Descubre el fascinante mundo de Judea durante la época de Jesús. Explora la vibrante mezcla de influencias helenísticas y la profunda arraigada cultura judía. ¿Cómo convivían el arameo, el hebreo y el griego en la vida diaria y el culto?
Sumérgete en el contexto político y religioso de esta crucial región. Entenderás la complejidad de la autoridad romana y el rol del sumo sacerdote, mientras desentrañamos los intrincados detalles de las leyes y tradiciones judías.
Conoce a los personajes clave que moldearon la historia, desde el ambicioso Herodes el Grande, su crueldad y sus imponentes construcciones, hasta sus hijos y los procuradores romanos como Poncio Pilato. Revelaremos cómo sus decisiones y legados impactaron directamente en los eventos bíblicos.
Este recorrido te abrirá los ojos a la sociedad, las creencias y las figuras que rodearon a Jesús, ofreciéndote una nueva perspectiva sobre sus enseñanzas y su ministerio.
#JudeaAntigua #ContextoBiblico #HerodesElGrande #VidaEnJesus
Sumérgete en el contexto político y religioso de esta crucial región. Entenderás la complejidad de la autoridad romana y el rol del sumo sacerdote, mientras desentrañamos los intrincados detalles de las leyes y tradiciones judías.
Conoce a los personajes clave que moldearon la historia, desde el ambicioso Herodes el Grande, su crueldad y sus imponentes construcciones, hasta sus hijos y los procuradores romanos como Poncio Pilato. Revelaremos cómo sus decisiones y legados impactaron directamente en los eventos bíblicos.
Este recorrido te abrirá los ojos a la sociedad, las creencias y las figuras que rodearon a Jesús, ofreciéndote una nueva perspectiva sobre sus enseñanzas y su ministerio.
#JudeaAntigua #ContextoBiblico #HerodesElGrande #VidaEnJesus
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00:07Now we will look at the social and religious environment of Judea. In the region of Palestine,
00:13Specifically in Judea, a notable Hellenistic influence was observed, especially
00:20in large cities that were characterized by having a considerable number of
00:27constructions and also adopting Hellenistic customs, as is the case of Caesarea
00:34Maritima, Bethsaida, Zephoris, and Tiberias. Regarding the linguistic aspect, in Palestine during the
00:44In Jesus' time, Aramaic was the commonly spoken language, while Hebrew was reserved as
00:51a liturgical language, that is, one used in worship. Because of this strong Hellenistic influence,
00:59Koine Greek was also widely used, especially in administrative contexts and
01:08commercial. From the 1st century onwards, Latin began to be introduced into the region, at least in the
01:16institutions, although their use was much more limited. Jews in Palestine enjoyed
01:25of religious freedom and the Roman Empire recognized and accepted these particularities related to
01:35Jewish traditions and laws. And do you know what this Roman Empire did? Well, to annex the
01:43In the province of Judea, the Romans had to accept the authority of the high priest over
01:49The Jews of the Diaspora. An example of this is found in the case of Paul, who had a trial
01:57before the Sanhedrin as a Jew born in the Diaspora, but he also had Roman citizenship,
02:06which allowed him to appeal to Caesar. You can read about this in the book of Acts, chapter 22.
02:14verses 24-29 and in chapter 25, verses 10-12. Likewise, Flavius Josephus,
02:24In his work Antiquities of the Jews, he mentions that the high priest had the privilege of collecting
02:32the drachma in all Jewish communities throughout the territory of the Roman Empire,
02:40arriving in Jerusalem to pay this tax freely. We see, then, that the social and religious environment...
02:48Judea in the time of Jesus was marked by the influence of Greek culture and the domination
02:55Roman, but also for the firmness of the Jewish people in maintaining their faith, traditions and culture.
03:03This context, brothers, helps us to better understand the situations that Jesus and the community experienced.
03:10to which he preached. Now let's see who the important figures of Judea were. We have in
03:20First, Herod, called Herod the Great. He was a Jewish king who ruled over Judea from the year
03:30He reigned from 37 BC until his death in 4 BC. He was known for his political acumen.
03:39and their
03:40architectural achievements, but also because he was cruel and somewhat paranoid. Among his most outstanding works,
03:49Architecturally, we have the fortress of Machaerus, Masada, the Antonia Fortress, and also the city of
04:00Caesarea Maritima, Sebastes, and Samaria. Furthermore, Herod commissioned the reconstruction and beautification of
04:11Temple of Jerusalem, thus displaying his power and wealth. And in part, well, he liked this
04:19architecture, but he also did it to win the people over. However, his reign also
04:26It was marked, as we said, by cruelty, even going so far as to order the death of family members and
04:34relatives. In the Bible we can see how part of it is narrated in the slaughter of the saints
04:42innocents in Bethlehem, an event recounted in the Gospel of Matthew, in chapter 2. And we also know that
04:53During his reign, Jesus was born during this event. This event is not narrated by Luke in
05:00Chapter 1, verse 5. After the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC,
05:08His reign was divided among several of his sons. The principal heir was Archelaus, who ruled from
05:17From 4 BC to 6 AD. He was appointed ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea.
05:27However, he was not confirmed as king immediately, but Emperor Augustus promised him this title.
05:35real if he governed virtuously, which he did not achieve, since his government did not fulfill the
05:43The emperor's expectations and he was deposed in 6 AD, being replaced by
05:52a Roman procurator. Archelaus is mentioned in Matthew chapter 2, verse 22, which tells us about
06:01Joseph was afraid to return to Judea after going to Egypt because Archelaus ruled there.
06:11Archelaus's brothers were granted much smaller territories. Herod Antipas, who ruled
06:19From 4 BC to 39 AD, he was appointed tetrarch of Perea and Galilee.
06:28the
06:28During Jesus' childhood, he ruled in Galilee and was responsible for imprisoning and beheading John the Baptist
06:35in the fortress of Machaerus, an event narrated in chapter 6 of Mark, verse 14 in
06:43go ahead. It is also under his rule that Jesus fulfills his mission and dies, as Luke does not narrate in
06:53Chapter 3, verse 1 and also in chapter 23, verses 7 to 12. In the latter we can
07:02Read that he was the one who interrogated Jesus in the Roman trial. Now let's look at Philip, another
07:10of the sons of Herod the Great, who was appointed tetrarch of Eiturrea, Trachonitis, Avilania, and Pañas,
07:20events that we can read about in Luke 3:1. In addition, they were also granted to Salome, who was the sister of
07:30Herod, the territories of Yamnea, Azotus, which were located on the Mediterranean coast, and the city of
07:37Phasael in the Jordan Valley. Let's talk now about another important figure, Pontius Pilate. After
07:47Following the deposition of Arkelau, the Roman Empire annexed Judea, which was composed of Judea and Samaria.
07:54Pilate designated the northern and southern provinces of Syria as Dumea and appointed a Roman prefect to govern it.
08:03He succeeded Coponio as the fourth prefect, although we can say that his government was very problematic and
08:13He was not very popular with Rome, since during his term Pilate provoked tensions in Jerusalem by
08:22to introduce some of Tiberius's insignia. This act generated popular protests until finally the
08:30He withdrew. He also faced a revolt due to the use of sacred temple funds for the
08:38construction of an aqueduct. So these conflicts influenced the negative perception
08:45that Emperor Tiberius felt about him, which possibly contributed to the enmity.
08:54between Herod Antipas and Pontius Pilate. Luke, in chapter 23, verse 4, tells us that Pontius
09:03Pilate wanted to avoid condemning Jesus, but he gave in to the demands of the crowd. Well,
09:11It's time to look at Jewish society in the time of Jesus. Jewish society in the time of
09:20The Church of Jesus was made up of a very select minority who enjoyed a life of luxury.
09:30It was the privileged group that included the sovereign and his court, the priestly aristocracy, the
09:38Chief tax collectors plundered, as did large merchants and landowners.
09:46of extensive estates. A social stratum immediately below this comprised the artisans, the
09:54Priests from the villages and also small farmers were part of this group, who
10:01They often faced poverty due to their debts. At the base of society were
10:10The workers, the day laborers who were unemployed, who were sometimes forced to beg for
10:18to survive, as well as the slaves, were also in this stratum. Finally, there was a
10:28group of marginalized people that included the sick, especially those suffering from illnesses
10:36of the skin, also the disabled, and all of them depended heavily on alms. Within
10:44This group can also include women whose social position was particularly vulnerable.
10:55It should be mentioned that the Pharisees referred to the common people, who were made up of
11:02by marginalized and disadvantaged people in the area of social economy or health and that
11:10They were ignorant of the law, therefore they could not comply with legal requirements and were considered
11:17impure. Now let's look at the division of social, religious, and political groups, although we must
11:28It should be mentioned that it is difficult to establish such precise distinctions between them.
11:35Let's begin with the social groups. First, we have the clergy. This group included
11:44The high priests were the highest authority in Judaism. He occupied the pinnacle of the
11:54They held a high hierarchy and wielded both civil and religious power. They were responsible for the law and the temple.
12:05and they presided over the Sanhedrin. Only the high priest had the privilege of entering the place
12:14Holy of Holies once a year. The high priests were appointed by the authorities.
12:22Romans, although it should be mentioned that the high priests were also Roman, as they were appointed by these
12:29Roman authorities, because they tried to please them in everything. The high priests then had power
12:39political, economic, and religious. Under his authority were the temple officials, the
12:48rural priests and Levites. There were about 7,000 priests divided into 24 groups
12:57and they performed their duties in the temple. They fulfilled their duties once a semester, as well as in the
13:05Pilgrimage festivities. Let's now turn our attention to the elders. Like the village elders, it is done
13:15This refers to the members of the Sanhedrin from wealthy, non-priestly families. This means that they were
13:22Lay people. They were often Sadducees and had a conservative religious tradition.
13:32Politics. Let's continue now with the scribes or doctors of the law. Among the scribes, although some were
13:42The priests were mostly laypeople, or some belonged to the group of Pharisees. They were
13:50legal specialists and those responsible for interpreting and updating the law according to the times and the problems
13:58contemporary figures who were emerging. Luke names them as doctors of the law. Now let's look at the
14:07Publicans. These were Jews who collected taxes. They worked for Rome and had
14:15the trend of increasing self-employment taxes, which caused them to be frowned upon and
14:23considered public sinners. Now we will look at religious groups. Evangelicals mention
14:34various groups and sects within Jewish society at the time, each with their own beliefs and
14:41practices. For his part, Flavius Josephus, a Jewish historian of the first century, mentions three
14:49The main sects in his work are those of the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Sesenians. We will examine these three groups.
14:59We'll briefly review them, as we already covered them last year. It's important to remember that these three...
15:09These groups emerged during the Maccabean period, between the 3rd and 2nd centuries. Let's begin by looking at the Pharisees.
15:19from a group recognized as the spiritual authority of the people. He had great observance of the law of
15:26Moses and they were in charge of the oral interpretation of it. This interpretation included a large number
15:34of precepts and casuistry difficult to comply with. We must also mention that it was a
15:41political and religious party that had great influence over the people. Now let's look at the
15:51The Sesenians. The Sesenians are mentioned by Flavius Josephus in his work The Jewish War. He speaks in
15:59She said that they practiced an ascetic lifestyle, dressed in white, and were also dedicated to
16:06to agricultural activities and were characterized by performing ritual baths. Let's move on now to the
16:16Sadducees. Unlike the Pharisees, who divided the Torah into written and oral parts, the Sadducees
16:26They valued the Torah and despised the prophetic and wisdom writings. Similarly, the
16:34Updates and interpretations of the Pharisees. It should be mentioned that they did not believe in the resurrection.
16:41Now let's look at the political groups. Among these are the Herodians, who are Jews, who
16:50They collaborate with the Roman Empire, and the Zealots. This group rebels against the Roman Empire.
16:59All of this must be taken into context to understand the reasons for these attitudes towards Jesus as
17:08Messiah. In our next video, we'll talk about institutions and holidays. See you in a moment.
17:42Thanks for watching the video.
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