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00:00Okay, so let's wrap up this wonderful chapter, this lesson on hermeneutics.
00:12As you can see, it's really very important, because not knowing about it and not taking it into account
00:19These principles that we have been discussing, as we determined, can lead to mistakes
00:25Serious, right? So, we're really going to encounter a mixed message, which on the one hand
00:33It's historical, it's real, it's historical, but at the same time it's theological, right? So, that's why,
00:39In addition to literary genres, we must keep in mind, and be very clear about, that the Bible is composed
00:46of writings that are not strictly historical. I don't have a history book here. I have a
00:55book of salvation, the history of salvation, and therefore, it has to have a composite
01:03theological, which is what guides us throughout our reading, even though it also has elements
01:13historical, but they are the ones that serve as the basis for shaping theology. That's why it's so important
01:22to realize where it is historical, that is, where the author is talking about a specific event, and where
01:29The author has gone further and generated a theology from a story. This is especially true.
01:38in San Juan. It is the one that does it the most and the one that is most used in the genre of theology.
01:43But this isn't unique to Juan. It's true of all authors. As I said, what the author saw is one thing.
01:54or the authors, and then how that story is told. With an understanding of the mystery that the spirit
02:05It instills in the person, generally the agiographer, the one who will write. It makes him understand certain
02:12things within what he saw, and then he understands and expresses it. An example of this mixed composition.
02:21of elements, we find it, for example, in the text of the Gospel of Saint Luke, in its first two
02:27chapters. The specialists point out that they certainly contain historical elements that,
02:35As the author himself says, he obtained it from eyewitnesses. It is certainly a historical account.
02:43Let us remember that Luke was found by Paul on one of his apostolic journeys and joined the work
02:50Paul's preaching was already well underway. So Luke wasn't a witness to Jesus, but he became
02:57to report those who had had direct contact with all the events that he had heard about
03:03to his teacher Paul. In the texts of these two chapters, it is clear that there is a theological aspect to
03:11author and it is also seen that there is a participation of stories that he surely found in the community
03:18On the one hand, and on the other hand, many authors think that some part as well, although it is assumed
03:24which is minimal, from the Blessed Virgin Mary. Most of it must have been obtained from the
03:30Christian community. All this while he was building his Gospel. Another example is the
03:38The massacre of the children by Herod. This appears in Matthew. Many people think there were hundreds.
03:44of children and not passive, when in reality we could be talking about a few. If we review the
03:52In this context, they would be those who had been born in the last two years, before the visit of the Magi.
03:59especially in a small village or town called Bethlehem. It was a village and all its surroundings.
04:06So, let's see, how many children could have been born at that time? We're really talking about no
04:16many children. The relevance of this event to world history would certainly be revealed
04:23completely unnoticed. It wouldn't appear in any newspaper. It's a historical fact that considers the
04:31The author was a timely figure in delivering a theological message. What was important for the author was to highlight how Herod
04:41He showed his anger to such an extent that he ordered all the children killed so that he would die with them.
04:49The future king. Obviously, what happened? He pushed the Holy Family to leave Bethlehem, and from there
04:58They went to Egypt. Thus, all the events that we now know took place, and with which they
05:07would develop God's plan for us. Because in the Gospel, in Matthew's vision,
05:15He will present Jesus as the new Messiah who comes from Egypt, the exodus from Egypt.
05:22Another example, in the opposite sense to the one we mentioned earlier, can be found in the
05:29crucifixion narrated by the evangelist Saint Matthew, in chapter 27. In this chapter, in verse 45,
05:37says,
05:37Very well, what does it tell us? Was there an eclipse? Or what is it? This thing that the sacred text tells us about the
05:56The earth was plunged into darkness before the death of Christ; we can see that it has no
06:02Scientific evidence that testifies that this physically occurred. This is a theological fact.
06:09which speaks of nothing else but the last plague of Egypt. If we read chapter 10 of
06:19In Exodus, we will find the last plague in verses 21 and 20. Before the last plague, which is the
06:27The death of the firstborn tells us that the whole land was plunged into darkness. It is the final plague.
06:36The darkness over Egypt. Well, before the death of the firstborn. That is to say, there is a fact
06:43The theological point that Matthew makes is the death of the firstborn, who is Jesus, who is going to die as
06:51sign of Easter. So, based on that theological element, considering that Matthew writes for the
07:00Jews who fully understand this tradition understand it clearly to us. Here in the West,
07:07So we're stuck on Snow White. In other words, there hasn't been a shortage of authors; it's just fallen to me to discover them.
07:15Right? They're the heretics, aren't they? Saying it was a flying saucer. My God. Even that.
07:23They even go so far as to say: People who don't know theology, who read the Bible to fools and then interpret it.
07:33I recommend that you don't watch anything by this Benítez guy who wrote that horse series.
07:40From Troy. Pure lies. Nothing to do with it. Because it makes a completely wrong interpretation.
07:47It has no hermeneutics. It creates its own hermeneutics, even inventing extraterrestrials. Imagine that.
07:53You. Well, this happens. That's why it's so important to study the Bible and to study it with you.
07:59Someone who knows. It is very important in our study to know the historical and cultural contexts.
08:07social and religious backgrounds of the intended audience. And not only that, but also of the writers,
08:14This will help us better understand what the author meant.
08:20I was talking with the director of the Bible School, our director, and I was telling them, I'm reading
08:25Right now there's a very interesting book about the whole context of Saint Paul's life, his own life,
08:32of his relationship with the Gentiles, with the pagans, with the Jews, his birth,
08:38Anyway. A series of elements that, as I read it, I think, wow, that explains why it says...
08:43This is what the other person says, and rightly so. And then I can begin to understand within a very clear context.
08:48what Saint Paul is trying to tell me in his letter or letters.
08:53This brings us to a brief discussion; we could talk about this a little more, but let's keep it brief.
09:00of the types of Bibles. To conclude, I would like you to know that an important element, and one that is part of
09:12The key to hermeneutics is choosing the right text with which we will make our own interpretation.
09:18study. It does not only deal with the problem of translation from Aramaic to Greek or from Hebrew to Greek
09:25and to Latin, but from the modern translation that these languages, that these translations have made into Spanish
09:34and into other languages. That is why we must use appropriate Bibles. They generally exist, if we could find them.
09:44Identify three types of Bibles. There are Bibles called literal Bibles. These are Bibles in which
09:51We have the text that most closely adheres to the Greek text, such as the Jerusalem Bible. It's more difficult.
10:00Bibles would be better for someone more involved in pastoral work.
10:07Pastoral translations are those that, in their translation, have sought to provide an interpretation of the text. It is already a
10:16interpretation. For example, the Latin American Bible, which, as its name indicates, is an interpretation
10:23the text was adapted by the editors so that people in Latin America could understand it. In other words,
10:30It uses our expressions, situations that more or less approximate the originals. In this way,
10:37so that people can better understand and appropriate the ideas in order to understand and live by them.
10:45Without going into further details, it's not a Bible for study because it won't generally lead us there.
10:53to complete conclusions. Because it has already been interpreted. Not in its entirety, but in the parts that we
11:01It would be interesting at some point to delve deeper. And there are still others, which are the contextual ones.
11:09They seek to adhere to the text as closely as possible. They also offer a current pastoral perspective.
11:18For example, among other Bibles of this type we have the Dios habla hoy (God Speaks Today) and the Biblia de América (Bible of America).
11:24In other words, they are, if they are attached, but with their notes and other elements they give us a slightly different perspective
11:32wider. They are also not the best for studying. They are Bibles generally used for preaching and
11:40It's also useful for our formation and for prayer. For exegetical study, it's recommended to use
11:48Literal Bibles. There are Catholic ones, there are Protestant ones, there are Bibles in all languages, so that we can
11:57To extract from our study what God wants to tell us in each passage. There are some Bibles that say
12:06Direct translation. That is, there is no interpretation, it simply is; they are generally in English.
12:15But it gives us a pretty clear idea of the essence, of where the word comes from. If we don't have a Bible
12:24Interlinear, a direct translation Bible can serve us very well to be able to do a better exegesis,
12:32Having a close translation, right? A Jerusalem Bible, for example. This will allow us
12:39to get a little closer to what Jesus or the authors meant in the texts. If we don't know
12:48Greek and Hebrew, since it is convenient to have a series of texts, different Bibles,
12:56different tools that allow us to delve a little deeper into the context and above all to study
13:03A little more also the contextual theme in which they were written and where this idea comes from. Why?
13:12Because the authors wrote with their own thoughts. Luke, being Greek, had a Greek mindset.
13:24He was a pagan who converted and from that conversion he now writes. If we look at Matthew's Bible,
13:32Matthew was a Hebrew, and Matthew heard Jesus preach. In fact, it is said that the first Bible ever written was written by him.
13:39It would be a Bible in Hebrew, which we don't have; it hasn't reached us. However, some Church Fathers
13:45They say they saw it at some point there in Jerusalem, written by a Jew for Jews
13:53in the Hebrew language. It has not reached us. However, it is believed that this volume, which would be like a Pentateuch,
14:00It consisted of five volumes, which would be the five books of the Pentateuch, which we can truly distinguish today.
14:07in the study within Matthew. So, it's very important that we keep this in mind. That's why I'm telling you,
14:15I'm currently studying a book that isn't by Matthew, but by Paul, which I've heard is very much in line with his teachings.
14:22from the Pauline nuns and also from John, which is where I've read the most from different texts. In short,
14:29To wrap up our class, it's important to have a good Bible for study.
14:36like the Jerusalem Bible, try to get a transliterated Bible, if possible,
14:43Having access also to, for example, a Bible like God Speaks Today, or I would prefer to say the Bible
14:50from America, to have a collection of texts from where you can see different translations
14:57and from there you can get closer. Now, if you have the transliterated version, even better. And if you have a
15:05And if you know English and have other tools, all the better. But hey, if you only have...
15:12Well, if you're saving up, first buy yourself a Jerusalem Bible, it's not expensive.
15:17cheap, and then, well, get yourself, in the place of that, well, a stereotypical Bible that speaks today, which costs like
15:26100 pesos, right? Because it's a Bible that's sponsored by the Mexican Episcopal Conference.
15:31So, there's a contribution, and that makes it much cheaper. Or if you have a little more
15:37Just kidding, well, look at the Bible of the Americas, which is much better, with better commentaries. And well, from there, there's a
15:43Father Shekel's Bible is excellent, it's really good. Another one that just came out recently, which is from here.
15:49From Monterrey, Carlos Junco's father. The People of God Bible is excellent. An incredible translation, too.
15:57Twenty specialists from across Latin America participated. So, it's truly worthwhile.
16:03Father Carlos Junco's Bible. Father Navarro's Bible. Incredible. Anyway, sorry. There are different ones.
16:12Bibles can be very, very useful. But, well, you have to invest in them. Anyone who wants to study the Bible,
16:22You have to invest in this, because it doesn't come directly from a text. All of this is needed.
16:27that we've been seeing, getting to know him and above all, well, taking a class like the one you're taking. And this
16:33It's just the introduction, the introduction to the New Testament. Another Bible that I...
16:43What was happening is the NIV Bible, which stands for New International Version.
16:48The new international version is also available in Spanish. It's excellent, one of the best I've seen.
16:54Why? Simple. Because 70 translators participated, including exegetes, biblical scholars, and several authors.
17:03Catholics. Sadly, the Catholic version hasn't been released yet, so...
17:11We can use them in the New Testament and in the books of the Old Testament, but we will be missing some.
17:17The books they excluded, and therefore aren't in that Bible. But it's worth having and worth the
17:25It's also worth having the NIV commentary. It's very worthwhile because for the New Testament it's
17:31Exactly the same. There's no change there. And the comments are very helpful because they're written by specialists.
17:41who don't usually lean towards a religious position, neither Catholic nor Protestant. So, well, then
17:53I think that with all this you will now have a clear vision of how valuable studying is and how valuable it is
18:01Get yourself a good Bible and, above all, continue with us so you can learn more about the fascinating world
18:09From the Bible. See you in our next class. Until then, may the Lord be with you.