00:00When we get a bacterial infection, whether it is urinary tract infection, food poisoning
00:04or a more serious bloodstream infection, we usually turn to antibiotics.
00:07We rely on them to make us better.
00:09But what happens when the medicines we depend on stop working?
00:14Antibiotic resistance is when bugs can't get treated with the medicines anymore that
00:19we usually use to treat them.
00:21And the problem is that the amounts of bacteria and infections that are becoming resistant
00:27to these drugs is increasing across human health and animal health as well.
00:33In the European Union, around 35,000 people die every year as a result of infections caused
00:37by resistant bacteria.
00:39And the problem is expected to get worse.
00:41A study published in The Lancet estimates that between 2025 and 2050, antimicrobial resistance
00:46could directly cause around 39 million deaths worldwide.
00:50So what can happen when there's a multi-drug resistant bacteria is that combinations of
00:55drugs are being used.
00:57And in a very small percentage, those don't work either.
01:01So the difficulty is for the small part of the population that those combinations don't
01:07work and they have a multi-drug resistant bug in them, then unfortunately some people
01:12will die.
01:13It is estimated that around 70% of cases of infections with resistant bacteria are healthcare-associated
01:19infections.
01:19Like most infections or bugs, they affect people that are in hospital most because their own
01:28immune system and health system doesn't work as well as the general population.
01:32And usually this is in people that are either very young or very old or that have some type
01:38of other medicine like chemotherapy for cancer that stops their immune system working.
01:44But what is driving this growing threat?
01:45The overuse and misuse of antibiotics is an important factor, but the problem goes far
01:50beyond the medicines we take.
01:52Antibiotics used in livestock, poor sanitation and environmental pollution can all contribute
01:56to the spread of resistant bacteria.
01:59Antibiotics were also essentially mined from soil bacteria and fungi.
02:05So antibiotics are a natural component of our environment.
02:09And that means resistance is also, and this isn't a bad thing, it's part of the environment,
02:15but it's the movement that we need to understand then as well.
02:19And this happens because it moves from one of those areas to another.
02:24So from animals to the environment, from the environment to humans.
02:29The nice thing is that there are many different ways to kill bacteria and these bugs.
02:34And there's also ways to protect ourselves.
02:36So vaccines are really effective because they protect the entire population.
02:42Vaccines can help prevent infections in the first place.
02:44That means fewer people need antibiotics, reducing opportunities for resistance to develop and spread.
02:50According to the World Health Organization, better use of vaccines could reduce global
02:54antibiotic consumption by 2.5 billion doses every year.
02:58The second I would say that most people are probably not aware of is staying healthy.
03:03And this is really, really important.
03:06The healthier you are into the older age stage, the better it is.
03:11The less likely it is you will need those antibiotics.
03:13Bacteria will also fight bacteria.
03:16And if we have our own bacteria system within our body that's really healthy,
03:22then they can help fight infection as well.
03:25The fight against superbugs is not just about finding the next antibiotic.
03:28It's about making sure we need fewer of them in the first place.
03:31So it doesn't necessarily need to be a new antibiotic or a new type of medicine that we find,
03:38although that would be very helpful and very good.
03:40But it's also finding new vaccines, finding ways to treat our waste,
03:46finding ways to ensure that our animals are healthy in terms of our food chain.
03:50And this is called the milyle Okay,
03:51so丁 way of running around.
03:51And this is a problem.
03:51the hard Nelson and everything that doesn't help us under there.
03:52Make sure that we can soit educated.score.
03:53It's one
03:53of them doing our uses of droughts.
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