soil,
04:59press it gentle, close the lid,
05:01and bind it shut with a bit of tape.
05:04You leave the cap off the top, mind,
05:06so the rain and snow can get in,
05:08and the air can breathe.
05:10And you set it outside, in the cold,
05:12in a spot sheltered from the worst wind,
05:15but open to the sky.
05:17Do not tuck it in a greenhouse,
05:19or against a warm wall, mind,
05:21for that would wake the seed too soon,
05:24which is the one thing we are at pains to avoid.
05:27Set several of them together in a cluster if you have them,
05:31for a huddle of jugs steadies the cold
05:34better than one standing alone against the weather.
05:37That clear jug is a tiny greenhouse.
05:40It holds off the killing wind,
05:42lets the light and the wet in,
05:44and come spring, it warms a touch early inside,
05:48and your seedlings come up safe within their little glass house,
05:52already hardened to the outdoors,
05:55needing no fussy move from windowsill to garden.
05:58Come the late winter,
06:01you peel the tape back now and again to look,
06:04and if the soil has gone dry,
06:06you sprinkle a little water in,
06:08but not before,
06:09for wet and warm together
06:11is what wakes a seed early.
06:14The crops for that first way
06:16are your spring leafy classics
06:19and the cabbage kin.
06:21Kale first,
06:22for it is hardy as iron,
06:24and the cold only sweetens it,
06:26and it comes up so reliable from a winter jug
06:29that it is the one I would have a beginner start with.
06:32Then lettuce,
06:34the hardy sorts,
06:35and there is an old winter lettuce
06:37named for the four seasons
06:38that is made for exactly this.
06:42Spinach next,
06:43and folk will tell you spinach cannot be moved
06:46from where it sprouts,
06:47but that is not so.
06:49It transplants fine from a winter jug
06:51if you lift it young
06:53with a bit of soil about the root.
06:56Arugula,
06:57that peppery green,
06:58takes to it readily
06:59and grows so quick
07:01you will have it on your plate
07:03while the ground outside
07:04is still half frozen.
07:06And then cabbage,
07:08which I am especially glad of in this method,
07:11for cabbage is slow
07:12and wants a long season,
07:14so getting it up weeks early in a jug
07:17gives you a firm, round head
07:19long before the summer heat can trouble it.
07:23Now a word on sowing these in the jug.
07:26You may set a few seeds careful and spaced
07:29if you want just a plant or two,
07:31or you may scatter a good pinch across the soil,
07:35let them all come up thick in spring,
07:38and then lift them apart gentle,
07:40one by one,
07:41to set out,
07:42what the old gardeners called pricking out.
07:46Scatter if you want many,
07:48space them if you want few.
07:51Those five,
07:52the kale,
07:53the lettuce,
07:53the spinach,
07:54the arugula,
07:55and the cabbage,
07:56are your jug crops.
07:59Now the second way is even simpler,
08:01for some crops
08:02do not want to be moved at all.
08:05They send down a root
08:06that hates to be disturbed,
08:08and if you start them in a jug
08:10and transplant them,
08:11you set them back
08:12or ruin them outright.
08:15These you sow straight into the ground in winter,
08:18right where they are to grow,
08:20and let the cold work on them in place.
08:23The old folk had a word
08:24for what the cold does to such seed.
08:27They said it needed to take the frost
08:30before it would stir,
08:31and they were right.
08:33The crops for that second way
08:35are the roots and a few others.
08:38Beets,
08:38which can be moved
08:40but would far rather not be,
08:41do best sown straight in the bed
08:44where they are to swell.
08:46Carrots the same,
08:47and more so,
08:48for a carrot's taproot
08:50will not forgive
08:51being lifted and set again.
08:53It will fork and twist in protest,
08:56so a carrot is always sown
08:58where it stands.
09:00Parsnips above all,
09:02for the parsnip is a slow,
09:04stubborn,
09:05aggravating seed
09:06that takes near three weeks
09:08to show even in good conditions,
09:10and sowing it in winter
09:12and letting it come on its own in spring
09:14saves you the whole vexation.
09:18Then parsley and dill,
09:20two herbs that are slow
09:21and aggravating to start in the warm,
09:24but come up far better
09:26for having sat through the cold.
09:28Parsley most of all,
09:29for parsley seed is famous
09:31for taking its sweet time
09:33and a winter sowing settles it.
09:37That is five more,
09:38and I will give you the last two
09:40from the flower side,
09:42for a garden wants flowers
09:44as much as food.
09:46There is the cone flower,
09:48the one the old people kept
09:49for its roots
09:50and the bees loved,
09:51and it simply will not come up
09:54without a good long cold first.
09:56And the larkspur,
09:58the tall blue spires,
10:00the same,
10:01no cold,
10:02no flower.
10:04So those two in the fall
10:06or the hard winter,
10:07and they come up in spring
10:09when nothing else will,
10:10and the bees will thank you for them
10:12when they bloom.
10:15There are your twelve,
10:16the five in jugs,
10:18the five sown direct,
10:20and the two flowers
10:21for the bees
10:22and the beauty of the thing.
10:24And this is no short list
10:26of oddities, mind.
10:27It is the backbone
10:28of a spring garden.
10:30The greens and the roots
10:31and the herbs
10:32a family actually eats,
10:34all of them got going
10:36weeks early
10:36for no cost
10:38and almost no labor.
10:40For that direct sowing,
10:42the rule is the same as ever.
10:44Wait until the ground is cold
10:46but still workable,
10:48which is to say
10:49you can still push a finger
10:51or a fork into it,
10:52not frozen to stone.
10:55Sow the seed a touch
10:56deeper than the packet says,
10:58cover it well,
10:59and then lay a good blanket
11:01of mulch over the top,
11:02straw or chopped leaves,
11:04a few inches of it.
11:06That mulch is doing
11:07the same work as the jug.
11:10It buffers the seed
11:11from the wild swings
11:12of a false spring,
11:14holds the cold steady,
11:16and keeps a too warm day
11:18from waking the seed
11:19before its proper time.
11:22Then you walk away
11:23and you let the winter
11:25do the planting for you.
11:27And let me be straight with you
11:29on what to expect,
11:30for I would not have you fret
11:32in March
11:33when nothing shows.
11:35These seeds will not come up
11:37in the winter
11:37and they are not meant to.
11:39They will sit,
11:41looking like nothing at all,
11:43through all the cold weeks,
11:44and you may be sure
11:46you have failed.
11:48You have not.
11:49They are sleeping,
11:51just as they ought.
11:52They wake on their own clock
11:54when the ground has warmed
11:56in its own good time
11:58and not a day before,
12:00which is the whole beauty of it,
12:02for they cannot be fooled
12:03into coming up too early
12:05the way your coddled
12:06indoor seedlings can.
12:09The one thing that can rob you
12:11is a long, strange, warm winter
12:14with no settled cold at all,
12:16for then the hardy seed
12:18that needs its cold
12:20may never get enough of it
12:21to stir.
12:23If your winters run mild,
12:25lean harder on the jugs,
12:27which hold the cold
12:28a little steadier,
12:29and so in the coldest stretch
12:31you get.
12:33My grandfather never owned
12:35a seed tray,
12:36nor a grow light,
12:37nor a heated anything.
12:38What he had was the knowledge
12:41of when to trust the cold.
12:44I remember him in the dead
12:46of a hard winter
12:47walking the frozen edge
12:49of the garden,
12:50dropping parsnip
12:51and larkspur seed
12:52into a shallow drill
12:53with his cold red hands
12:55and raking a little frozen
12:57crumb of soil over it.
12:59I asked him why he did not
13:01wait for spring
13:02like a sensible man.
13:04He straightened up slow
13:06and he said,
13:06The cold is not wasting
13:09my seed, boy,
13:10it is keeping it,
13:11and it will plant it
13:12better than I ever could
13:14the day the ground turns.
13:17Come spring,
13:19his parsnips
13:19and his flowers
13:20were up and thriving
13:21while the neighbors
13:22were still soaking seed
13:24on the kitchen sill.
13:26I did not understand him then.
13:28I understand him now.
13:31So here is who gains
13:33by you believing a seed
13:35must be coddled warm indoors.
13:38The folk who sell
13:39the heated seed mats gain,
13:41and the grow lights,
13:43and the special trays,
13:44and the warming cables,
13:46a whole shelf of gear
13:47sold to do a job
13:49the free winter does better.
13:52It is not that anyone
13:53schemed it so.
13:55It is only that a thing
13:56you must buy
13:57gets remembered and sold,
13:59and a thing the weather
14:00does for nothing
14:01gets forgotten.
14:03No one coordinated it.
14:05It just rolled on
14:07by itself,
14:08season upon season,
14:10until folk forgot
14:11the oldest planting trick
14:13there is,
14:13which is simply
14:14to trust the cold.
14:17Now tell me this
14:18in the comments.
14:19What is the lowest
14:21your winter gets
14:22where you are?
14:23For that tells you
14:24whether your cold
14:25is settled enough
14:26to sow into,
14:27and when.
14:28And tell me as well
14:30which of the twelve
14:31you would try first,
14:32the jug greens,
14:34or the direct sown roots,
14:36for I would know
14:37which way my neighbors
14:38are leaning.
14:40Next time,
14:41I will show you
14:41how to build
14:42the proper cold frame,
14:43the glass-topped box
14:45my grandmother
14:46kept against the wall,
14:47which does this same work
14:49and keeps you
14:50in fresh greens besides.
14:52But for now,
14:53go look at the hard
14:54winter ground
14:55you thought was dead
14:56and see it
14:57for what it truly is,
14:59a planting bed
15:00just waiting on you.
15:03The people who built
15:04this country
15:05with their hands
15:06knew that,
15:06and we are only
15:08just starting
15:08to remember it.