The Time of the End Message 23-3: "The Desolater" Episode 3

Pastor Joel Laswell

We are continuing in the book of Daniel, chapter 8. In Daniel Chapter 7 we were introduced to the rise of the Bold Pretender—the Little Horn power in its Papal roots, and his war against the saints of God by persecuting them and thinking to change the times and laws of God. The same Little Horn in its pagan and papal roots is revealed in more detail in chapter 8, who has become The Desolater that "waxed exceeding great," whose blasphemies reach unto heaven, to the Prince of princes, to destroy the daily.

Transcript

00:00:00Hello friends, I'm Pastor Joe Lasswell. I welcome you to our study at this time. We're

00:00:12getting back into Daniel chapter 8. We just started it not that long ago, but we're going

00:00:18to get into it. We're going to learn some wonderful things about this vision that Daniel

00:00:23had and see a little bit of history. Documented history backs up everything that Daniel had

00:00:29predicted here and what he saw and envisioned. But before we get into that, we want to ask

00:00:33the Lord to bless us as we open his word. We always want to do that. Allow the Holy Spirit

00:00:38to come into our hearts because God doesn't force, friends. God doesn't force his will

00:00:44upon anyone. And he's given us the freedom to choose. And so we're going to choose to

00:00:49accept the Lord's gift and ask for the Holy Spirit to be given to us that we may be given

00:00:55discernment and wisdom as we study God's word. Let's bow our heads. Father in heaven,

00:01:00we thank you so much for the opportunity to come together and to open your word, to look

00:01:06into this vision that Daniel had here as we read in Daniel chapter 8. We pray that the

00:01:13Holy Spirit will pour out upon us discernment and wisdom as we go line upon line and look

00:01:19at these truths that you've protected through centuries, especially for those of us who live

00:01:28down here at the time of the end. I pray, Lord, that the Holy Spirit will open our minds,

00:01:35help us to reason these things out with thee, and to come to a right understanding of what

00:01:41it is you are showing us, that we may share these truths with others and prepare them for

00:01:48the soon coming of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Father, we lift up before you those

00:01:52who are dealing with issues, tragedies, health issues, mental issues, things that are going

00:02:01on in their lives as stresses. We pray that you will be very near to each and every one of

00:02:08our loved ones, our daughters going through some things. Father, you know how that is and

00:02:14that whole situation. We pray that you'd be very near to her. Continue to be with Travis

00:02:21and the healing of his leg that he had broken last year. We pray that you'd be near his father

00:02:27who had heart surgery just a week ago. We pray that you'd be very near to him and help

00:02:33him to heal. And come to know the only true God, which is thee. Father, we pray for Crian

00:02:39out, I think she's in California, but wherever she is, is dealing, and she has a severe heart

00:02:44issue, Father. And Eduardo's sister and Monica's mother and all those that in our prayer requests,

00:02:52we pray that you'd be very near to each and every one of them. And those who are watching,

00:02:56Father, those who are dealing with issues, we pray that you will bless them and speak to

00:03:01them through thy word and the things that they may see here in this study. Father, we pray that

00:03:09you forgive us our sins. We claim the blood of Jesus that was shed at Calvary. We pray

00:03:14that we may be found worthy when Jesus returns. And Father, give me the words to speak here

00:03:21always when I stand in the pulpit, that it's not opinion, that it's not conjecture, but it

00:03:27is the truth that always comes from my lips, that you may be honored and glorified. I ask these

00:03:34favors in the blessed name of Jesus, who's so worthy. Amen and amen. Well, so good to be with

00:03:44you again, friends. We, like I said, we're getting back into Daniel chapter 8. Remember this series of

00:03:53studies of Daniel 8, I've entitled The Desolator. The Desolator. We're going to find out how this

00:04:00little horn power is a desolating power. This is episode 3 in our study. In our last study, we began

00:04:09to break down Daniel chapter 8 verse by verse, which is what we do. So let's have a quick recap of

00:04:16that. To bring us up to speed, we'll go back to Daniel chapter 8 and verse 1. Daniel chapter 8 and

00:04:26verse 1. In the third year of the reign of King Belshazzar, a vision appeared unto me, even unto

00:04:31me, Daniel. Daniel is saying, this vision was for me. Even unto me, Daniel. After that which appeared

00:04:38unto me at the first. And so, two years have elapsed since Daniel's previous vision, as was the previous

00:04:45vision in Daniel chapter 7. Daniel was now an old man. And he says that the vision was for him

00:04:56it's even unto me, Daniel. The vision was for him. And it follows after, or it's parallel

00:05:02to that of the vision of chapter 7. Let's go to verse 2. And I saw in a vision, and it came to pass

00:05:12when I saw that I was at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam, and I saw in a

00:05:18vision, and it was by the river Yulai. Daniel says that he was at Shushan, or Susa, which means

00:05:27lily. Susa was the winter residence of the Persian kings. It was located on the river Yulai, which was

00:05:36very near the Persian Gulf. It gives you the idea of the area where this was at. And again, we see a

00:05:43tremendous emphasis here in verse 2 on seeing, don't we? And keep in mind that the Hebrew word for

00:05:51vision, Kazan, keep that word in mind, because we're going to come back to it a few times as we go

00:05:57through Daniel chapter 8. But you see it an awful lot pop up in this chapter, this word Kazan in the

00:06:05original Hebrew. Let's go to Daniel 8 and verse 3. Then I lifted up my eyes, again vision, right? And

00:06:15saw, and behold, there stood before the river a ram which had two horns, and the two horns were high,

00:06:24but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last. Daniel sees this. He sees a ram. What

00:06:32is a ram? A ram is a male sheep, isn't it? So he sees this ram next to the river. And the Persians

00:06:41considered a ram with sharp pointed horns to be their guardian spirit. And the king often would

00:06:51bear the head of a ram instead of a crown when he led his armies into battle. You read about that a lot

00:06:56through history of this period. Now the ram symbolizes strength and dominance. The ram is

00:07:06among the first animals used for sacrifice in the Bible. And we'll clearly see the significance of

00:07:13this being used in chapter 8 as we go on. And there's really, there's no confusion as to what the ram

00:07:22symbolizes. Is there? Is there any confusion to it? There's not, because it's actually interpreted

00:07:31for us in verse 20. Daniel 8 verse 20 says, the ram which thou sawest having two horns are the kings

00:07:39of Media and Persia. So there shouldn't be any confusion about who this ram represents. And notice

00:07:47once again in this verse, the emphasis on sight, we see eyes and saw and behold. So Daniel, he sees a

00:07:57ram next to the river. And we're told that the ram has two horns, but one's higher than the other. And

00:08:03the highest one comes up last. And we're told that the horns represent the kings of Media and Persia.

00:08:09And significantly, after Darius the Mede, first king in this time period, after he was king, all the

00:08:19remaining rulers were Persian. In fact, from then on, it's called the Persian Empire. Persia became the

00:08:29dominant power when Cyrus defeated Astyges of Media in 550 BC. All those Greek names. It's remarkable.

00:08:45Daniel chapter 8 verse 4. I saw the ram pushing westward and northward and southward so that no

00:08:54beasts might stand before him. Neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand.

00:08:59But he did according to his will and became great. We're going to see this. We're going to see

00:09:07this as we go on here in our study. There is a remarkable parallel between the bear of Daniel 7

00:09:15and this ram in Daniel 8. In Daniel 7, the bear is raised up on one side, remember? And in Daniel 8,

00:09:23one of the horns is higher than the other. In Daniel chapter 7, the bear has three

00:09:28ribs in its ribs in its mouth. And in Daniel 8, the ram conquers in three points of the compass.

00:09:35Westward, Babylon, 539 BC. And northward, they defeated Lydia in 546 BC. Southward, they defeated

00:09:44Egypt in 525 BC. The Medo-Persian Empire. The Medo-Persian Empire covered much more territory than its

00:09:51predecessor Babylon. Pushing, as we read there, pushing further out. And Daniel says here, he says,

00:10:00no beasts might stand before him. The ram is described as powerful and aggressive and pushing

00:10:09any who stood against him. This standing implies a resistant position, something the ram overcomes

00:10:18with its force. And, you know, when this was written, Babylon was still dominant. But the Medo-Persians

00:10:27were rising, and Daniel saw that. And eventually, not even Babylon could stand against them.

00:10:33Thiel says in his outline studies in Daniel, page 82, he says, quote, Cyrus, in his conquest, swept

00:10:40everything before him with seemingly irresistible force. Pushing, you see. And it's worthy of

00:10:51notice that the ram became great. Literally, it reads, did great things. Made himself big or

00:10:58magnified himself. Which is exactly what the Persians did. And notice, too, and we'll come back to this,

00:11:08that the ram conquers only horizontally. You see, it fights against other beasts or other kingdoms,

00:11:15those kingdoms on earth. But it does not fight vertically against the God of heaven. Take note of

00:11:21that. Write that down. And so, hopefully, you see that chapter 8 is adding quite a lot more

00:11:31information to what we've learned through the first seven chapters of Daniel.

00:11:36Daniel. And what we find is that God, he keeps narrowing the scope and giving us more detail as

00:11:43we continue through the book so that we can trace the rise of this little horn power through history.

00:11:50Okay? Now, let's go to verses 5 through 8 where we see another familiar kingdom come into the scene

00:12:00here at the river Uli. Daniel chapter 8, verse 5. Daniel here, he says,

00:12:08And as I was considering, behold, a he-goat came from the west on the face of the whole earth and

00:12:17touched not the ground. Isn't that interesting? Touched not the ground. And the goat had a notable

00:12:23horn between his eyes. What does this mean? Such descriptive language, isn't it? You know,

00:12:35it's interesting to me that Daniel at the river Uli, he's there in vision and he sees a he-goat with two

00:12:44horns of different size, one growing up past the other. He's seeing these things. Well, in this vision,

00:12:49he actually is considering what it is that he's seeing as though he's really physically there. And that's

00:12:56always fascinated me about prophets that are in vision. They aren't just watching something from some

00:13:05other place entirely, like watching an event in a stadium or watching something on television. It's very real

00:13:15to them. That's always astonished me how God does that. I've seen video clips, and maybe you have

00:13:22too. You know, video clips of people using those virtual reality helmets or goggles, and it's as if

00:13:31their mind is somehow tricked into believing that what they are seeing is in their present reality.

00:13:37It's physically right there. They're there. They're in it. And I've seen, I've seen them, you know, you can tell

00:13:44that they're seeing this stuff. I've seen them walk right into walls. Or have you ever had, there's something

00:13:51else that popped in my mind. Have you ever had a dream that was so detailed that you believe that it was

00:13:57reality? So here's Daniel. He's in the vision, and he's considering what he has seen, and so he was right there. He is

00:14:08actually meditating on it. And I want to tell you, friends, that this is a lesson for us. Do we meditate on what God has

00:14:18shown us? God's teaching us right now. Do we meditate on these things? Do we contemplate them? Do we consider them as

00:14:29Daniel was considering what he had seen? Let me share with you something that Smith says in his book, Daniel, in the

00:14:38Revelation, page 151. Quote,

00:14:41As I was considering, said the prophet, here is an example for every lover of truth and all who have any

00:14:50regard for spiritual things. When Moses saw the burning bush, he said, I will now turn aside and see this

00:14:58great sight. How few are willing at the present time to turn aside from their pursuit of business or

00:15:05pleasure to consider the important things? End quote. So as I present these things and we delve into these

00:15:19chapters, are you considering? Are you meditating on these things? Are you doing due diligence and

00:15:29studying these things out for yourself? Now, Daniel said there in verse 5, he said, behold,

00:15:38and he goat came from the west on the face of the whole earth and touched not the ground. That's what

00:15:45he said. It's interesting. And so once again, we see a marked emphasis on seeing, on beholding. Now, who does

00:15:54this male goat symbolize? Well, we've studied Daniel, the book of Daniel from chapter 1 all the way through

00:16:02Daniel chapter 7. If we look back at Daniel chapter 2, remember when we studied Daniel chapter 2? We see

00:16:11in the symbolism of that metal image, right? We see in the image of the bronze of the metal, that bronze in

00:16:18the metal image, that the next kingdom to rise after the Medes and the Persians would be Greece. And the same with

00:16:28Daniel chapter 7, remember with the leopard, a symbol also of the next kingdom after Media Persia, which was

00:16:35Greece. The male goat symbol is explained to Daniel by the angel in verse 21. Verse 21,

00:16:48Daniel 8 verse 21, and the rough goat is the king or kingdom of Grecia and the great horn that is

00:16:56between his eyes is the first king. So it's being spelled out for us, isn't it? I want to share with

00:17:06you again, going back to Smith's book, Daniel and Revelation, he explains this symbol. Pages 151, 152

00:17:15along in there. Notice this. Smith says, quote, concerning the fitness of this symbol to be

00:17:21represent, to represent Grecian or Macedonian people, Thomas Newton observes that the Macedonians

00:17:29about 200 years before Daniel were denominated Ejadea or the goat's people. This is really

00:17:39interesting. He explains the origin of the name as recounted by heathen authors.

00:17:44Kuranas, their first king, going with a great multitude of Greeks to seek new habitations in

00:17:51Macedonia, was commanded by the oracle to take the goats for his guides to empire. And notice this.

00:18:00And afterwards, seeing a herd of goats flying from a violent storm. Isn't that incredible?

00:18:08Now we'll come back to that. Put that in the back of your mind. Flying goats, because it'll come up

00:18:13as we study God's word. Believe it or not, flying goats. We'll see this. So he says, he says,

00:18:24seeing a herd of goats flying from a violent storm. He followed them to Edessa and there fixed the seat

00:18:34of his empire, made the goats his ensigns or standards and called the city Aegea or the goat's town

00:18:42and the people Aegea or the goat's people. The city of Aegea or Aegea was the usual burying place

00:18:52of the Macedonian kings. The ocean next to Greece is called the Aegean Sea or the goat sea.

00:19:00It is also very remarkable that Alexander's son by Roxanna was named Alexander Aegis or the son

00:19:08of the goat. And some of Alexander's successors are represented in their coins with goat's horns.

00:19:15That's Smith quoting Thomas Newton dissertations on the prophecies, volume 1, pages 304, 303, 304.

00:19:24Of course, that's from Smith's book, Daniel and the Revelation, pages 151 and 152.

00:19:30Don't get the pages all mixed up. I didn't mean to do that.

00:19:34But the he-goat, we see, he comes from the west.

00:19:38And that's not only geographically true that Greece is west of the kingdom of Persia, but

00:19:45it's also true that Greece is west of Shushan, where Daniel saw the vision next to the river

00:19:50Ulai. Greece lay west of Persia and attacked from that direction, just as what Daniel's seeing

00:20:01here in his vision. And the Greek army swept everything on the face of the earth before it.

00:20:06Let's go back to Smith, page 152 in his book.

00:20:13Listen to this. He says,

00:20:15The goat touched not the ground. He's quoting what Daniel said here.

00:20:20Such was the marvelous celerity of his movements that he seemed to fly.

00:20:25He's talking about Alexander. He seemed to fly from point to point with the swiftness of the wind.

00:20:30And isn't it interesting that Choranus, the first Macedonian king, saw a herd of goats flying?

00:20:42God doesn't just throw these things in here just to amuse us.

00:20:47Although it can be amusing.

00:20:49What God tells us is true.

00:20:57The symbols are remarkable.

00:21:02So Smith says,

00:21:04He seemed to fly from point to point with the swiftness of the wind.

00:21:07The same characteristic of speed is indicated by the four wings of the leopard

00:21:12in the vision of Daniel 7, representing the same nation, end quote.

00:21:19A lot of commentaries, Bible commentaries, speak about this.

00:21:25John Gill, in his commentary of Daniel 8, notice what he says.

00:21:30He says, quote,

00:21:31Alexander, this is Alexander the Great, that first king.

00:21:35Alexander was remarkable for the agility of his body.

00:21:41As appeared by his mounting his horse,

00:21:44Bucephalus, the way he mounted his horse,

00:21:47grabbed people's attention.

00:21:49How agile this man was.

00:21:51He was athletic.

00:21:54He goes on.

00:21:56To the admiration of his father and all that beheld him,

00:21:59the way he mounted his horse,

00:22:01as well as famous for the quick marches of his army,

00:22:05and his very swift and expeditious execution of his signs.

00:22:10He greatly excelled in swiftness of foot.

00:22:13He could run.

00:22:16Swiftness of foot.

00:22:18He was fast.

00:22:20Says the historian.

00:22:22And again, he leaped, armed, completely armed,

00:22:25out of the ship like one that danced.

00:22:30Alexander the Great

00:22:31didn't just get the moniker the Great

00:22:36due to his military conquest.

00:22:40This man was an athletic marvel physically.

00:22:44He was agile.

00:22:45He was fast.

00:22:48As we'll find out,

00:22:49very well educated and intelligent as well.

00:22:52Daniel says,

00:22:56And the goat had a notable horn between his eyes.

00:23:01And of course, we learned from a previous study

00:23:03that eyes represent what?

00:23:07Eyes in the Bible.

00:23:09What do they represent again?

00:23:11They represent wisdom.

00:23:14Now the original,

00:23:15it says,

00:23:16A notable horn between his eyes.

00:23:17The original can be rendered a horn of vision.

00:23:20Isn't that interesting?

00:23:22Told you.

00:23:24Daniel saw, see,

00:23:25we see here a horn of vision.

00:23:28This notable horn was very visible.

00:23:31It was conspicuous one.

00:23:32To be seen afar off.

00:23:35People noticed Alexander.

00:23:37From afar off.

00:23:40He had a nobility,

00:23:41even though

00:23:42had a lot of physical attributes as well.

00:23:47He had a nobility.

00:23:48People were attracted to him.

00:23:54Attracted the eyes of all of it

00:23:57to this horn, you see.

00:24:02Its situation was between

00:24:04the eyes of the goat,

00:24:05denoting his insight,

00:24:07his wisdom,

00:24:08his prudence,

00:24:09craft,

00:24:09and his cunning.

00:24:12And I will tell you,

00:24:14this fit Alexander the Great perfectly.

00:24:16It's as if God had seen it.

00:24:19Had seen this man.

00:24:22And described him to Daniel.

00:24:25Well, he did, didn't he?

00:24:29When Alexander was 13,

00:24:32his father, King Philip II,

00:24:33began to search for a tutor.

00:24:36And he considered such scholars as

00:24:38Socrates and Pusippus.

00:24:43But Philip chose,

00:24:44you know who he chose?

00:24:44He chose Aristotle

00:24:46to be the tutor for Alexander.

00:24:50And not only did he choose Aristotle,

00:24:52but he provided the temple

00:24:53of the nymphs at Mieze

00:24:55as a classroom.

00:24:57Now, Mieze was like

00:24:58a boarding school for Alexander

00:25:00and the children of

00:25:01Macedonian nobles.

00:25:03You know,

00:25:03it was a school of the elites.

00:25:06And some of his classmates,

00:25:08classmates,

00:25:09maybe you will recognize

00:25:11some of them,

00:25:11some of his classmates were

00:25:13Ptolemy

00:25:14and Ephacian

00:25:16and Cassander.

00:25:18Sound familiar?

00:25:20Many of these students

00:25:21would become his friends

00:25:22and future generals

00:25:23and often are known

00:25:24as the companions

00:25:26when you read

00:25:28through the history

00:25:29of Alexander

00:25:29in Greek history.

00:25:32You come across,

00:25:33they talk about the companions,

00:25:34that's who they're

00:25:35talking about.

00:25:37Alexander

00:25:37and all these students

00:25:40that he were friends with

00:25:41and were part of his kingdom.

00:25:45Now, Aristotle taught Alexander

00:25:47and his companions

00:25:48about medicine

00:25:50and philosophy

00:25:51and morals

00:25:52and religion.

00:25:56He taught him logic

00:25:58and art.

00:26:00He's very attracted

00:26:01to art.

00:26:03Under Aristotle's tutelage,

00:26:04Alexander developed

00:26:05a passion for the works

00:26:06of Homer.

00:26:07In particular,

00:26:08the Iliad.

00:26:08And I found this

00:26:09very interesting.

00:26:11Aristotle actually gave

00:26:13Alexander

00:26:13an annotated copy,

00:26:15which Alexander

00:26:16later carried on

00:26:17his military campaigns.

00:26:19He kept it with him.

00:26:21And it's said

00:26:21that Alexander

00:26:22was able to quote

00:26:23Euripides,

00:26:24which was a Greek author.

00:26:26He was a dramatist,

00:26:27penned over 90 plays,

00:26:3090 works.

00:26:32Alexander would quote

00:26:34them from memory.

00:26:38He memorized

00:26:39Euripides' works.

00:26:44He's also surrounded

00:26:46by a lot of military generals

00:26:49and counselors

00:26:49of his father Philip,

00:26:51such as Parmenio.

00:26:53Parmenio was a

00:26:55genius military strategist.

00:26:58We talk about

00:26:58the strategy of

00:27:00Alexander

00:27:01and conquering the world,

00:27:02his military strategy,

00:27:03and how even

00:27:04the military academies

00:27:06of today

00:27:07use some of those strategies.

00:27:08Where do you think

00:27:09he learned a lot

00:27:10of those things?

00:27:12From Parmenio.

00:27:12He was a

00:27:14genius at it.

00:27:17And he taught

00:27:18Alexander.

00:27:19And Parmenio

00:27:20had a son.

00:27:21His name was

00:27:21Philotus.

00:27:21He was the

00:27:22Calvary and

00:27:23bodyguard general

00:27:25to Philip

00:27:26and then also

00:27:27to Alexander.

00:27:31It's an interesting

00:27:31note in history.

00:27:34Alexander wound up

00:27:34killing Philotus

00:27:35for treason.

00:27:38I won't get into

00:27:39that offshoot.

00:27:40I could go on

00:27:41about that.

00:27:42But you want

00:27:43drama and stuff,

00:27:44you get into

00:27:44Greek history

00:27:45and start reading

00:27:46Greek history.

00:27:46It's rather

00:27:48remarkable.

00:27:49But he also

00:27:50had many other

00:27:51of the king's

00:27:52counselors

00:27:52teaching him

00:27:53as he grew.

00:27:56Alexander was

00:27:56very intelligent.

00:27:57He was well

00:27:58educated.

00:27:59He had a wisdom

00:28:00beyond his years.

00:28:01You know the old

00:28:02saying,

00:28:03only the good

00:28:03die young.

00:28:04He was

00:28:05great.

00:28:07Alexander

00:28:08the great.

00:28:09He had it all.

00:28:11And he had it

00:28:11all at a very

00:28:13young age.

00:28:16But he was

00:28:17also intemperate.

00:28:19which eventually

00:28:20cost him his

00:28:21life.

00:28:22Let's go to

00:28:23Daniel chapter

00:28:238 verse 6.

00:28:26So what I'm

00:28:27telling you is

00:28:27when you see

00:28:28that horn

00:28:29between his

00:28:30eyes,

00:28:30and eyes is a

00:28:31symbol of

00:28:31wisdom,

00:28:32we see that

00:28:32the first king

00:28:33being Alexander,

00:28:34we see his

00:28:35background very

00:28:36wise,

00:28:38very intelligent,

00:28:40athletic,

00:28:41a physical

00:28:42specimen,

00:28:45agility,

00:28:47fast,

00:28:47people were

00:28:51attracted to

00:28:52him.

00:28:53He did

00:28:54things

00:28:55physically

00:28:56that

00:28:58astonished

00:28:59people.

00:29:01Daniel 8 verse 6.

00:29:03And he came

00:29:04to the ram,

00:29:06that he goat,

00:29:07that had two

00:29:07horns,

00:29:08which I had seen

00:29:09standing before

00:29:10the river,

00:29:11and ran into

00:29:12him in the

00:29:13fury of his

00:29:14power.

00:29:14You can

00:29:15translate that

00:29:15as fury

00:29:16of his

00:29:16rage.

00:29:19The fury

00:29:19of his

00:29:21rage,

00:29:22which I found

00:29:22to be very

00:29:23interesting,

00:29:24because understanding

00:29:24some of

00:29:25history,

00:29:29it's just

00:29:30amazing how

00:29:31accurate God

00:29:32describes these

00:29:33things to us.

00:29:36But we find

00:29:36that the

00:29:37rough goat

00:29:38attacked the

00:29:39ram with a

00:29:39fury.

00:29:40He pursued

00:29:41him as one

00:29:42who was

00:29:42enraged.

00:29:43touched.

00:29:44I'm going to

00:29:44touch about

00:29:45that a little

00:29:46bit more in a

00:29:46moment.

00:29:47But in this

00:29:47vision,

00:29:49what do we

00:29:49see here?

00:29:50We see two

00:29:50animals,

00:29:51don't we?

00:29:53We see a

00:29:53ram,

00:29:54and we see a

00:29:55goat.

00:29:56And they're in

00:29:57battle, right?

00:29:58But it's

00:29:58interesting, and I

00:29:59mentioned this

00:30:00before, to keep

00:30:00this in the back

00:30:01of your mind,

00:30:02a ram and a

00:30:03goat.

00:30:03The ram

00:30:04symbolizing the

00:30:05Medo-Persian

00:30:05kingdom, we

00:30:06found, and the

00:30:06goat symbolizing

00:30:07Greece.

00:30:08But here's

00:30:09something very

00:30:10important to keep

00:30:10in mind, which

00:30:11I've touched

00:30:12on lightly

00:30:13before, about

00:30:16the use of

00:30:16these particular

00:30:18animals as

00:30:20symbols.

00:30:22They were

00:30:22both used in

00:30:24the Day of

00:30:24Atonement of

00:30:25the Sanctuary

00:30:26Service.

00:30:28Both of

00:30:29them.

00:30:29Ram and

00:30:30he goat.

00:30:31Let's look at

00:30:31Leviticus chapter

00:30:3216 and verse

00:30:335.

00:30:34Leviticus 16

00:30:35and verse

00:30:375.

00:30:38And he

00:30:41shall take

00:30:42of the

00:30:42congregation

00:30:43of the

00:30:43children of

00:30:44Israel

00:30:44two kids

00:30:46of the

00:30:46goats

00:30:47for a

00:30:48sin offering

00:30:48and one

00:30:49ram for a

00:30:51burnt offering.

00:30:53And so, in

00:30:54Daniel 8, these

00:30:55two animals are

00:30:56used not only,

00:30:57friends, to

00:30:57represent two

00:30:58world empires,

00:30:59but to point

00:31:01us to the

00:31:01Day of

00:31:02Atonement.

00:31:03You see, the

00:31:04ram and the

00:31:05goat originally

00:31:05symbolized Jesus

00:31:06Christ in

00:31:07the Sanctuary

00:31:08Service here.

00:31:10But now, in

00:31:11Daniel chapter

00:31:118, they

00:31:12symbolize earthly

00:31:13powers.

00:31:14And this

00:31:14change indicates

00:31:15that the

00:31:16activity of

00:31:17the world

00:31:17powers, controlled

00:31:18by Satan,

00:31:20would try to

00:31:20usurp the

00:31:21knowledge of

00:31:22Christ from

00:31:22the minds of

00:31:23God's people.

00:31:24This attempt,

00:31:26as we shall

00:31:27see as we go

00:31:28on, was most

00:31:30successful during

00:31:31the time of

00:31:31the little horn

00:31:32when it took

00:31:33away the

00:31:34daily.

00:31:35And we'll

00:31:35find this out.

00:31:36We're going

00:31:36to get into

00:31:37that in

00:31:37depth.

00:31:40So it's

00:31:41just not a

00:31:41coincidence God

00:31:42says, okay, I'm

00:31:43just going to

00:31:43have a goat and

00:31:45a ram in this

00:31:48vision for

00:31:49Daniel.

00:31:50Oh, there's a

00:31:51lot of meaning

00:31:52to that.

00:31:53Let's go to

00:31:54Daniel 8,

00:31:54verse 6 again.

00:31:55Let's read it

00:31:56again, then we'll

00:31:56go into verse

00:31:577.

00:32:00And he came to

00:32:01the ram that

00:32:01had two horns,

00:32:02which I had seen

00:32:03standing before the

00:32:04river, and ran

00:32:05into him in the

00:32:06fury of his

00:32:07power, in the

00:32:08fury of his

00:32:08rage.

00:32:10Verse 7, and I

00:32:11saw him come

00:32:12close unto the

00:32:13ram.

00:32:14Listen to this

00:32:14description of

00:32:15what he does to

00:32:17this ram.

00:32:17And he was

00:32:18moved with

00:32:19collar against

00:32:20him.

00:32:23Let's just get

00:32:24through it, because

00:32:24I'm just like,

00:32:25wow.

00:32:26Moved with

00:32:27collar against

00:32:27him and smote

00:32:28the ram.

00:32:29Did he stop

00:32:30there?

00:32:30No.

00:32:30He broke his

00:32:31two horns.

00:32:32There was no

00:32:33power in the ram

00:32:34to stand before

00:32:35him.

00:32:35Did he stop

00:32:36there?

00:32:36No.

00:32:36He cast him

00:32:37down to the

00:32:38ground.

00:32:38Okay, then he

00:32:39stopped.

00:32:40No.

00:32:40He stepped

00:32:41upon him.

00:32:43There was none

00:32:44that could deliver

00:32:44the ram out of

00:32:45his hand.

00:32:48Like I said,

00:32:49the accuracy of

00:32:51God's word is so

00:32:52amazing to me.

00:32:54Now, that word

00:32:55collar, collar is

00:32:57an old English

00:32:58word for, we

00:32:59would say,

00:33:00anger.

00:33:00Anger.

00:33:02Anger.

00:33:03It says, I

00:33:05saw him come

00:33:07close under the

00:33:07ram.

00:33:08He was moved

00:33:08with anger

00:33:09against him.

00:33:10It wasn't that

00:33:11he just wanted

00:33:12to defeat him

00:33:14and rule the

00:33:15world.

00:33:16He moved with

00:33:17anger against

00:33:18him.

00:33:20The language of

00:33:22this verse

00:33:22depicts the

00:33:23completeness of

00:33:25the subjection

00:33:26of Persia to

00:33:26Alexander.

00:33:28He hated the

00:33:30kingdom of

00:33:31Mediapersia.

00:33:33Hated them.

00:33:35With a rage.

00:33:38Now, you

00:33:39would ask,

00:33:39wouldn't you,

00:33:40why did

00:33:41Alexander the

00:33:42Great have

00:33:42such rage

00:33:44against the

00:33:45Persians?

00:33:47Well, I

00:33:49don't want to

00:33:50get into a

00:33:51tremendous amount

00:33:52of history, but

00:33:53I'm going to

00:33:53share some.

00:33:56Long before he

00:33:57was born, there

00:33:58was a Persian

00:34:00king.

00:34:00And his name

00:34:02was Darius

00:34:02the Great.

00:34:03Not the same

00:34:04as the Darius

00:34:04that Alexander

00:34:06took care of.

00:34:07But he was

00:34:08Darius the Great,

00:34:09who in an effort

00:34:10to punish Athens

00:34:12for their support

00:34:13of the Ionian

00:34:14colonies' revolt

00:34:15against Persian

00:34:16rule, that was

00:34:16in 499 B.C.,

00:34:18he'd invaded

00:34:19Greece in 492 B.C.

00:34:20He was going to

00:34:21take care of them.

00:34:22The Persians,

00:34:23though, were

00:34:23defeated by the

00:34:24Greek forces at

00:34:25the Battle of

00:34:25Marathon in 490 B.C.

00:34:27And Darius

00:34:28died four years

00:34:29later before he

00:34:30could mount

00:34:31another offensive.

00:34:32He was that

00:34:32angry at the

00:34:34Greeks.

00:34:36However,

00:34:37Darius the Great

00:34:39had a son.

00:34:41And his son's

00:34:42name was,

00:34:43one of his

00:34:43sons, but this

00:34:44particular son's

00:34:44name was

00:34:45Xerxes.

00:34:46Does that sound

00:34:47familiar to

00:34:48anyone?

00:34:51Xerxes?

00:34:51Xerxes picked

00:34:55up the banner

00:34:55of his father.

00:34:58He amassed

00:34:58an army of

00:34:59millions, it

00:35:00said, with

00:35:01the goal of

00:35:02invading Greece

00:35:03again, which

00:35:05he did.

00:35:07Xerxes was

00:35:08so enraged at

00:35:09the Athenian

00:35:09resistance to

00:35:10his wishes that

00:35:12he burned the

00:35:12city of Athens

00:35:13to the ground

00:35:14in a furious

00:35:15fit.

00:35:17The Persian

00:35:18army commander,

00:35:19Mardonius, he

00:35:20oversaw the

00:35:20raising of

00:35:21several structures

00:35:22of political

00:35:22and religious

00:35:24significance to

00:35:25the Greeks.

00:35:32These structures

00:35:33throughout the

00:35:33city, he

00:35:35destroyed them.

00:35:38The Acropolis,

00:35:39you've probably

00:35:40heard of that.

00:35:40The old temple

00:35:41of Athena, he

00:35:42destroyed that.

00:35:43The older

00:35:44Parthenon.

00:35:48Xerxes destroyed

00:35:49it all.

00:35:51That was like

00:35:52ripping the

00:35:52heart out of

00:35:53Greece.

00:35:56And the

00:35:56atrocious

00:35:57actions of

00:35:57Xerxes against

00:35:59the Greeks

00:35:59were ingrained,

00:36:00you see, in the

00:36:01memories of the

00:36:02goat people for

00:36:03decades.

00:36:06And Alexander

00:36:07was especially

00:36:08motivated for

00:36:08revenge.

00:36:09You could

00:36:09probably kind

00:36:11of say it's

00:36:11kind of like the

00:36:12Middle East

00:36:12with all the

00:36:14tribal factions

00:36:15over there

00:36:16with the

00:36:18Islamists

00:36:19and those

00:36:20extremists

00:36:21that have

00:36:22a hatred

00:36:22for the

00:36:23Jews.

00:36:24and so

00:36:30that history

00:36:33of Xerxes

00:36:34and his

00:36:35father Darius

00:36:36the Great,

00:36:37they didn't

00:36:37leave Greek

00:36:38society.

00:36:41And so

00:36:41Alexander's

00:36:42retaliatory

00:36:43actions like

00:36:44the burning

00:36:45of the

00:36:46Persopolis

00:36:47was both

00:36:48revenge,

00:36:49it was a

00:36:50means of

00:36:50asserting

00:36:50dominance over

00:36:52the Persian

00:36:53Empire.

00:36:54He stamped

00:36:54them.

00:36:56He didn't

00:36:56just defeat

00:36:57them.

00:37:00So in the

00:37:01vision, we

00:37:02see that the

00:37:03ram and the

00:37:04goat, there's

00:37:05something else

00:37:05that's very

00:37:06interesting, how

00:37:07precise God

00:37:08is.

00:37:09The ram and

00:37:10the goat, they

00:37:11meet on a

00:37:11river, don't

00:37:11they?

00:37:12The river

00:37:12you like, here

00:37:13in this vision.

00:37:15The leader of

00:37:16the Medes and

00:37:17Persians was

00:37:18named Darius

00:37:18the Third, not

00:37:20Darius the Great.

00:37:21He was a

00:37:21father, further

00:37:22down the

00:37:22line.

00:37:24He wasn't

00:37:24the father of

00:37:25Xerxes.

00:37:26But notice that

00:37:27the first

00:37:28successful battle

00:37:29fought by the

00:37:30Grecians against

00:37:31the Medes and

00:37:31Persian kingdom

00:37:32was on the

00:37:33banks of the

00:37:33Granicus.

00:37:35Now the

00:37:35Granicus was

00:37:36kind of a

00:37:37smaller river,

00:37:38kind of a

00:37:39stream you'd

00:37:39say of Asia

00:37:40Minor.

00:37:41But the

00:37:42ram and the

00:37:42goat met

00:37:43on a river.

00:37:45Daniel sees

00:37:45the vision that

00:37:46they meet on

00:37:46a river.

00:37:48And this

00:37:49battle was in

00:37:49the year 334

00:37:50BC.

00:37:50Alexander,

00:37:52something he

00:37:53did, he

00:37:53always pursued

00:37:55Darius the

00:37:55Third.

00:37:57In fact, he

00:37:58refused to even

00:37:59speak of making

00:38:00a treaty of

00:38:01peace with

00:38:02him.

00:38:03Darius

00:38:03couldn't even

00:38:04surrender to

00:38:05him.

00:38:06That's how much

00:38:06hatred that he

00:38:07had.

00:38:08And the

00:38:09revenge that he

00:38:10wanted, this

00:38:11rage that he

00:38:12had.

00:38:13Notice what

00:38:14Walter Fogg

00:38:14says in his

00:38:15book,

00:38:151,000 Sayings

00:38:16of History,

00:38:17page 210.

00:38:19He says,

00:38:20quote,

00:38:21On the eve

00:38:21of this

00:38:22battle,

00:38:23Darius sent

00:38:24ten of his

00:38:25chief relatives

00:38:25to sue for

00:38:26peace.

00:38:27That means

00:38:28to surrender.

00:38:29When they

00:38:30had presented

00:38:31their conditions

00:38:31to Alexander,

00:38:32we'll do

00:38:32this, this,

00:38:33this, and

00:38:33this, you

00:38:34know.

00:38:34He is

00:38:35said to

00:38:36have replied,

00:38:37this is

00:38:37Alexander's

00:38:38reply.

00:38:40He says,

00:38:41Heaven cannot

00:38:41support two

00:38:42sons,

00:38:43nor the

00:38:44earth two

00:38:44masters.

00:38:45He refused

00:38:48it.

00:38:49He's basically

00:38:49saying, I am

00:38:51going to

00:38:51destroy and

00:38:52kill you.

00:38:54That's what

00:38:54Alexander was

00:38:55telling Darius.

00:38:59And if you

00:39:00read through

00:39:01history, the

00:39:02battles between

00:39:02the Greeks

00:39:03and the

00:39:03Persians, I

00:39:04mean, they

00:39:05were said to

00:39:06have been

00:39:06exceedingly

00:39:07fierce.

00:39:09And so,

00:39:09through the

00:39:10granicus, that

00:39:10stream, Alexander

00:39:12pushed on to

00:39:13Cilicia, he

00:39:14overthrew Darius,

00:39:15at Issus in

00:39:16333 B.C., then

00:39:18after the

00:39:18conquest of

00:39:19Egypt, he

00:39:19advanced against

00:39:20him again at

00:39:21Arbella, and

00:39:23once more

00:39:23inflicted on

00:39:24him an

00:39:24overwhelming and

00:39:25crushing

00:39:25defeat.

00:39:27And it was

00:39:28this latter

00:39:29battle that

00:39:30occurred in

00:39:30331 B.C.

00:39:31that marked

00:39:32the fall of

00:39:33the Persian

00:39:33Empire.

00:39:35And as

00:39:36Darius

00:39:36fled from

00:39:38the field,

00:39:39which he

00:39:39often did,

00:39:40Alexander

00:39:41pursued him

00:39:41to the

00:39:42shores of

00:39:42the Caspian

00:39:43and into

00:39:43Bactria

00:39:44and Sogdiana

00:39:45till Darius

00:39:47fell.

00:39:48Actually, Darius

00:39:48was killed by

00:39:49his relative

00:39:50Bessus, who

00:39:51was the

00:39:52governor of

00:39:52Bactria.

00:39:54In fact, I

00:39:54think Bessus

00:39:55did try to

00:39:56appease

00:39:57Alexander.

00:40:00But what

00:40:02you find in

00:40:02Alexander is a

00:40:03relentlessness.

00:40:05It was his

00:40:06most marked

00:40:06characteristic of

00:40:07his pursuit of

00:40:08Darius.

00:40:09He was

00:40:09going till

00:40:11he was

00:40:11destroyed.

00:40:14And as

00:40:14we read

00:40:14there, he

00:40:15didn't just

00:40:16defeat him,

00:40:17he knocked

00:40:18him down,

00:40:19he broke

00:40:19the horns,

00:40:20he stamped

00:40:20on him

00:40:21in rage.

00:40:27And so

00:40:27the horns

00:40:28of the

00:40:28Persian power

00:40:28were broken.

00:40:29They were

00:40:30thrown to

00:40:30the earth,

00:40:30they were

00:40:31trodden

00:40:31underfoot by

00:40:32Alexander

00:40:33the Great.

00:40:35The power

00:40:36of the

00:40:36empire was

00:40:37completely

00:40:37broken.

00:40:39country was

00:40:42ravished.

00:40:45The armies

00:40:45were cut in

00:40:46pieces, they

00:40:46were scattered,

00:40:48its cities

00:40:48were plundered,

00:40:49destroyed.

00:40:50The royal

00:40:51city, as I

00:40:51mentioned before,

00:40:52Persopolis,

00:40:53whose ruins

00:40:54actually still

00:40:55stand to this

00:40:56day as a

00:40:56monument to

00:40:57its ancient

00:40:57splendor, it

00:40:58was destroyed

00:40:59by fire.

00:41:00He burned

00:41:00it to the

00:41:00ground.

00:41:03Alexander,

00:41:04the rough

00:41:04goat, most

00:41:05definitely cast

00:41:06him down to

00:41:07the ground and

00:41:07stamped upon

00:41:08him, friends.

00:41:09Just as

00:41:10God's

00:41:10word says

00:41:11he would

00:41:12do.

00:41:17Maxwell

00:41:18makes some

00:41:18interesting

00:41:19remarks about

00:41:20Darius III

00:41:21that I want

00:41:22to share.

00:41:23It's found in

00:41:23his series,

00:41:26God Cares.

00:41:27It's in

00:41:27Volume 1,

00:41:28pages 150,

00:41:28151.

00:41:30Notice what he

00:41:31says.

00:41:31He's speaking

00:41:32about Darius

00:41:32III here.

00:41:35And he

00:41:35says,

00:41:36quote,

00:41:36we cannot

00:41:37escape the

00:41:37conviction

00:41:38that things

00:41:38might have

00:41:38turned out

00:41:39very differently

00:41:39if King

00:41:40Darius had

00:41:41not been

00:41:41such a

00:41:42notable

00:41:42coward.

00:41:44Darius's

00:41:45Persians

00:41:45vastly outnumbered

00:41:46the Greeks.

00:41:47I saw

00:41:47estimates of

00:41:48millions.

00:41:49I mean,

00:41:50he had an

00:41:50army of

00:41:51millions.

00:41:52Alexander

00:41:53didn't have

00:41:54close to

00:41:54that.

00:41:58He goes

00:41:58on, he

00:41:59says,

00:41:59at Arbella

00:42:00the Persians

00:42:00are said

00:42:01to have

00:42:01pitted a

00:42:02million men

00:42:02against

00:42:03Alexander's

00:42:0347,000.

00:42:06But at

00:42:06Granicus,

00:42:07Issus and

00:42:08Arbella,

00:42:08King Darius

00:42:09lost his

00:42:10nerve at

00:42:10the first

00:42:10sign of

00:42:11a reverse,

00:42:12turned his

00:42:12chariot around,

00:42:14and fled

00:42:14for his

00:42:15life.

00:42:16A signal

00:42:17in those

00:42:17days for

00:42:18the entire

00:42:19Persian army

00:42:19to flee

00:42:20also.

00:42:22In an

00:42:22unusually

00:42:23intriguing

00:42:23passage,

00:42:24the Bible

00:42:24says that,

00:42:25the king's

00:42:26heart is a

00:42:27stream of

00:42:27water in

00:42:28the hand

00:42:28of the

00:42:28Lord.

00:42:29He turns

00:42:30it wherever

00:42:30he will.

00:42:31End quote.

00:42:31Proverbs

00:42:3221,

00:42:32verse 1.

00:42:35Maxwell

00:42:35goes on.

00:42:36He says,

00:42:36historical

00:42:37accounts

00:42:37indicate that

00:42:38a single

00:42:39hour of

00:42:40courage on

00:42:42Darius'

00:42:42part in

00:42:43any one

00:42:44of his

00:42:44three great

00:42:44battles might

00:42:45well have

00:42:46saved his

00:42:47army and

00:42:47enabled it

00:42:48to annihilate

00:42:49Alexander's

00:42:50forces.

00:42:52Had God

00:42:53seen fit,

00:42:54he could

00:42:54easily have

00:42:56supplied Darius

00:42:56with this

00:42:57needed courage.

00:42:58That's true.

00:42:59He gave

00:43:01Daniel courage

00:43:01to face

00:43:02lions.

00:43:03He gave

00:43:03Daniel's

00:43:04friends courage

00:43:04to face

00:43:05a fiery

00:43:05furnace.

00:43:06But the

00:43:07Persian empire

00:43:08had chosen

00:43:09to find its

00:43:10way without

00:43:10faith in

00:43:11the God

00:43:11of Israel.

00:43:13And in

00:43:13Persia's

00:43:14hour of

00:43:14crisis,

00:43:15God allowed

00:43:16human weakness

00:43:17to run its

00:43:18course.

00:43:20Daniel 7,

00:43:21verse 6

00:43:21says that

00:43:22dominion was

00:43:23given to

00:43:25the Greeks.

00:43:26End quote.

00:43:29And so we

00:43:29see God's

00:43:30hand in

00:43:30this,

00:43:31don't we?

00:43:32He let,

00:43:33what's Maxwell

00:43:34says?

00:43:34He said he

00:43:36allowed human

00:43:37weakness to

00:43:38run its

00:43:38course.

00:43:38Why?

00:43:39Because they

00:43:39had forsaken

00:43:41the God of

00:43:42heaven.

00:43:45Remember,

00:43:47when Daniel

00:43:48was with the

00:43:49Medes,

00:43:50the king was

00:43:52converted.

00:43:53I'll talk

00:43:53about that

00:43:53later on.

00:43:56Because that's

00:43:57very interesting

00:43:57in and of

00:43:58itself.

00:43:59But I'll

00:43:59mention that

00:44:00maybe in the

00:44:00next study.

00:44:02Remember,

00:44:02it's down the

00:44:03line just a

00:44:03little bit.

00:44:04Let's go to

00:44:04Daniel 8,

00:44:06verse 8.

00:44:11Daniel 8,

00:44:12verse 8.

00:44:15Therefore,

00:44:16the he-goat

00:44:16waxed very

00:44:17great,

00:44:18and when he

00:44:19was strong,

00:44:20the great

00:44:21horn was

00:44:22broken.

00:44:23And for

00:44:23it came up

00:44:24four notable

00:44:25ones toward

00:44:25the four

00:44:26winds of

00:44:26heaven.

00:44:30Alexander was

00:44:31in his

00:44:31twenties when

00:44:32he started.

00:44:34He conquered

00:44:34the world at

00:44:35that time,

00:44:36in his

00:44:37twenties,

00:44:38waxing very

00:44:38great, as

00:44:39the scripture

00:44:40says.

00:44:41And you'd

00:44:41think, I

00:44:42mean, if you

00:44:43stopped there

00:44:43and you were

00:44:43just kind of

00:44:44thinking about

00:44:44it, you'd

00:44:45think he'd

00:44:46rule for

00:44:46many years.

00:44:47I mean, he

00:44:47was young,

00:44:48right?

00:44:49He'd at

00:44:49least rule

00:44:50until he

00:44:50became weak

00:44:51and he was

00:44:51conquered by an

00:44:52adversary or

00:44:53something like

00:44:53that, but

00:44:54the word

00:44:54also stated

00:44:55that when

00:44:55he was

00:44:56strong, the

00:44:58great horn

00:44:58was broken.

00:45:02Let's go to

00:45:03Haskell's

00:45:03book, the

00:45:04story of

00:45:04Daniel, the

00:45:04prophet, page

00:45:05108.

00:45:06Notice what

00:45:06Haskell says,

00:45:08quote,

00:45:09Alexander stands

00:45:10without a rival

00:45:11for the

00:45:12rapidity of

00:45:12his conquests.

00:45:14He was but a

00:45:15young man of

00:45:15twenty when by

00:45:16the death of

00:45:17his father,

00:45:17Philip of

00:45:18Macedon, he

00:45:19fell heir to

00:45:20a small

00:45:20dominion.

00:45:21He united

00:45:22the Greek

00:45:23states, placed

00:45:24himself at

00:45:25the head of

00:45:26affairs.

00:45:26Now you know

00:45:26something about

00:45:27Alexander.

00:45:28People were

00:45:29attracted to

00:45:30him.

00:45:31He had it

00:45:31all.

00:45:32He was one

00:45:32of those

00:45:33people, you

00:45:33know, you

00:45:33hear him say,

00:45:34they got it

00:45:34all.

00:45:35Got the

00:45:36looks, got

00:45:37the physique,

00:45:38the ability,

00:45:39the intelligence,

00:45:41had the

00:45:41experience even

00:45:42from a young

00:45:42age.

00:45:44He was able

00:45:45to unite the

00:45:46Greek states.

00:45:52Haskell says,

00:45:53placed himself

00:45:54at the head

00:45:54of affairs and

00:45:55led her armies

00:45:56in a series of

00:45:57wonderful victories.

00:45:59In the space

00:45:59of a few short

00:46:00years, he was

00:46:02the recognized

00:46:03master of the

00:46:04world.

00:46:07He who rose

00:46:08to the highest

00:46:09position the

00:46:09world could

00:46:10offer fell

00:46:11equally as

00:46:12suddenly.

00:46:14He had

00:46:14conquered kingdoms

00:46:15but was not

00:46:16master of his

00:46:16own passions.

00:46:18His love of

00:46:19praise led him

00:46:20to have himself

00:46:21proclaimed son

00:46:22of Jupiter

00:46:23Ammon in

00:46:23Egypt.

00:46:24And his

00:46:25love of

00:46:26drink, and

00:46:26that's alcohol,

00:46:28his love of

00:46:29drink caused

00:46:30his death at

00:46:31the age of

00:46:32thirty-two

00:46:32years after a

00:46:34universal reign

00:46:35of only two

00:46:36years.

00:46:38Such was the

00:46:39fate of one

00:46:40who feared

00:46:40neither God

00:46:41nor man.

00:46:42The Most

00:46:43High ruleth

00:46:44in the kingdoms

00:46:44of men,

00:46:45Haskell says,

00:46:46ending the

00:46:47quote.

00:46:50So, he

00:46:51loved praise

00:46:52because he

00:46:53always got it.

00:46:55He was that

00:46:56prodigal child

00:46:57of Philip.

00:47:00Had it all.

00:47:03But he also

00:47:04loved to drink.

00:47:06He loved to

00:47:07make merry.

00:47:08In fact, once

00:47:09he had conquered

00:47:10the world,

00:47:11he spent time

00:47:12and he killed

00:47:13a number of

00:47:14his closest

00:47:14allies and

00:47:15friends.

00:47:16He just

00:47:17would murder

00:47:18them for no

00:47:18reason.

00:47:23You can read

00:47:24all about it

00:47:25in history.

00:47:27Notice this

00:47:28quote from the

00:47:28book Child

00:47:29Guidance,

00:47:29pages 95-96.

00:47:33Quote,

00:47:33Alexander and

00:47:34Caesar found

00:47:35it easier to

00:47:36subdue a world

00:47:37than to

00:47:37subdue

00:47:38themselves.

00:47:39After conquering

00:47:40nation after

00:47:41nation,

00:47:41they fell.

00:47:43One of them,

00:47:43the victim of

00:47:44intemperance,

00:47:45that's Alexander,

00:47:46the other of

00:47:47mad ambition,

00:47:48that's Caesar.

00:47:50True words.

00:47:51Very true.

00:47:53Now, after

00:47:54Alexander's death,

00:47:55there arose a lot

00:47:55of contention

00:47:56among his

00:47:57followers about

00:47:57who's going to

00:47:58rule the kingdom.

00:47:59And after

00:48:01just a week,

00:48:02it was agreed

00:48:03that his

00:48:03natural brother,

00:48:05Philip Aradius,

00:48:07well, we'll

00:48:07declare him

00:48:08king.

00:48:10And then what

00:48:10he did,

00:48:12he took

00:48:13Alexander's

00:48:14infant sons,

00:48:15Alexander

00:48:15Aegis, and

00:48:16he named the

00:48:17other one

00:48:17Hercules,

00:48:19they ruled

00:48:20the Macedonian

00:48:21empire.

00:48:22And it was

00:48:23sustained for

00:48:24a little bit.

00:48:25Not a long

00:48:25time, but for

00:48:26a little bit.

00:48:28But you know

00:48:28what happened.

00:48:29His boys

00:48:30were murdered.

00:48:32And the

00:48:32family of

00:48:33Alexander

00:48:33became extinct.

00:48:37Then the

00:48:37chief commanders

00:48:38of the army,

00:48:40what they had

00:48:41done, they'd

00:48:42gone into

00:48:42different parts

00:48:43of the empire

00:48:43and became

00:48:44like the

00:48:45governors of

00:48:45the provinces.

00:48:48Well, all of

00:48:49them said,

00:48:49no, I'm the

00:48:50king.

00:48:51They all

00:48:52assumed the

00:48:53title of

00:48:53king.

00:48:54And then

00:48:54they started

00:48:55warring against

00:48:56each other.

00:48:57You know?

00:48:58They did it

00:48:58to such

00:48:59a degree

00:48:59that within

00:48:59a few

00:49:00years after

00:49:01Alexander's

00:49:02death, the

00:49:02number of

00:49:03them was

00:49:03reduced to

00:49:04four.

00:49:05Isn't that

00:49:05rather interesting?

00:49:07Exact number

00:49:08specified in

00:49:09the prophecy.

00:49:13Now Daniel

00:49:13said there,

00:49:14he said,

00:49:15and for it

00:49:15came up four

00:49:16notable ones

00:49:17toward the

00:49:19four winds

00:49:19of heaven.

00:49:20I'm going

00:49:22to spend

00:49:22some time

00:49:23on this.

00:49:25Because we

00:49:25actually have

00:49:26a, you

00:49:27realize we

00:49:27live in an

00:49:28age, and I

00:49:28think I

00:49:29mentioned

00:49:29earlier, we

00:49:30live in an

00:49:30age, we

00:49:30have the

00:49:31internet, we

00:49:31have access

00:49:32to information

00:49:33that people

00:49:35200 years ago

00:49:36didn't know,

00:49:36100 years ago

00:49:37didn't know,

00:49:3850 years ago

00:49:39didn't know.

00:49:40We've got some

00:49:41historical records

00:49:44that have been

00:49:44discovered and

00:49:45studied and we

00:49:46have some new

00:49:47insight on some

00:49:48of these things.

00:49:51And so, the

00:49:52four notable

00:49:53ones toward the

00:49:54four winds of

00:49:54heaven, Daniel

00:49:55says, much of

00:49:56history says

00:49:58that these

00:49:59four notable

00:50:00ones were

00:50:00old history,

00:50:03they were

00:50:04Cassander, who

00:50:05had Greece in

00:50:06the neighboring

00:50:06countries, then

00:50:08there was a

00:50:09guy by the

00:50:09name of

00:50:10Asimachus, who

00:50:11had Asia

00:50:12Minor, then

00:50:13Seleucus, who

00:50:14had Syria and

00:50:15Babylon, and

00:50:16from whom came

00:50:16the line of

00:50:17kings known as

00:50:18the Saludae, so

00:50:21famous in

00:50:21history, and

00:50:23then Ptolemy, son

00:50:24of Lagos, who

00:50:26had Egypt.

00:50:28These held

00:50:29dominion toward

00:50:30the four winds

00:50:30of heaven.

00:50:33Cassander had

00:50:34the western

00:50:36parts, Lysimachus,

00:50:38he had the

00:50:39northern regions,

00:50:40Seleucus had

00:50:41the eastern

00:50:41countries, and

00:50:42of course,

00:50:42Ptolemy, the

00:50:43southern portion

00:50:44of the empire.

00:50:46Now, I'll

00:50:48get back to

00:50:48that in just

00:50:49a minute, but

00:50:49what's meant by

00:50:50the expression,

00:50:52the four winds

00:50:53of heaven?

00:50:55The four winds

00:50:56of heaven.

00:50:57Well, notice

00:50:58what Mansell,

00:51:00in his book,

00:51:01Open Secrets

00:51:02of the Antichrist,

00:51:02page 52, says

00:51:03about this.

00:51:04He says, the

00:51:05four winds of

00:51:05heaven, it's a

00:51:06Hebrew way of

00:51:07saying, quote,

00:51:09from one of the

00:51:10four cardinal

00:51:10points of the

00:51:11compass, without

00:51:13specifying from

00:51:14which direction.

00:51:17So, from four

00:51:20notable ones, from

00:51:21the four winds

00:51:23of heaven.

00:51:25Now, let's

00:51:26think about what

00:51:27we've learned so

00:51:28far.

00:51:32There's no doubt

00:51:33that the he-goat

00:51:36of Daniel 8 is

00:51:37parallel to the

00:51:38leopard of Daniel

00:51:387, is there?

00:51:40There's no doubt

00:51:41of that.

00:51:42We know this for

00:51:42a couple of

00:51:43reasons.

00:51:44First, in

00:51:47Daniel 8, the

00:51:49he-goat is

00:51:50conquering so

00:51:51swiftly that it

00:51:53doesn't even touch

00:51:54the earth, right?

00:51:55It doesn't touch

00:51:55the ground, it

00:51:56says.

00:51:57In other words,

00:51:58it's a flying

00:51:59goat, right?

00:52:01In Daniel 7, do

00:52:03we see anything

00:52:03similar?

00:52:05It's kind of like

00:52:05that.

00:52:06We have the

00:52:06leopard, don't

00:52:07we?

00:52:08Which is a

00:52:08swift beast in

00:52:09itself.

00:52:10But it's

00:52:11rendered even

00:52:11swifter because it

00:52:12has four wings of

00:52:14an eagle, right?

00:52:15Four wings.

00:52:18So we see there's a

00:52:19parallel there.

00:52:21Second reason.

00:52:23The he-goat of

00:52:24Daniel 8 sprouts

00:52:24four horns.

00:52:26And the leopard of

00:52:27Daniel 7 has what?

00:52:29Has four heads.

00:52:31And so, the he-goat of

00:52:33Daniel 8 is parallel to

00:52:35the leopard of Daniel

00:52:357.

00:52:36And as we compare

00:52:38the leopard of

00:52:39Daniel 7 with the

00:52:40he-goat of Daniel 8,

00:52:41we've got to conclude

00:52:42that this kingdom had

00:52:43two main periods of

00:52:44existence.

00:52:47The first was during

00:52:48the reign of the

00:52:49notable horn.

00:52:50And who was that

00:52:51notable horn?

00:52:53It was Alexander the

00:52:54Great, right?

00:52:57And then the second

00:52:58was after the

00:52:59notable horn was

00:53:01broken, and four

00:53:03came up in its

00:53:04place.

00:53:06You know, if we

00:53:07only had Daniel 7,

00:53:09we might actually

00:53:10conclude that this

00:53:11was a quadruple

00:53:12kingdom from the

00:53:13start.

00:53:14There's no

00:53:15clarification, see,

00:53:16other than that.

00:53:17But Daniel 8 clearly

00:53:19adds to the picture,

00:53:20doesn't it?

00:53:21By showing that the

00:53:22kingdom had one ruler

00:53:23at first, and later

00:53:24was divided into four

00:53:25parts.

00:53:27God is so good to us.

00:53:28He explains it all to

00:53:30us.

00:53:30And the text

00:53:32clearly informs us

00:53:33that, there,

00:53:34Daniel 8, 21, that

00:53:35the rough goat is

00:53:37the king of Greece,

00:53:38right?

00:53:38The great horn that

00:53:39is between his eyes

00:53:40is the first king,

00:53:41we were told.

00:53:46And as we've seen,

00:53:47the first king of the

00:53:48Hellenistic age was

00:53:50Alexander the Great.

00:53:52You know, in

00:53:52classical antiquity,

00:53:56the Hellenistic period

00:53:57covers the time in

00:53:59Greek history after

00:54:00classical Greece,

00:54:02between Alexander the

00:54:03Great and then,

00:54:05I think, about the

00:54:06death of Cleopatra,

00:54:08around in there,

00:54:09which was followed

00:54:10by the, you know,

00:54:12the Roman Empire,

00:54:13descendancy of the

00:54:13Roman Empire.

00:54:16But these new

00:54:17Greek kingdoms,

00:54:19after the generals

00:54:20of Alexander,

00:54:21that split the

00:54:22territories of the

00:54:23Empire, they were

00:54:24influenced by regional

00:54:27indigenous cultures,

00:54:29they adopted local

00:54:31practices where

00:54:32deemed beneficial,

00:54:34or necessary,

00:54:37or convenient.

00:54:39Hellenistic culture

00:54:40represented a fusion

00:54:41of the ancient

00:54:43Greek world with

00:54:44that of the

00:54:45Western Asian,

00:54:49and they were also

00:54:50in Northeastern Africa,

00:54:52Southwestern Asia,

00:54:55and all those

00:54:55worlds came together,

00:54:56you see.

00:54:58The Hellenistic

00:54:59period saw the

00:55:02religious sphere,

00:55:06which is what

00:55:06grabbed my attention,

00:55:08of the Greek religion

00:55:09expanded through

00:55:10syncretic facets,

00:55:13syncretic meaning,

00:55:14you know,

00:55:15a fusion or

00:55:16amalgamation of

00:55:17different elements

00:55:18to create something

00:55:19new.

00:55:20And so it

00:55:21included new

00:55:21gods,

00:55:23such as

00:55:24Greco-Egyptian

00:55:27like Serapis,

00:55:29Eastern deities

00:55:30like Addis

00:55:31and Sybil,

00:55:34and

00:55:34syncretism

00:55:36between Hellenistic

00:55:37culture and

00:55:37Buddhism,

00:55:38actually,

00:55:39in Bactria

00:55:39there in

00:55:41Northwest

00:55:42India.

00:55:44It was a

00:55:45melting pot,

00:55:47virtually you

00:55:47could say,

00:55:47of all these

00:55:49heathen beliefs.

00:55:52And then

00:55:53that affected

00:55:53Christianity,

00:55:56friends.

00:55:57That's where you

00:55:58get variations

00:55:59from the

00:56:01scriptures.

00:56:03They come into

00:56:05play in some

00:56:06of the

00:56:07older manuscripts

00:56:08that we have

00:56:09today,

00:56:10which have a

00:56:12lot of error

00:56:12in them.

00:56:13and so

00:56:15the

00:56:15Hellenization

00:56:16began,

00:56:18like I said,

00:56:18with the

00:56:19death of

00:56:19Alexander the

00:56:20Great and

00:56:21ended between,

00:56:22well,

00:56:23it ended

00:56:23somewhere between

00:56:24146 and

00:56:25133 B.C.

00:56:27In reality,

00:56:28though,

00:56:29when you look at

00:56:29the Roman

00:56:30history and

00:56:31civilization,

00:56:32in many ways,

00:56:33it's a continuation

00:56:33of the

00:56:34Hellenistic

00:56:34civilization.

00:56:36Let me share

00:56:37part of it

00:56:37because you'll

00:56:38see this

00:56:39replayed.

00:56:40And there's a

00:56:41reason I'm

00:56:41sharing it.

00:56:42I'll tell you

00:56:42in just a

00:56:42minute.

00:56:43But Greek

00:56:43culture was

00:56:44widely extended

00:56:45over Greeks

00:56:45and non-Greek

00:56:46people alike.

00:56:47They took

00:56:48that culture

00:56:49for themselves.

00:56:53City life

00:56:54was reshaped

00:56:55along the

00:56:55lines of the

00:56:56Greek polis.

00:56:57Polis means

00:56:58city.

00:56:59They grew

00:57:01greater and

00:57:02bigger cities.

00:57:03Greek literature

00:57:04became the

00:57:05literature of

00:57:05the learned,

00:57:06you know,

00:57:06the scholar.

00:57:09The Apostle

00:57:09Paul had

00:57:10his run-ins

00:57:10with the

00:57:11scholars,

00:57:11if you

00:57:12recall,

00:57:13the Greek

00:57:13scholars.

00:57:14The Greek

00:57:15language became

00:57:16the ordinary

00:57:16medium of

00:57:17commercial and

00:57:17political

00:57:18interchange.

00:57:19The language

00:57:20of the

00:57:20educated.

00:57:22Artists and

00:57:23craftsmen took

00:57:24the humanistic

00:57:24Greek

00:57:25masterpieces as

00:57:26models for

00:57:27imitation.

00:57:29New temples

00:57:29were built.

00:57:30Old ones

00:57:31reconstructed on

00:57:32traditional Greek

00:57:33architectural lines.

00:57:34You see a lot

00:57:35of that in

00:57:36Roman cities.

00:57:38young men of

00:57:40the Oriental

00:57:40cities flocked

00:57:41to the Greek

00:57:41gymnasia.

00:57:43You know,

00:57:44it was the

00:57:44Greeks that

00:57:44started the

00:57:45Olympics,

00:57:46right?

00:57:48Greek cults

00:57:49were instituted

00:57:50in regions

00:57:50once sacred

00:57:51to Oriental

00:57:52gods.

00:57:55The Orient

00:57:56was made a

00:57:57captive to

00:57:57Greek culture,

00:57:58but in the

00:57:59course of the

00:58:00second century

00:58:01BC,

00:58:02the old

00:58:02Oriental

00:58:03influence made

00:58:03their power

00:58:04felt once

00:58:04again,

00:58:07forcing

00:58:07themselves

00:58:08into and

00:58:09through the

00:58:09Hellenistic

00:58:10surface.

00:58:11Because the

00:58:12Greeks didn't

00:58:13destroy them,

00:58:14it was an

00:58:14amalgamation.

00:58:17And I want

00:58:18to tell you

00:58:18that this

00:58:18history is

00:58:19important because

00:58:20we can trace

00:58:21the characteristics

00:58:23of the little

00:58:24horn of

00:58:24Daniel again

00:58:25in the

00:58:26amalgamated

00:58:27beast,

00:58:28that sea

00:58:28beast of

00:58:29Revelation 13

00:58:30verses 1

00:58:31to 11,

00:58:32which has

00:58:33certain parts

00:58:34of the first

00:58:34three kingdoms,

00:58:35right?

00:58:36Babylon,

00:58:37Medo-Persia,

00:58:38and Greece.

00:58:39It has them

00:58:39mingled within

00:58:41it, that

00:58:42sea beast.

00:58:44But now I

00:58:45want to get

00:58:45back to the

00:58:45four horns,

00:58:47the four

00:58:47notable ones.

00:58:50In much

00:58:51of history,

00:58:53and especially

00:58:54in Adventist

00:58:55circles,

00:58:57the four horns

00:58:57are commonly

00:58:58interpreted as,

00:59:00and I've

00:59:00interpreted that

00:59:01way as well,

00:59:03as the

00:59:03Alexander's

00:59:04four generals,

00:59:05Cassander,

00:59:07Seleucus,

00:59:08Lysimachus,

00:59:09and Ptolemy.

00:59:11But I

00:59:12want to tell

00:59:13you that

00:59:16this

00:59:17understanding

00:59:18does have

00:59:19its problems.

00:59:20Let me put it

00:59:20that way.

00:59:22And we do

00:59:23need to see

00:59:24these problems.

00:59:27First of

00:59:28all,

00:59:29the four

00:59:30horns are

00:59:31clearly identified

00:59:32in Daniel

00:59:338,

00:59:33verse 22,

00:59:34as kingdoms,

00:59:36and not as

00:59:37kings.

00:59:39Daniel 8,

00:59:40verse 22,

00:59:40says,

00:59:41Now that

00:59:42being broken,

00:59:43whereas four

00:59:44stood up for

00:59:45it,

00:59:46four kingdoms

00:59:47shall stand up

00:59:48out of the

00:59:50nation,

00:59:50but not in

00:59:51his power.

00:59:53We'll get back

00:59:54to that in just a

00:59:54second.

00:59:56Secondly,

00:59:57it is a

00:59:58historical fact,

00:59:59friends,

01:00:00that Alexander's

01:00:00kingdom was

01:00:01not carved up

01:00:02into four

01:00:03neat kingdoms

01:00:04immediately upon

01:00:05his death.

01:00:06And I always

01:00:07had a problem

01:00:07with that in

01:00:08all my years

01:00:09since I became

01:00:10a Christian.

01:00:10And studying

01:00:11the book of

01:00:12Daniel,

01:00:13especially getting

01:00:14into 8 and

01:00:159 and on

01:00:16into 11,

01:00:18there were just

01:00:18bits and pieces

01:00:19that made me

01:00:20scratch my head

01:00:21that just

01:00:22wasn't clear.

01:00:24His kingdom

01:00:25wasn't neatly

01:00:26sliced up like

01:00:27some historians

01:00:28lay out and

01:00:29Adventist writers

01:00:31and pioneers

01:00:32even.

01:00:33But they just

01:00:34had the

01:00:36sources that

01:00:36they had.

01:00:38Let me just

01:00:38put it that

01:00:38way.

01:00:41The history

01:00:42of Greece

01:00:42after Alexander's

01:00:43death is very

01:00:44complex.

01:00:45And it can be

01:00:46very confusing.

01:00:48You know,

01:00:49it reminds me,

01:00:50and it reminded

01:00:50me of when my

01:00:52family was digging

01:00:52into our

01:00:53ancestry and

01:00:54there were

01:00:54several forefathers

01:00:55in our ancestry

01:00:56that had the

01:00:57name of John.

01:00:59And some

01:01:00around the

01:01:00same time frame.

01:01:02But they

01:01:03weren't the same,

01:01:03it turns out

01:01:04they weren't the

01:01:04same person.

01:01:05It was very

01:01:05confusing.

01:01:06So it takes

01:01:07more digging.

01:01:08It takes more

01:01:08information.

01:01:09It takes a lot

01:01:10of reasoning

01:01:11and praying

01:01:12to get it

01:01:13figured out

01:01:13the best that

01:01:14you can.

01:01:17Alexander's

01:01:18kingdom was

01:01:18not sliced up

01:01:19into four neat

01:01:20kingdoms immediately

01:01:21upon his death.

01:01:23Sometimes there

01:01:24were three kingdoms.

01:01:26At other times

01:01:27there were four

01:01:28kingdoms.

01:01:29For a short

01:01:29period, like

01:01:31around, I

01:01:31think, 280

01:01:32BC, there

01:01:33were only two

01:01:34kingdoms.

01:01:36So when that

01:01:37happens, and

01:01:38this is what has

01:01:38always kind of

01:01:39plagued me in

01:01:40understanding it,

01:01:41you know, I'd

01:01:42ask myself then,

01:01:44are the four

01:01:44kingdoms, who

01:01:46are the four

01:01:47kingdoms represented

01:01:48by the four

01:01:48horns when you

01:01:49got such turmoil

01:01:51in all this

01:01:53Greek history?

01:01:53And it's a

01:01:56fair question.

01:01:57And it's one

01:01:58that we've got

01:01:58to answer.

01:02:01And so I want

01:02:02to share with

01:02:02you a comment

01:02:03by historian

01:02:04W.W.

01:02:06Tarn.

01:02:07He actually

01:02:07identifies them

01:02:09for us,

01:02:10remarkably.

01:02:11And it

01:02:12works out.

01:02:13It actually

01:02:14is correct as

01:02:15you go on.

01:02:16And I'll share

01:02:16it as we go

01:02:16on in our

01:02:17series of

01:02:18studies.

01:02:19But in his

01:02:20book,

01:02:21Hellenistic

01:02:21Civilization,

01:02:22page 6,

01:02:24notice what

01:02:25Tarn says.

01:02:26He says,

01:02:27he, that's

01:02:28Alexander,

01:02:29left no heir.

01:02:31Now, why

01:02:32didn't he leave

01:02:32an heir?

01:02:34Some people say,

01:02:34well, he had

01:02:35two sons and

01:02:36they took over.

01:02:36No, no.

01:02:37He did have

01:02:38that.

01:02:39But he hadn't

01:02:40laid out an

01:02:41heir.

01:02:42He had not

01:02:42chosen an heir.

01:02:43And this is

01:02:44what Tarn's

01:02:44saying.

01:02:46And so he

01:02:47says, he left

01:02:47no heir.

01:02:48And had

01:02:49made no

01:02:50arrangements for

01:02:51carrying on the

01:02:51government.

01:02:52I want you to

01:02:53notice how

01:02:59this fits

01:02:59precisely with

01:03:01Daniel 8,

01:03:02verse 22,

01:03:02where we are

01:03:03told that the

01:03:03four kingdoms

01:03:04would stand up

01:03:06out of the

01:03:06nation, but

01:03:07not in his

01:03:08power.

01:03:10It fits

01:03:10perfect.

01:03:11He goes on,

01:03:12he says,

01:03:12once the

01:03:12uprisings of

01:03:13Greece in the

01:03:14Lamian War

01:03:15and of the

01:03:15Greeks in the

01:03:16Far East were

01:03:16defeated,

01:03:17a struggle

01:03:18for power

01:03:19started among

01:03:20his generals.

01:03:21We knew that.

01:03:21In the shape

01:03:22of war between

01:03:23the Satrips,

01:03:24territorial

01:03:25dynasts,

01:03:26he says,

01:03:27they were like

01:03:28governors.

01:03:29And whatever

01:03:30central power

01:03:30aimed at

01:03:31general control,

01:03:32they started

01:03:32fighting like

01:03:33crazy.

01:03:33The battle

01:03:34of Ipsos in

01:03:35301 definitely

01:03:36decided that the

01:03:37Graeco-Macedonian

01:03:38world could not

01:03:40be held together.

01:03:42And that world

01:03:43presently returned

01:03:44very much to

01:03:44political shape it

01:03:45had before

01:03:46Alexander.

01:03:47What had

01:03:47Alexander done?

01:03:48He had united

01:03:49the Greek states,

01:03:51right?

01:03:51Now it's all

01:03:52divided up again.

01:03:56And though

01:03:56Tarn says,

01:03:59as he goes on,

01:04:00he says,

01:04:01could not be

01:04:02held together.

01:04:03And that world

01:04:03presently returned

01:04:04very much to the

01:04:05political shape it

01:04:06had before Alexander,

01:04:06though under

01:04:07different rulers

01:04:08and a different

01:04:09civilization.

01:04:10By 275,

01:04:14three dynasties

01:04:16descended from

01:04:17three of his

01:04:17generals were

01:04:19well established.

01:04:20The Seleucids

01:04:21ruled much of

01:04:22what had been

01:04:23the Persian

01:04:24Empire in Asia.

01:04:25The Ptolemies

01:04:26ruled Egypt.

01:04:27And the

01:04:28Antigonids,

01:04:30Macedonia.

01:04:31A fourth

01:04:33European dynasty

01:04:34not connected

01:04:35with Alexander.

01:04:36The Antelids

01:04:37of Pergamum

01:04:38subsequently

01:04:39grew up in

01:04:40Asia Minor

01:04:41at Seleucid

01:04:42expense and

01:04:43became great

01:04:44by the favor

01:04:45of Rome.

01:04:47End quote.

01:04:50Basically here,

01:04:52friends,

01:04:55Tarn is trying

01:04:56to make

01:04:56simple a very

01:04:57complex history

01:04:58of wars

01:04:59between several

01:04:59generals.

01:05:01And so I want

01:05:02to take a

01:05:03closer look.

01:05:05Bear with me

01:05:05please.

01:05:07You had the

01:05:08Seleucid

01:05:09kingdom,

01:05:10right?

01:05:11It was founded

01:05:12in 312 BC

01:05:13by the

01:05:15Macedonian

01:05:15general

01:05:16Seleucus

01:05:17Nicator,

01:05:18following

01:05:19Seleucus

01:05:19I Nicator,

01:05:20following the

01:05:21division of

01:05:21the Macedonian

01:05:22Empire,

01:05:23founded by

01:05:23Alexander the

01:05:24Great,

01:05:25ruled by

01:05:25the Seleucid

01:05:27dynasty until

01:05:28its annexation

01:05:29by the

01:05:31Roman Republic

01:05:31under Pompeii

01:05:32and 63

01:05:33BC.

01:05:38And you

01:05:38find Rome,

01:05:41of course,

01:05:42conquered Greece.

01:05:44So that's the

01:05:44end of all

01:05:45these.

01:05:45We'll see.

01:05:46But only one,

01:05:47only one of

01:05:49these we find

01:05:50that the little

01:05:51horn comes out

01:05:51of.

01:05:52And that's the

01:05:52important point

01:05:53about this.

01:05:54But let's go

01:05:54on.

01:05:55Then you had

01:05:55Ptolemy.

01:05:57Ptolemy, of

01:05:58course, he was

01:05:58a general.

01:05:59He was one of

01:06:00the bodyguards

01:06:00of Alexander

01:06:01the Great.

01:06:01He was

01:06:02appointed ruler

01:06:03of Egypt

01:06:03after Alexander's

01:06:04death in

01:06:05323 BC.

01:06:08And in

01:06:08305 BC,

01:06:09he declared

01:06:10himself Pharaoh

01:06:11Ptolemy I.

01:06:13And the

01:06:14interesting thing

01:06:15about that is

01:06:16that the

01:06:16Egyptians soon

01:06:17accepted the

01:06:17Ptolemies as

01:06:18successors to

01:06:19the pharaohs of

01:06:20independent Egypt

01:06:21in the

01:06:23Ptolemaic

01:06:23kingdom reigned

01:06:24for 275 years.

01:06:26It was the

01:06:26longest and

01:06:27the last

01:06:27dynasty of

01:06:28ancient Egypt

01:06:29start from

01:06:30305 BC

01:06:31until its

01:06:32incorporation

01:06:33into the

01:06:33Roman

01:06:33Republic in

01:06:3430 BC.

01:06:36And then you

01:06:37had Cassander.

01:06:40Cassander was

01:06:41a son of

01:06:42Antipater and

01:06:43a contemporary

01:06:44of Alexander

01:06:45the Great.

01:06:46He went to

01:06:46school with

01:06:47him, remember.

01:06:48He was one

01:06:49of the

01:06:49diodice who

01:06:50warred over

01:06:51Alexander's

01:06:53empire following

01:06:54his death.

01:06:55The diodice

01:06:56were the

01:06:57rival generals

01:06:58and the

01:06:59families and

01:06:59the friends

01:07:00of Alexander

01:07:00the Great.

01:07:01They all

01:07:02fought.

01:07:03It wasn't

01:07:03just generals

01:07:04that fought

01:07:04over this

01:07:05kingdom.

01:07:06It was

01:07:07politicians.

01:07:08It was

01:07:08families.

01:07:09It was like

01:07:10the mafia

01:07:10fighting for

01:07:11territory.

01:07:16When he

01:07:17died, it

01:07:17was like

01:07:18all-out war

01:07:20between

01:07:21everybody.

01:07:23Cassander

01:07:23seized power

01:07:24by having

01:07:25Alexander's

01:07:26son and

01:07:26heir,

01:07:27which he

01:07:28never named,

01:07:29but Alexander

01:07:30IV, he

01:07:30murdered him.

01:07:32Cassander

01:07:33was the

01:07:33king of

01:07:34the ancient

01:07:34Greek kingdom

01:07:34of Macedonia

01:07:35from 305

01:07:36until 297

01:07:37BC.

01:07:38He wound up

01:07:39being like

01:07:39a de facto

01:07:40ruler of

01:07:41southern

01:07:41Greece in

01:07:43317 BC

01:07:44until he

01:07:45died.

01:07:47But then

01:07:47you have

01:07:47these other

01:07:48couple kingdoms

01:07:49that Tarn

01:07:51had mentioned.

01:07:52The

01:07:52Anagondid

01:07:53kingdom.

01:07:54It was

01:07:55founded by

01:07:56Anagondis

01:07:57I,

01:07:59Monothalmus.

01:08:01And he

01:08:01was a

01:08:01general of

01:08:03Alexander

01:08:03the Great.

01:08:05The dynasty

01:08:06first came to

01:08:07power after the

01:08:08Battle of

01:08:08Salamis in

01:08:09306 BC

01:08:10when they

01:08:11ousted

01:08:11General

01:08:12Cassander's

01:08:12governor over

01:08:13Athens.

01:08:15And they

01:08:16ruled much

01:08:16of the

01:08:16Hellenistic

01:08:17Greece from

01:08:19294 BC

01:08:20until their

01:08:20defeat of the

01:08:21Battle of

01:08:21Pippinah

01:08:22168 BC.

01:08:23After which

01:08:23Macedon then

01:08:24of course came

01:08:26under the

01:08:26control of

01:08:27the Roman

01:08:28Republic.

01:08:29So you

01:08:29have them

01:08:29see all the

01:08:30way up to

01:08:31the Roman

01:08:31Republic.

01:08:33Then you

01:08:33have the

01:08:34Annalid

01:08:34kingdom.

01:08:35It's also

01:08:35known as

01:08:36the kingdom

01:08:37of Pergamum.

01:08:38And they

01:08:39are intriguing.

01:08:42And we'll

01:08:42find a lot

01:08:42more about

01:08:43them as we

01:08:43go on.

01:08:46But

01:08:46Pergamum

01:08:47was a

01:08:48rump state

01:08:49that was

01:08:49created from

01:08:50the territory

01:08:51that was

01:08:52ruled by

01:08:52Lysimachus.

01:08:54He was

01:08:54one of the

01:08:56four generals

01:08:56that are

01:08:57normally

01:08:57mentioned.

01:08:59Now a

01:09:00rump state

01:09:00is a

01:09:00remnant of

01:09:01a much

01:09:01larger state

01:09:04that was

01:09:04reduced due

01:09:06to either

01:09:07secession or

01:09:07annexation or

01:09:08occupation or

01:09:09maybe it was

01:09:10decolonized or

01:09:11there was a

01:09:12coup d'etat or

01:09:14a revolution.

01:09:15Whatever it

01:09:15is, it's

01:09:16no longer as

01:09:18large as

01:09:18its former

01:09:19territory.

01:09:20But there

01:09:22was a

01:09:22fellow by

01:09:23the name

01:09:23of Philateras.

01:09:25He was

01:09:25one of

01:09:25Lysimachus'

01:09:26lieutenants.

01:09:28And he

01:09:28rebelled,

01:09:29you see.

01:09:30And he

01:09:30took the

01:09:30city of

01:09:31Pergamum and

01:09:31its surroundings

01:09:32with him.

01:09:34And it

01:09:35wasn't long

01:09:35after he

01:09:35did that

01:09:36that Lysimachus

01:09:36died.

01:09:37In fact,

01:09:37it was

01:09:37probably because

01:09:38Lysimachus

01:09:38was close

01:09:41to being

01:09:42taken care

01:09:44of,

01:09:44you could

01:09:44say,

01:09:45that kind

01:09:49of gave

01:09:50Philateras

01:09:51the courage

01:09:54to do

01:09:54this.

01:09:57But the

01:09:59new kingdom

01:09:59was initially

01:10:00in kind of

01:10:01a vassal-like

01:10:02relationship of

01:10:03nominal fealty

01:10:05to the

01:10:05Seleucid

01:10:05empire, but

01:10:06exercised

01:10:08considerable

01:10:08autonomy and

01:10:09soon became

01:10:09entirely

01:10:10independent.

01:10:10it was a

01:10:12monarchy

01:10:12ruled by

01:10:14Philateras'

01:10:15extended family

01:10:16and their

01:10:16descendants.

01:10:17It lasted

01:10:17around 150

01:10:19years before

01:10:20eventually being

01:10:22absorbed by

01:10:23Rome.

01:10:26But it's

01:10:27interesting

01:10:27to note

01:10:29that after

01:10:33coming closer

01:10:33than anyone

01:10:34to reuniting

01:10:36the empire

01:10:37of Alexander

01:10:38and all those

01:10:38Greek states,

01:10:39Antichus

01:10:40Monothalamus

01:10:41was defeated

01:10:42and killed

01:10:43in the

01:10:43great battle

01:10:43of Ipsos

01:10:44in 301

01:10:45BC.

01:10:46And the

01:10:46territory he

01:10:47formerly

01:10:47controlled,

01:10:49it was then

01:10:50divided among

01:10:50his enemies.

01:10:51Remember when

01:10:51he was in

01:10:52there,

01:10:52there was

01:10:52only three

01:10:52kingdoms.

01:10:54But then

01:10:54it was

01:10:54divided

01:10:55amongst

01:10:55his enemies,

01:10:56Cassander,

01:10:57Ptolemy,

01:10:58Lysimachus,

01:10:59and Seleucius.

01:11:00And this

01:11:00is where all

01:11:01the confusion

01:11:02comes in,

01:11:03you see.

01:11:05But when

01:11:05we really

01:11:06dig into

01:11:07the details,

01:11:08and I'm

01:11:08not,

01:11:08and I'm

01:11:09just touching

01:11:09the surface

01:11:10and I

01:11:10hope your

01:11:11eyes aren't

01:11:12glazed

01:11:12over,

01:11:14but you

01:11:14dig into

01:11:14the details

01:11:15that can

01:11:16be said

01:11:17very safely

01:11:18that the

01:11:18four horns

01:11:19actually

01:11:21represent

01:11:22Antigonids

01:11:23who governed

01:11:24Macedonian

01:11:25Greece in

01:11:25the west,

01:11:27the Seleucids

01:11:28correctly,

01:11:29who ruled

01:11:29Syria and

01:11:30Mesopotamia in

01:11:30the east,

01:11:31then the

01:11:32Ptolemies of

01:11:33course,

01:11:34who ruled

01:11:34Egypt in

01:11:35the south,

01:11:36but then

01:11:37it's the

01:11:37Antelids,

01:11:38who ruled

01:11:40the kingdom

01:11:40of Pergamum

01:11:41in the

01:11:42north.

01:11:44And I'm

01:11:45not going to

01:11:45end it

01:11:46there,

01:11:46we'll find

01:11:47out exactly

01:11:49why that's

01:11:49so.

01:11:52You know,

01:11:54some of

01:11:55this will

01:11:55be argued

01:11:56for and

01:11:56against,

01:11:57but the

01:11:58most important

01:11:58question about

01:11:59this is for

01:12:00us.

01:12:02The most

01:12:02important

01:12:03question,

01:12:04because

01:12:05historians,

01:12:06let me share

01:12:07something with

01:12:07your friends,

01:12:08historians often

01:12:09argue amongst

01:12:10themselves.

01:12:11We're not

01:12:12alive back

01:12:13then.

01:12:15We read

01:12:16these documents

01:12:17and try to

01:12:18put puzzles,

01:12:19pieces together

01:12:20by faith,

01:12:21don't we?

01:12:23But the

01:12:23most important

01:12:24question about

01:12:25all this and

01:12:25concerning our

01:12:26study of the

01:12:26Bible and

01:12:27the book of

01:12:28Daniel and

01:12:29here in

01:12:29Daniel 8 is

01:12:30out of which

01:12:31of these four

01:12:32kingdoms did

01:12:32the little

01:12:33horn come

01:12:34forth.

01:12:35That is the

01:12:36question that

01:12:37continues us

01:12:38down the road

01:12:39of truth.

01:12:39It really

01:12:40wouldn't matter

01:12:41the names and

01:12:42whoever of the

01:12:42kingdoms,

01:12:43what four

01:12:43kingdoms there

01:12:44were,

01:12:44which one of

01:12:44the kingdoms

01:12:45though is

01:12:46the source

01:12:47or the little

01:12:48horn where

01:12:48he come out

01:12:49of.

01:12:50Because he

01:12:51comes out of

01:12:51one of them.

01:12:55But before we

01:12:56can answer this

01:12:57question,

01:12:57we've got to

01:12:57deal with two

01:12:58issues which

01:12:59are very

01:13:02very closely

01:13:03related that

01:13:04come up too

01:13:04often.

01:13:06And let me

01:13:08spend just a

01:13:08little bit of

01:13:09time on this.

01:13:13The first

01:13:14issue is that

01:13:16Seventh-day Adventists

01:13:20with few

01:13:20exceptions have

01:13:21always believed

01:13:22that the

01:13:22little horn of

01:13:23Daniel 7 and

01:13:24the little horn

01:13:24of Daniel 8

01:13:25represent the

01:13:31same power,

01:13:33namely Papal

01:13:33Rome.

01:13:35However,

01:13:37this

01:13:37interpretation

01:13:40presents an

01:13:41apparently

01:13:41insurmountable

01:13:42problem and

01:13:43it's this.

01:13:45The little

01:13:45horn of

01:13:46Daniel 7,

01:13:46if you'll

01:13:47recall,

01:13:47arises from the

01:13:48dragon beast

01:13:49which is a

01:13:49symbol of

01:13:49pagan Rome.

01:13:51However,

01:13:52the little

01:13:52horn of

01:13:52Daniel 8

01:13:53rises from

01:13:53one of the

01:13:54four divisions

01:13:54of the

01:13:55Greek Empire.

01:13:57And so we

01:13:57look at that

01:13:58and we go,

01:13:58how can the

01:13:59little horn

01:13:59arise both

01:14:00from Greece

01:14:00and from

01:14:01Rome?

01:14:02How can

01:14:03this apparent

01:14:04discrepancy be

01:14:05resolved?

01:14:07And it

01:14:08can.

01:14:09But this

01:14:10brings us to

01:14:11our second

01:14:12issue.

01:14:13Most Adventist

01:14:14authors have

01:14:15attempted to

01:14:16resolve this

01:14:17by affirming

01:14:19that the

01:14:19little horn

01:14:19did not arise

01:14:21from one

01:14:22of the

01:14:22four horns

01:14:23but rather

01:14:24from one

01:14:25of the

01:14:25four winds

01:14:26of heaven.

01:14:29You see,

01:14:30the expression

01:14:30the four winds

01:14:32of heaven

01:14:33is much more

01:14:34indefinite than

01:14:35the expression

01:14:35four horns.

01:14:37If the

01:14:38little horn

01:14:39arises from

01:14:40one of the

01:14:40four winds

01:14:41of heaven,

01:14:42you see,

01:14:42it could

01:14:42arise just

01:14:43about anywhere

01:14:44in the world

01:14:45including

01:14:46Rome.

01:14:48Right?

01:14:49However,

01:14:51if it

01:14:51arose

01:14:52from one

01:14:54of the

01:14:55four horns,

01:14:57it'd have

01:14:57to arise

01:14:58specifically

01:14:58from one

01:14:59of the

01:14:59four

01:14:59Hellenistic

01:15:00or Greek

01:15:00kingdoms.

01:15:03I believe

01:15:03that the

01:15:04attempt to

01:15:04prove that

01:15:05the little

01:15:05horn came

01:15:06forth from

01:15:06one of the

01:15:07winds and

01:15:07not from

01:15:08one of the

01:15:08horns might

01:15:09be well

01:15:09intended,

01:15:09but it's

01:15:10not needed.

01:15:11You don't

01:15:12need it to

01:15:12resolve the

01:15:13problem.

01:15:15What do I

01:15:15mean?

01:15:16First of all,

01:15:18we must

01:15:18examine the

01:15:19Hebrew text

01:15:20to determine

01:15:20whether the

01:15:22little horn

01:15:22arose from

01:15:23the winds

01:15:23or from

01:15:23the horns.

01:15:24The text

01:15:25literally reads

01:15:26four notable

01:15:27ones,

01:15:27which is

01:15:28feminine,

01:15:28toward the

01:15:29four winds,

01:15:30masculine,

01:15:31and out of

01:15:31one,

01:15:32masculine,

01:15:33of them,

01:15:34feminine,

01:15:34came forth

01:15:35a little

01:15:35horn.

01:15:36That's how

01:15:36it reads.

01:15:37The gender

01:15:38of the words

01:15:38in the

01:15:39literal text

01:15:39indicates

01:15:40clearly that

01:15:40the little

01:15:41horn was

01:15:41to arise

01:15:42from one

01:15:42of the

01:15:42four horns,

01:15:43which are

01:15:43at the

01:15:44four winds

01:15:44of heaven.

01:15:45It's not

01:15:45either or,

01:15:46which a lot

01:15:47of them do,

01:15:47but it's

01:15:48rather both

01:15:48and.

01:15:51But let's

01:15:52examine history.

01:15:53I'm going to

01:15:54share with you,

01:15:54and I'm talking

01:15:55about history

01:15:55now,

01:15:56not scripture,

01:15:57I'm talking

01:15:57about history.

01:15:58First Maccabees

01:15:591.10,

01:16:00we're going to

01:16:01look at.

01:16:01We're going to

01:16:02look at

01:16:02Josephus and

01:16:03the LXX,

01:16:04the Greek Old

01:16:04Testament.

01:16:05First from

01:16:06Maccabees

01:16:07chapter 1,

01:16:098 through

01:16:1010.

01:16:11Quote,

01:16:11Alexander

01:16:12had reigned

01:16:1212 years

01:16:13when he

01:16:14died.

01:16:15Each of

01:16:15his comrades

01:16:16established

01:16:17himself in

01:16:17his own

01:16:18region.

01:16:19All assumed

01:16:20crowns after

01:16:21his death,

01:16:22they and

01:16:23their heirs

01:16:23after them

01:16:24for many

01:16:24years,

01:16:25bringing

01:16:25increasing

01:16:26evils on

01:16:27the world.

01:16:28Notice

01:16:28this,

01:16:29from these

01:16:30grew a

01:16:30sinful

01:16:31offshoot.

01:16:32And Maccabees

01:16:33says,

01:16:33Antichus

01:16:34Epiphanes,

01:16:34son of

01:16:35King

01:16:35Antichus.

01:16:36But we

01:16:37know that's

01:16:38not right.

01:16:38We know

01:16:41that's

01:16:41right.

01:16:42I mean,

01:16:42even though

01:16:42we cannot

01:16:43agree with

01:16:43the author

01:16:44of Maccabees

01:16:48on the

01:16:48identity of

01:16:49the little

01:16:49horn,

01:16:50we can

01:16:50agree that

01:16:50the evil

01:16:51offshoot

01:16:51came from

01:16:52one of

01:16:52the regions

01:16:53into which

01:16:53the kingdoms

01:16:54of Greece

01:16:54was divided,

01:16:55right?

01:16:56Now notice

01:16:56the reading

01:16:57in the

01:16:58Septuagint,

01:16:58the LXX,

01:16:59the Greek

01:17:01Old Testament.

01:17:02Quote,

01:17:03And four

01:17:04horns rose up

01:17:05in its place

01:17:06toward the

01:17:06four winds

01:17:07of heaven,

01:17:08and out

01:17:09of one

01:17:09of them,

01:17:10out of one

01:17:10of the

01:17:10horns of

01:17:11the four

01:17:11winds,

01:17:12at the

01:17:12four winds,

01:17:13came forth

01:17:14one strong

01:17:14horn.

01:17:16That's

01:17:16interesting.

01:17:17Now let's

01:17:17notice the

01:17:17words of

01:17:18Josephus

01:17:19about this

01:17:20in speaking

01:17:20of Daniel.

01:17:22Quote,

01:17:22He,

01:17:22that's

01:17:23Daniel,

01:17:24saw a

01:17:24very great

01:17:25horn,

01:17:26Alexander,

01:17:26growing out

01:17:27of the

01:17:27head of

01:17:27the he-goat,

01:17:28and that

01:17:29when it

01:17:29was broken

01:17:30off,

01:17:30four horns

01:17:31grew up

01:17:31that were

01:17:32exposed to

01:17:32each of

01:17:33the four

01:17:33winds.

01:17:34Interesting.

01:17:35And he

01:17:36wrote that

01:17:36out of them

01:17:37arose another

01:17:38lesser horn,

01:17:39which,

01:17:39as he said,

01:17:40waxed great.

01:17:42And so,

01:17:43when

01:17:43Josephus

01:17:45speaks

01:17:45of four

01:17:49horns,

01:17:50which were

01:17:50exposed to

01:17:51each of

01:17:52the four

01:17:52winds,

01:17:53friends,

01:17:53it's clear

01:17:53that he

01:17:53means that

01:17:54the kingdom

01:17:55of Alexander

01:17:55was divided

01:17:56into four

01:17:57kingdoms,

01:17:57which are

01:17:57to be

01:17:58found at

01:17:58each of

01:17:59the four

01:17:59points of

01:17:59the compass.

01:18:00In other

01:18:00words,

01:18:01the four

01:18:01horns would

01:18:02be four

01:18:02kingdoms,

01:18:03one to

01:18:03the south,

01:18:04one to

01:18:04the north,

01:18:05one to

01:18:05the east,

01:18:05and the

01:18:06other to

01:18:06the west,

01:18:07in what

01:18:07used to

01:18:07be

01:18:08Alexander's

01:18:08empire.

01:18:10So,

01:18:10again,

01:18:10the critical

01:18:11question is,

01:18:12from which

01:18:13of these

01:18:14four kingdoms

01:18:15did the

01:18:15little horn

01:18:16arise?

01:18:18We must

01:18:19remember that

01:18:20the little

01:18:20horn is a

01:18:21symbol of

01:18:21both pagan

01:18:22and papal

01:18:22Rome,

01:18:23as we

01:18:24shall see,

01:18:25and this

01:18:25can be

01:18:26proved from

01:18:26the Bible

01:18:26text itself.

01:18:29In order

01:18:29to comprehend

01:18:30from which

01:18:30kingdom the

01:18:31little horn

01:18:31emerges,

01:18:32it will be

01:18:32necessary,

01:18:33again,

01:18:34to provide

01:18:35some extensive

01:18:36historical

01:18:37background.

01:18:38Some people

01:18:38go,

01:18:38eee,

01:18:39and we'll

01:18:41begin in

01:18:41Daniel 2

01:18:42the next

01:18:42time that

01:18:43we get

01:18:43together.

01:18:44Let's have

01:18:45a word of

01:18:45prayer at

01:18:46this time.

01:18:47Father in

01:18:47heaven,

01:18:47we do

01:18:47thank you

01:18:48so much

01:18:48for this

01:18:49opportunity

01:18:50to study

01:18:50from your

01:18:50word.

01:18:51I know,

01:18:52Father,

01:18:52that I

01:18:52laid a lot,

01:18:53it's not

01:18:54really to

01:18:54me a lot

01:18:55of history,

01:18:55but it

01:18:56is for a

01:18:56lot of

01:18:56people,

01:18:57a lot of

01:18:57history,

01:18:58and I

01:18:58pray that

01:18:58you be

01:18:59with each

01:18:59and everyone

01:19:00who has

01:19:01heard these

01:19:01things,

01:19:02to go to

01:19:02the books

01:19:03themselves,

01:19:03to study

01:19:04this out

01:19:04for themselves,

01:19:05lead and

01:19:05direct them

01:19:06to the

01:19:08truth.

01:19:09We trust

01:19:10thee in

01:19:10all things,

01:19:12and you're

01:19:12leading,

01:19:13Lord,

01:19:14help us to

01:19:15know these

01:19:16things,

01:19:16and to be

01:19:17grounded in

01:19:18it,

01:19:18that we can

01:19:18share it

01:19:18with others.

01:19:20I humbly

01:19:20ask these

01:19:21favors in

01:19:21the blessed

01:19:22name of

01:19:22Jesus,

01:19:23who is so

01:19:23worthy.

01:19:24Amen,

01:19:25and amen.

01:19:26I want to

01:19:26thank you for

01:19:27hanging in

01:19:28there,

01:19:28being with

01:19:29me in

01:19:29this study.

01:19:30I encourage

01:19:30you to

01:19:31join us

01:19:31next time

01:19:32we get

01:19:32together,

01:19:33about a

01:19:34week,

01:19:35and we'll

01:19:36get back

01:19:37into Daniel

01:19:378 here,

01:19:38and I

01:19:39assure you,

01:19:40friends,

01:19:40once I lay

01:19:41all this

01:19:41stuff out,

01:19:43I pray,

01:19:45I pray,

01:19:46that I lay

01:19:46it out in

01:19:47such a way

01:19:47that it's

01:19:47easily understood,

01:19:50and you

01:19:50find the

01:19:51truth,

01:19:52and we

01:19:53can rest

01:19:54in it,

01:19:54right?

01:19:56I will

01:19:56encourage you,

01:19:57never doubt

01:19:58the love of

01:19:59Jesus for

01:20:00you,

01:20:00never doubt

01:20:01it.

01:20:02Keep your

01:20:02eyes heavenward,

01:20:03keep your

01:20:03eyes on

01:20:04him,

01:20:04don't look

01:20:05to this

01:20:05earth,

01:20:05that's what

01:20:05the devil

01:20:06wants,

01:20:06he wants

01:20:07to get

01:20:07control of

01:20:08you,

01:20:08as long

01:20:09as your

01:20:09eyes are

01:20:09on Jesus,

01:20:10he's a

01:20:10defeated

01:20:11foe,

01:20:12so don't

01:20:12doubt the

01:20:13love of

01:20:13Jesus,

01:20:13keep looking

01:20:14up,

01:20:14and we'll

01:20:14see you

01:20:15the next

01:20:15time we

01:20:15get together.

01:20:16God bless

01:20:17each and

01:20:17every one

01:20:17of you,

01:20:18take care.

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