00:04Hola, soy Ana Cristina Olvera y les doy la bienvenida a este nuevo episodio de Iberoamérica
00:09en órbita, el lugar donde exploramos el fascinante mundo de la ciencia y la tecnología espacial
00:14que está transformando nuestro futuro. Este programa es posible gracias a la colaboración
00:19y las plataformas de nuestros socios de ATE. El día de hoy conocerás cómo la tecnología
00:26militar puede transformarse en una herramienta para estudiar el universo. Descubriremos cómo
00:31la NASA persigue la sombra de la luna desde las alturas y viajaremos a Sudamérica para
00:37conocer la misión ELOISA, una iniciativa que abre las puertas de la ciencia espacial a nuevas
00:43generaciones. Estas en Iberoamérica en órbita.
01:05A lo largo de la historia, la exploración espacial ha mantenido un estecho vínculo con
01:11la tecnología militar. Un ejemplo es el telescopio Nancy Grace Roman de la NASA, cuyo espejo fue
01:18desarrollado originalmente para un satélite espía. Una muestra de cómo la tecnología concebida
01:24para fines bélicos puede tener un propósito mucho más valioso, impulsar la ciencia y
01:30ayudarnos a descubrir los misterios del universo.
01:54Roman will have a much larger field of view, allowing us to see more of the sky at once.
02:00Where Webb goes deep, Roman will go big.
02:04It starts with our field of view. At any instant, Roman will see 200 times the amount of sky that
02:10Hubble can see.
02:12But it's more than that. Roman will move and stop and be ready to take the next image very
02:18quickly. To put this into context, a survey that would take Roman one month would take a
02:24century with Hubble. So, Roman doesn't just do Hubble science faster. It can address entirely new,
02:30ambitious science questions. This leads to extraordinary capabilities. That one month of
02:36Roman observations could survey the Milky Way, resulting in the detection of up to half the
02:41stars in our galaxy. Those 20 billion stars would represent a catalogue of astronomical objects
02:46much larger than any in existence today, with just one month of Roman observations. Periodically,
02:54Roman will turn its sights towards the centre of our galaxy and monitor 200 million stars in a small
03:00patch of sky every 12 minutes. But it won't only image millions of stars. It will discover tens of
03:06thousands of new exoplanets. To date, we have found over 6,000 planets beyond our solar system.
03:12With Roman, we'll find up to 40 times more. Think of this as the largest census we've ever done
03:19of other planets in our galaxy. This will not only provide critical information for how planets form,
03:26but it will also reveal more about the different kinds of planets that exist around different stars.
03:31Such information will not only help us understand the nature of other planets,
03:35but also of our own solar system. We'll be able to delve deeper into the unknown.
03:41The physical nature of dark matter and dark energy, which drive the evolution and future of our own
03:47universe, remain outstanding grand challenges in both physics and astronomy. Addressing these was a
03:53prime motivation for Roman. We'll do this in three different ways. Our universe is a very dynamic place
04:00that puts on spectacular cosmic displays every second. The problem is that these events happen
04:06very quickly and often elude our telescopes. With Roman's panoramic vision, we'll not only catch
04:12these events, but we'll see many at once. We'll see tens of thousands of supernovae and use these as markers
04:19to track the expansion of our universe. We'll map huge swaths of the sky, find billions of galaxies. We'll
04:27measure the shapes of those galaxies and use this to uncover the distribution of dark matter in our
04:33universe. By precisely measuring the position and distance of galaxies, we'll be able to create a 3D map of
04:39the universe and watch how it changes on large scales over time. We'll also be able to measure how our
04:47universe has expanded over time. These studies are even more exciting now. We're seeing hints that our
04:54standard model of the universe is incorrect. Roman will be able to confirm this and provide the data
04:59needed to explore the new phenomenon. It's really tremendously exciting. We're likely to not confirm
05:06current models, but to get to explore entirely new phenomenon for the first time. We happen to be
05:14the right mission, with the right capabilities, at the right time. Our namesake, Nancy Grace Roman,
05:23NASA's first chief astronomer, would be excited not just by how far we have come, but by where we are
05:29going.
05:30She is widely known as the mother of Hubble. Less well known is that in 1959, she was one of
05:37the first
05:38people to suggest, using a space-based observatory, to look at planets around other stars. One of the
05:45most exciting things about Roman is the discovery potential. With two billion galaxies, we'll have
05:50two thousand objects that are one in a million. We'll be exploring patches of sky as a function of time
05:56with exquisite sensitivity. We'll find new things that go bump in the night. The most exciting science
06:02from Roman will be a surprise, something we couldn't predict, that will set the stage for the next deeper
06:07set of questions about our universe for future generations to explore.
06:21One eclipse total of the sun lasts just a few minutes, but if we could see the shadow of the
06:28moon to observe it for more time,
06:30that is precisely what NASA does, using planes that fly to more than 15 kilometers of altitude.
06:42For most people, a total solar eclipse lasts just a few minutes, but NASA's pilots find a way to make
06:48it last longer by trying to outrun the moon's shadow with an airplane.
06:53The truth is it's actually chasing us. We get out in front of it and let it overtake us. Once
06:58we're in totality,
06:59then we'll advance the throttles to max and try and stay in totality for as long as we can.
07:03Making that happen takes extreme precision. Scientists calculate exactly where the airplane
07:09needs to be at each moment. We do a lot of missions where being in the right point in time
07:14and space
07:14are critical, and this is one of them. On eclipse day, the WB-57 aircraft climbs more than 50,000
07:21feet
07:21into the stratosphere. That's above most of Earth's atmosphere, where clouds, dust, and water vapor could
07:28obscure the view. Viewing an eclipse from 50,000 feet provides a really clear shot of the sun,
07:34and that allows the scientists to have confidence that the data that they're seeing is from the sun
07:39rather than distortions from the atmosphere. When the moon's shadow arrives, it engulfs the aircraft.
07:45It's weird. Right where you're at it's dark, but everywhere you see it's twilight, and the temperature
07:50in the cockpit drops, so it's very noticeable. As the eclipse unfolds, the pilot keeps the aircraft on
07:55course, while the sensor operator fine-tunes the cameras, capturing every second of data.
08:00You're very, very, very busy, and it's very high pressure because, of course, there's no do-overs.
08:06You only get one opportunity to get all these instruments trained on the right spot.
08:11For the aircraft crew, it's a chance to witness one of nature's most spectacular events while helping
08:17scientists better understand our sun. I'm sitting in the best seat in the house. It's pretty exciting.
08:24The curiousness for the universe does not know borders, but the opportunities to explore it
08:30are not always the same. Mission Eloisa seeks to change this reality,
08:34about the science and the exploration espacial to women from rural communities in Argentina, Chile,
08:40Colombia and Ecuador. In our interview, Astrid Duque, one of her impulsors,
08:46we tell us how this project opens new horizons and inspires a new generation of explorers of the cosmos.
08:55Well, Mission Eloisa is a scientific camp that is due to a mission earlier,
09:03mission Valkyria, where several associations and 15 women latinoamericanas
09:09are going to start to create opportunities and projects in areas of STEM for the development of the space.
09:18All of us will receive the girls from the countries that were invited, Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador.
09:30One girl will present an idea that will be developed during the camp.
09:38So, one girl, according to those ideas, will be evaluated and will be chosen a winner by the country.
09:45She will have the opportunity to travel with all the paid expenses to this camp.
09:50So, they are going to do activities like a museum, a camera hyperbolic, a noche astronomer, etc.
09:58This convocation is directed to children between 13 and 15 years old in rural areas and public schools.
10:08That is, that they do not have access so easily to this type of opportunities.
10:13And, again, the requirement is to have a work idea.
10:17We don't need a prototype, but a idea that is developed and that the child is presented through a project
10:23and a video.
10:24Well, first of all, we decided to do this first version in the 2026 of these four countries.
10:33Because we have the representation of each flight analogous flight of the previous mission, Valkyria, that will be accompanied by
10:44us.
10:44So, as the tripes of this mission were from these countries, we decided to do the convocation of these countries.
10:52But, for the second version, we want to be more than all, Iberoamerican, of all Latin America, even to the
11:00European Union.
11:02Space and CMAE have been a fundamental part, the same as the Women of Airwasteen.
11:07We want to be more than 15 sponsors, and, well, thanks to them, this is possible.
11:25And, aparte of that, they will have a tripulant análoga that has already had the experience of living this type
11:32of campamentos during the confinement
11:34and know how to project the activities that they are going to do with these girls.
11:39So, we are going to guarantee that, after the campamentos, we have a cierre with the becas and be able
11:46to continue to follow in this process of learning.
11:50As the future, we are going to offer them to be able to join the women's lives and be able
11:54to join the women's lives,
11:56as well as the women's lives.
12:15puedan garantizar unas oportunidades y puedan velar por un proceso
12:19y así poder ser ese puente para poder ayudarles a construir un futuro mejor.
12:32Muchas gracias por ser parte de Iberoamérica en órbita.
12:36Este espacio de aprendizaje no sería posible sin la colaboración
12:39y plataformas de los socios de ATE, en especial el ILSE
12:43y las agencias informativas AFP, EFE, XINJUELA, DOCHE VELE.
12:47Para saber más sobre el espacio y otras historias,
12:49encuéntranos en la web como noticiasnsc.com
12:52y en las redes sociales nos encuentras como arroba ncciberoamérica,
12:57en EX, Facebook, Instagram y Dailymotion.
13:00Yo soy Ana Cristina Olvera y nos vemos en el siguiente episodio Entre las Estrellas.
13:22¡Suscríbete al canal!
