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02:02The group that we call Israel had a different origin than what we might conclude by superficially reading the Holy Scriptures.
02:09The reading implies that all of Israel were slaves in Egypt and that they all left for the promised land.
02:20However, the Assembly of Shechem, narrated in Joshua 24, offers us a different story.
02:25There, tribes from the north, center, and south of Palestine have gathered.
02:33In addition, there was a group of tribes who had fled from slavery in Egypt.
02:37Each tribe or group of tribes tells its own story and they spoke of the father of their respective clan, their main ancestor.
02:49For some of them, that ancestor is Abraham, for others it is Isaac, for others it is Jacob, and for others it is Israel.
02:57Each tribe shares its history and the adventures of its ancestor.
03:03The group of tribes identifies with the narratives brought by the clans that came from Egypt,
03:10who share their traditions about slavery in the lands of the Nile,
03:14the liberation,
03:17the alliance established with them in Sinai,
03:20the donation law,
03:23the march through the desert
03:25and the possession of the land that God promised to Abraham.
03:31This is how the ancestors of each group are linked,
03:35as a family, through the bond of genealogy.
03:40Abraham becomes the quintessential father,
03:43and the fathers of the remaining tribes are linked to him.
03:46Thus, Isaac, Jacob, and Israel are all related.
03:52and they become the patriarchs of the people of Israel.
03:55And to preserve the number 3, a symbol of fullness,
04:00Jacob is identified with Israel.
04:07Even now we can see two constants in the history of the Jewish people.
04:13To refer to the group of tribes as a whole under the name of Israel,
04:17despite the fact that for a long time there were several independent tribes.
04:23The distinction between two distinct groups,
04:27Israel and Judah,
04:29which was in effect for most of the time,
04:32They were only a united group during the reigns of David and Solomon.
04:37Finally, in the time of the patriarchs,
04:41Several sanctuaries were established that would be used throughout the history of the Jewish people,
04:48and whose justification lies in the theophanies that the different patriarchs have in those places.
04:55Abraham experiences his manifestation of God in Hebron Mamre,
05:02Isaac will have it in Beersheba,
05:05Jacob will have her at Bethel,
05:08and Israel at Xiquem.
05:10The Pentateuch will take care to have the patriarchs pass through such places
05:16as a way to connect not only their story,
05:20but their faith in the one God of Israel.
05:24Thus the two groups of traditions were born,
05:28those from the north with Jacob and Israel,
05:32and those of the south with Abraham and Jacob.
05:35The book of Genesis devotes a lot of space to Abraham,
05:42the father of the people of Israel.
05:44Isaac is only mentioned in relation to his father,
05:49or in relation to his son, Jacob.
05:53Two cycles of stories are told about Jacob,
05:56the one relating to his brother Esau,
05:58and the one concerning his brother-in-law Laban.
06:01Finally, the last part of the book
06:06It is dedicated to the story of Joseph
06:08that links the patriarchs of Genesis
06:11with the Hebrews subjected to slavery
06:14and freed by Moses,
06:17narrated in Exodus.
06:21The event of the Exodus and the figure of Moses
06:25Just as in the patriarchal period
06:30It was difficult to decipher the story
06:32and religious motives
06:34who produced the work of Genesis,
06:37Similarly we must see
06:38the events of the Exodus.
06:45Historical data that we can confirm
06:47about Moses
06:48are related to the fact
06:50that he was born in Egypt,
06:51It was given a name of origin
06:53and Egyptian meaning,
06:55but Moses himself
06:56He knew he was the son of Hebrews.
06:59Regarding the time
07:00where this story is set,
07:02It is possible that
07:03during the reign of Ramses II,
07:06since we are talking
07:06of the granary cities,
07:08Pithom and Ramses.
07:11Once Moses
07:12has fled from Egypt
07:13after murdering an Egyptian,
07:16The Book of Exodus says that he took refuge in Midian,
07:18in the house of a Midianite priest
07:20called Getró or Reuel,
07:23who hands over his daughter
07:24Zipporah as a wife.
07:27During his stay in Madian,
07:29has an encounter with God,
07:31who reveals himself as God
07:32of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,
07:35also revealing
07:36his name and choosing Moses
07:38for a mission,
07:41to bring Israel out of Egypt,
07:43free him from slavery
07:44and so that he may go to the desert
07:46to worship him.
07:49Next,
07:51a series is narrated
07:52of miraculous works
07:53that God performs
07:54through Moses and Aaron.
07:57This drama is constantly going on
07:58taunting,
08:00showcasing the unparalleled power
08:01of God that reaches its culmination
08:03with the death of the firstborn,
08:05which also coincides
08:06with the celebration
08:07of the Easter feast,
08:09both in its agricultural version,
08:11through the use of unleavened bread,
08:12as in its pastoral version,
08:15which consists of sacrificing
08:16to a one-year-old lamb
08:17and eat it as a symbol
08:19of communion with God
08:20and with the chosen community.
08:23Of the ten plagues
08:24We can't say much,
08:26except that it is possible
08:27that some natural events
08:29have served as a link
08:31to express
08:32that powerful presence of God,
08:35that always saves
08:36to those who suffer.
08:39Next,
08:41The departure will be narrated
08:43of the town
08:43and the persecution
08:45to which the people
08:46he is subjected
08:47by some groups
08:49of soldiers
08:50and when the people
08:51He is under siege
08:52by the enemy,
08:54in an unexpected way,
08:57suddenly they saw each other
08:58without enemies
08:58that they harassed them
09:00and with complete freedom
09:02in order to continue
09:03their path.
09:04The data we have
09:07regarding donation
09:09of the law
09:09or the ten commandments
09:10They are simple.
09:13The people camped
09:14at the skirts
09:15from Mount Sinai
09:16u Oreb
09:17according to traditions.
09:20The people experience
09:21a series of vicissitudes
09:22that are shaping
09:24their faith in God.
09:26Among these elements
09:27the ten commandments are included
09:29which has always been
09:31associated
09:31to the figure
09:32of Moses.
09:34It is also likely
09:35that it has not happened
09:36a single exit
09:37from Egypt,
09:38but in the exodus
09:39mix
09:40the several exits
09:41and the various pilgrimages
09:42through the desert
09:43before arriving
09:44to the promised land.
09:47One of the clear points
09:48on this pilgrimage
09:49It is the stay in Cades,
09:51because during this point
09:52are located
09:53some facts
09:53outstanding.
09:56The first
09:57The sister dies
09:59of Moses and Aaron.
10:01The second
10:02is being prepared
10:03the exploration
10:04of Hebron
10:04and its surroundings.
10:07And third
10:08is sent
10:09to some emissaries
10:10to Edom
10:10to ask for permission
10:11by the way
10:11through its territory.
10:14Finally
10:15in Transjordan
10:16and the plains
10:17from Moab
10:18takes place
10:19an event
10:20which is certainly
10:21historical.
10:23Death
10:23of Moses
10:24on Mount Nebo
10:25shortly before
10:27of arriving
10:28to the West Bank.
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