00:00What does a nation's history taste like?
00:02In Kazakhstan, many would say khlmız,
00:04fermented horse milk and one of the oldest drinks in the world.
00:07In this episode of Modern Nomads,
00:09we travel across the vast depths of Kazakhstan
00:11to discover the story behind this ancient drink.
00:14This is more than just horse milk.
00:16In Kazakhstan and other countries of Central Asia, we call it khlmız.
00:20For centuries, this drink fueled and traveled with nomads across the steps,
00:24and today it remains a cherished part of the nomadic culture.
00:28So if you want to understand Kazakhstan's history and traditions more,
00:31start with a bowl of khlmız.
00:33Welcome to Modern Nomads.
00:38Beyond Central Asia, horse milk is also consumed in Mongolia
00:42and parts of China and Russia.
00:44But Kazakhstan has a special place in khlmız history.
00:47At the Bautai settlement, archaeologists found evidence
00:49of early horse domestication and traces of mare's milk on ancient pottery.
00:54The Greek historian Herodotus also described Saka tribes
00:57drinking mare's milk in the 5th century BC.
01:00Khlmız was an important source of food for nomads during wartime,
01:04and scientists are still studying its potential benefits.
01:06We asked all the khlmız producers, they uploaded for the laboratory research work.
01:13We discovered that 80% of the sample was very rich in vitamin A.
01:19More than 60% of the samples was rich by vitamin B1, B2, B5, and B6.
01:28The main miracle is the fatty acid composition.
01:32We have many unsaturated fatty acids,
01:34but also we can speak about the probiotic bacteria.
01:39And I believe that until now, nobody learning about that peptide.
01:45Khlmız is classified by strength and fermentation time,
01:48but the most-priced one is Saumal, freshly milked horse milk.
01:52To taste it, we went to Zhanarka district.
02:01For Ayman Kudjanova, it's part of her daily routine.
02:04She works as a deputy principal at a local school,
02:07but outside of the classroom, she milks around 10 meters a day.
02:11I ate 6-5 liters, I ate 5-6 liters.
02:15What is the difference between horse milking and cow milking?
02:19Now, we ate a lot of milk in the water,
02:21and we ate a lot of milk in the water.
02:24But we ate a lot of milk in the water for one hour.
02:31I ate a lot of milk in the water.
02:39One of the oldest Khlmız traditions is Khlmız Murunduq,
02:43marking the start of mere milking season.
02:45Traditionally, families returning from winter pastures
02:48would gather to taste the first Khlmız of the year and welcome summer.
02:52We came to Ulutaw region to witness that tradition.
02:59From ancient traditions to modern gastro festivals,
03:02every year, farmers from across the country come to Astana
03:05for a Buy Khlmız festival and bring their unique recipes.
03:09Inspired by Germany's Octoberfest,
03:11the festival celebrates Kazakhstan's own traditional drink, Khlmız.
03:14We came to the first festival in the 20th century.
03:17Then, we took a look and prepared our economic business.
03:22We do not have any food.
03:24We have no food.
03:25We have no food.
03:26We have no food.
03:27We have no food.
03:28We have no food.
03:29We have no food.
03:30We have no food.
03:44¡Let's taste it!
03:53¡It's tasty! ¡It's very tasty!
03:55Aquí, horsemilk is also winning fans beyond Central Asia.
03:59We've had a few cups already.
04:00It's good, it's fun.
04:01It's definitely different than anything else I've ever had.
04:04I love it, it's really good, it's very unique.
04:06I grew up around horses a lot back in the U.S.,
04:09but I had never even thought about drinking horsemilk
04:13until I came to Kazakhstan and heard about it.
04:15I think my horse would probably kill me if I tried to milk it,
04:18but we'll see.
04:19Now I can actually appreciate all the different types of kumas,
04:23because here at Balai Kumas Festival,
04:25you can see so many types where it comes from,
04:29from different regions of Kazakhstan,
04:30and I didn't know it made such a difference in the kumas.
04:35But you don't have to wait for a gastro festival to try kumas.
04:38You can find it in supermarkets.
04:40There are also kumas khana, or kumas houses in cities across Kazakhstan.
04:44Traditionally, the freshest kumas were served to guests
04:47in a leather, nomadic bottle as a sign of respect and hospitality.
04:51Today, this tradition continues,
04:53and you can come to Kazakhstan to taste it for yourself.
04:56But you can see for some good people.
05:00There are also two different types of kumas as the family,
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