- hace 1 año
Categoría
🛠️
Estilo de vidaTranscripción
00:00Okay, so continuing with our class, we're looking at this very interesting lesson on hermeneutics,
00:13everything we need to be able to delve deeper into what the authors wanted to tell us.
00:20Let's now look at the tools, the elements we need to be able to have a correct interpretation of Sacred Scripture.
00:31What are those elements that we need to know that are related to the text, such as, for example, the language in which it was written, the literary genres?
00:43And above all, keep in mind that the message they convey is a theological message, a theological message that unfolds within history.
00:55Therefore, it is very important to always keep these two elements in mind as hermeneutical elements.
01:02Speaking a little bit about the language of the New Testament, we know that the books of the New Testament were written in other times and in another culture.
01:11And besides, they are written in another language.
01:17Specifically, the New Testament is written in ancient Greek, which was called Koine or popular Greek, right?
01:25Which was generally spoken in the conquered villages, first by the Greeks and then by the Romans,
01:32Therefore, it was the language commonly spoken in the time of Jesus, throughout all of Israel.
01:37Just as we have today, for example, English, which is spoken regularly in many places,
01:44And we would know it as the language, let's say, so that we could do trade and for many other things,
01:50That's how the Greek was.
01:53And although Latin also invaded a large part, or even more part, than the Greek empire,
01:59but he did not manage to delve as deeply into the language as he did into Greek.
02:04Although Latin certainly, especially for us, because as the church moved to the capital, to Rome,
02:12Well, obviously from there it spread further and grew in the Latin language.
02:17This topic of languages presents the problem of knowing what Jesus actually said.
02:25Why?
02:27Because although Jesus did know Koine Greek,
02:34However, he preached in Aramaic, which was his native language.
02:38In other words, he wasn't going to preach in Greek.
02:39Aramaic is the language derived from Hebrew,
02:45But that was, again, the popular language spoken at the time,
02:50using their own idiomatic expressions, etc.
02:54And then, for example, we find the word Abba,
02:57with which Jesus refers to his father,
03:00which in Hebrew at that time meant "daddy".
03:04It's a term of endearment for father,
03:07As we would say in English, Dari,
03:10Or we'd say Pa, or daddy, something like that, right?
03:15This teaching has been preserved by tradition,
03:20being subsequently translated into Greek to be put into writing.
03:25In other words, this needed to be expanded to other cultures.
03:29In other words, he switched from Aramaic, which is what Jesus preached in,
03:34It then switches to Greek, which is the language we know,
03:38which is the one in the books.
03:40From the Greek, when he went to the church, especially to Rome,
03:44It was translated into Latin.
03:46Therefore, it also has contributions from this language,
03:50since Latin was the official language of the empire,
03:54which is where Christianity will develop.
03:56So, you see,
03:59The Bible we have comes from Aramaic,
04:04that is in the tradition.
04:06From there it moves to a text that is in Greek.
04:10And then from there it goes to Latin.
04:14So, you see, this whole chain is making
04:17that we need to thoroughly review this.
04:21From there, all the other translations were done.
04:24From Latin it was translated into Coptic or other languages of those regions.
04:30And so it was not until the last century that the biblical movement
04:34return to the sources of Hebrew and Greek.
04:39And that is why today we can say that the vast majority of Bibles,
04:42all the Bibles that are generally sold,
04:44The ones we have, we have them.
04:46And in the beginning comes the legend.
04:49Translated directly from the original languages.
04:52Hebrew for the Old Testament
04:54and Greek for the New Testament.
04:57These are the original languages, and these Bibles are translated from them.
05:01To penetrate the message more deeply,
05:05We need to have some knowledge of Greek.
05:08If we want to go inside.
05:09That helps us translate directly,
05:13Well, at least certain ideas from Christ's message.
05:17Which is obviously not easy.
05:20An Italian phrase has been coined that says,
05:23The translator is a translator.
05:26In other words, the translator will always be a traitor.
05:30Because?
05:31Because it fails to express itself correctly.
05:33So, between the Hebrew of Jesus and the Greek that was being inscribed,
05:40Well, we already have changes.
05:43And surely we have lost some elements since then.
05:48that have been acquired from Greek.
05:51And well, ultimately all of this is God's project.
05:55It's no coincidence that it's like this.
05:58All of this is part of a project
06:00that God is accomplishing in the life of the church.
06:05Just to illustrate the problem with these translations
06:08that have come down to us from Greek to Latin,
06:11I want to propose a small example taken from Luke 1:28.
06:15I think we've talked about this a little bit.
06:17Where the angel greets the Blessed Virgin Mary
06:20with the word Jaire.
06:23Which in Greek means joy.
06:25And that in the context of this verse from chapter 1 of Luke
06:31It is an imperative.
06:32In other words, rejoice.
06:35That is the expression with which the angel presents himself
06:38before our Blessed Mother.
06:41And it is known as the evangelical announcement to the Virgin Mary.
06:45Now, the word Jaire was translated by Saint Jerome,
06:50author of the Vulgate Bible,
06:51which is the Latin translation, like salve or ave.
06:57That is, a greeting given to the emperor.
07:00In other words, Saint Jerome assumes that the angel
07:05I just wanted to greet the Virgin Mary
07:07and sought to translate it by giving it a different context
07:11which Lucas was pursuing.
07:15Luke, who translated directly from the Hebrew,
07:18Well, try not to have an imperial greeting.
07:25That was not Lucas's idea when he wrote
07:29to greet our Blessed Mother.
07:32However, Saint Jerome, at that time,
07:35due to the lack of resources we have today,
07:38He didn't take into account that Lucas didn't just want to greet Maria,
07:42but to announce it through the message of messianic joy.
07:49In other words, rejoice Mary because the Messiah
07:52It will soon be a reality.
07:54Joy that came with the Messiah
07:57that would be conceived within her.
08:00This reaches us in the prayer of the Hail Mary
08:03and also of other prayers in which the angel's announcement
08:08It loses the characteristics sought by the author.
08:12Is there no bad faith?
08:14There is a misinterpretation of this word
08:17that Saint Jerome does and that reaches us.
08:20And obviously it would complicate things at a certain point.
08:24understanding what God is revealing to you
08:28not only to the Virgin, but particularly to us.
08:33To do a translation without the help of Greek
08:38We would continue as happened for centuries in the church
08:42handling the term Ave or Salve
08:46which is going to get even more complicated in Spanish
08:48where we're going to put Hail Mary.
08:52So, it complicates things even more because it says God greets you, Mary.
08:55Where did we get all this from?
08:58If you make an interpretation, if you are studying the Bible
09:02You're going to say
09:02Hey, where does it say Hail Mary?
09:05That's not there.
09:06Well, it isn't.
09:07Where does it come from?
09:08This is where it comes from.
09:10We use a tool
09:11that puts us back in sync
09:14the words with the context in which they were said
09:18and with the author's intention
09:20when he wrote and when he drank
09:23These words are for our knowledge.
09:27This shows the importance of knowing the original language
09:32and to see that behind the words
09:34There may be theological intentions.
09:37that cannot be overlooked
09:39and that needs to be studied in depth.
09:43Certainly, in the study that we will conduct
09:46and with the tools that we will normally have
09:49It's very possible we won't be able to do all of this
09:52or at least not all the words.
09:54A person who studies the Bible
09:57before studying the Bible
09:59has to master
10:00the Greek
10:02Hebrew
10:04and Latin.
10:05In Rome
10:06It is called the propaedeutic
10:08if you don't pass the preparatory course
10:09You cannot study the Bible
10:10because?
10:11Because you don't know Greek.
10:11nor Latin
10:12nor Hebrew
10:13So
10:14exactly
10:15for us
10:17Obviously that's not the case.
10:18A few elements are enough
10:20that we can take
10:20from other books
10:21whereby
10:23Well, I suggest
10:24if you're interested
10:26really delve deeper
10:27on this topic
10:28It is very important
10:30that you get a Bible
10:31with the New Testament
10:32in Greek
10:33that is to say
10:34in the original language
10:35if you get nothing more
10:37a document like that
10:39It's unlikely to be of any use to you.
10:41neither
10:41because you won't have
10:43the tool
10:44to unfold the Greek
10:45however
10:47nowadays
10:48There are some editions
10:50of the Bibles
10:51which are called
10:51bilingual
10:53that are in Greek
10:54and in Spanish
10:55but still
10:56There are others
10:58other editions
10:59that generally
11:01They have them
11:02the libraries
11:04and the bookstores
11:05of the separated brothers
11:06which is where it is
11:08interlinear
11:09is called
11:10so
11:12in these interlinears
11:14under each
11:15Greek expression
11:16we found the translation
11:19in Spanish
11:20in such a way
11:21that
11:22sometimes
11:23They are two words
11:24in Greek
11:25those who do
11:26a
11:27an interpretation
11:28towards Spanish
11:30or vice versa
11:31But you can keep an eye on it.
11:33the correlation
11:34and the important thing
11:35is that the expression
11:37It's accurate.
11:39and among other tools
11:40have
11:41above all
11:41tools that can be
11:43already electronic
11:44TRUE?
11:45there is one
11:45there is a
11:46a service
11:48which is great
11:49It's the one I have
11:50which is the best
11:51It's not cheap.
11:52TRUE?
11:53which is called
11:53Logos
11:54System
11:54there
11:56Well
11:57all the tools are there
11:59so
11:59You have an interlinear Bible
12:01and then
12:02you put
12:02Jaire
12:03TRUE?
12:04rejoice
12:04You tap there
12:06It's going to give you
12:06the original word
12:08How do you translate it?
12:10In what other contexts is it found?
12:12Where else is it used
12:13in the Bible?
12:14Then it happens to you
12:14to others
12:15to other elements
12:16most too
12:17obviously
12:18Well, it's in English.
12:20so
12:24at least
12:25if you like
12:26delve a little deeper
12:27You need to know English
12:29and gradually get used to it
12:30tools
12:31that help you
12:32so you can
12:33enter
12:34really
12:35to the Bible
12:37to the texts
12:38so
12:39It is very important
12:41that you have
12:43these Bibles
12:44certainly
12:44There are Bibles
12:46that
12:47well
12:48are
12:49better built
12:50less built
12:51but
12:52if you go
12:53to
12:54to want
12:54enter
12:55thoroughly
12:57well you have
12:58that have
12:59these tools
13:00And like I said
13:02most
13:02of these documents
13:04They are in English
13:05above all
13:06what is electronic
13:07and others in Italian
13:08in Mexico
13:10very difficult
13:11Mexico and Latin America
13:12if you're not watching
13:13some part of Latin America
13:14very difficult to obtain
13:16but
13:16Well
13:17I recommend
13:18This is the
13:18This is the channel
13:19now
13:20to continue studying
13:21with us
13:22I need to have it
13:23No
13:23We have them
13:25us
13:26in each lesson
13:28where we need them
13:29especially when we do
13:30the exercises
13:31already in the New Testament
13:33Well, we're going to realize it.
13:34that our teacher
13:36it tells us
13:37this word
13:38like right now
13:38I did it myself
13:39with the example of Jaire
13:40this word
13:41this and that
13:42and that was
13:43and that then
13:43This is the story
13:44that I have had
13:44but in Greek
13:46It's Jaire
13:47what does it mean
13:48rejoice
13:49But we found this one
13:50in several documents
13:52of the Old Testament
13:54announcing
13:55to the Messiah
13:57Yeah
13:57But he's going to say this
13:59the teacher
13:59and so?
14:00surely
14:02which will open
14:02appetite
14:03to move forward
14:05another element
14:06important
14:07These are the literary genres
14:09in the New Testament
14:11we're going to find
14:12that the writings
14:13contain elements
14:15important
14:15like the forms
14:17grammatical
14:18and literary genres
14:19to be unaware that they exist
14:22grammatical forms
14:24private individuals
14:25and especially
14:26to not know
14:27literary genres
14:29it can lead us
14:30to commit
14:31serious errors
14:32as in fact happens
14:33in the interpretation
14:35and obviously
14:36it will make it difficult for us
14:37knowledge
14:38clearly
14:39what is God
14:40wants
14:40or has wanted
14:41communicate
14:42because
14:43already
14:44us
14:45we study
14:47in the first year
14:47We're just going to say
14:49some things
14:50that they can give us
14:52a small
14:53review
14:54between the genres
14:56literary
14:57most common
14:58have
14:59the Gospel
15:01OK
15:02It is a literary genre
15:03and literary genres
15:06They are different
15:07among them
15:08For example
15:09a Gospel
15:10It's not the same
15:12that a letter
15:13Therefore we cannot
15:15consider it
15:15with the same meaning
15:17of what it says
15:19a letter
15:19so too
15:21we will find
15:22the stories
15:23narratives
15:24and the
15:25parables
15:26the genre
15:28apocalyptic
15:30not only
15:31It's in the book
15:32of the Apocalypse
15:33also
15:34have
15:34a chapter
15:36which is the chapter
15:37apocalyptic
15:38Matthew's
15:39which is the chapter
15:3924
15:40and a part
15:41also
15:42of the 25th
15:43that contains
15:45items
15:45apocalyptic
15:47which are some
15:48but they can't
15:50distinguish
15:50many more
15:52so
15:52We need to be vigilant
15:53so that we can
15:55knowing how to distinguish
15:56and from there
15:57to do a
15:58correct
15:58interpretation
15:59See you later!
16:00in a moment
16:01to conclude
16:02our class
16:02with our
16:03latest video