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00:30The Divided Monarchy
00:33The Old Testament has always spoken of Israel as one people,
00:39a single nation with which God established a covenant after freeing him from slavery in Egypt.
00:47However, this unity was only political in the times of David and Solomon,
00:52because once he assumes power, the latter's son, Rehoboam,
00:57the new political situation, coupled with communication problems and a lack of openness on the part of the new Jewish monarch,
01:05This caused the northern tribes, who are known as Israel,
01:10break definitively with his brothers in religion from the south.
01:16Following this same line of thought, the New Testament also speaks of the people of Israel as a single people.
01:22However, let us not forget that this unity, more than political or social, was primarily religious.
01:31Two different peoples, in many respects, were united by the religion that both nations professed.
01:37This political and social division can explain why the kingdom was divided.
01:44which remained united during David and Solomon,
01:47but it dissolved without much difficulty,
01:49causing that most of the time,
01:52Both peoples continued along their own paths, convictions, and history.
01:57This will not prevent them from uniting and recognizing each other as brothers at key moments.
02:03Solomon's son, Rehoboam, had the opportunity to preserve the United Kingdom,
02:11because the people of Israel asked him to reduce the workload and taxes that his father had established.
02:19However, the northern tribes rejected him as king,
02:24establishing Jeroboam as monarch,
02:27causing the division of the monarchy into two kingdoms,
02:31Israel to the north and Judah to the south.
02:35Rehoboam wanted to conquer Israel by force of arms,
02:40But the intervention of a prophet of God, Shemeiah,
02:44prevented him from carrying out said war.
02:48Shortly after the division,
02:50He faced the attacks of Sosak, king of Egypt,
02:53around 925 BC,
02:56who went around destroying and conquering several cities in Palestine.
03:02Rehoboam was able to escape destruction due to the heavy tribute paid to the pharaoh.
03:08From the son of Rehoboam,
03:11Abías, we know very little,
03:14He dedicated part of his reign to defending and defining the northern border.
03:19This era was a time of wars to define both borders,
03:24those of Israel and those of Judah.
03:26Asá, for his part,
03:30in a war against Israel,
03:32He requested help from Assyria.
03:34so that he would attack the neighboring country,
03:38with what Ba'ah of Israel
03:39He lost part of his territory in Galilee.
03:44As for Jeroboam,
03:47He had to find a balance of power
03:49among the various tribes associated with his kingdom.
03:52That's why he moved on several occasions
03:55the capital of his new kingdom,
03:58Shechem,
03:59Enuel
04:00and finally the city of Tirzah.
04:04This last move
04:06It was perhaps motivated by Sosak's raids,
04:09which also attacked the lands of Israel.
04:12In addition to that,
04:14He wanted to prevent people from returning to Jerusalem,
04:17motivated by religious reasons
04:19and that this would be a risk to his reign.
04:23That is why he built two sanctuaries
04:24on the borders of his kingdom.
04:27One built it in Dan
04:28and another in Bethel,
04:30cities that by themselves
04:31They already had a religious and theological charge
04:33in the previous history of the tribes.
04:36Besides,
04:37He installed it in each sanctuary
04:38a golden figure of a bull
04:40to symbolize with it
04:42the presence of the god of the fathers.
04:45These actions are rejected
04:47by the author of Autonomist
04:48from the Books of Kings.
04:50Even Flavius Josephus himself,
04:52states that these facts
04:53They were the beginning of evil
04:54for the Hebrews
04:55upon losing the battles
04:57and go into captivity.
05:00Upon the death of Jeroboam,
05:01his son Nadab
05:02He succeeded him on the throne.
05:05But while he was fighting
05:06against the Philistines,
05:07He was murdered
05:08by one of his generals
05:09of the militia,
05:10who seized power.
05:12Basa.
05:15Little or nothing remained
05:16of the ancient kingdom
05:16of David and Solomon
05:18when the division occurred.
05:23Two sister kingdoms
05:24turned into enemies.
05:26Religious division
05:27raised by Jeroboam
05:28with its two temples
05:30and the respective gold figures.
05:32Some possessions
05:35They were lost,
05:36the Philistines
05:37they rose to be
05:37a powerful nation
05:38and the new kings
05:40They had to fight
05:41sometimes
05:41to acquire new lands,
05:44other
05:44to conquer
05:45those who lost
05:46and others
05:48to preserve
05:49their own territory.
05:52As it happened
05:54often,
05:55at the moment
05:56to kill
05:56to a monarch,
05:57the suitors
05:58to the throne
05:59they eliminated
05:59to the whole family
06:00of the reigning king
06:01to avoid
06:02that the descendants
06:04they could claim
06:05the power
06:05at a moment
06:06certain.
06:08This happened
06:08with Nadab,
06:09who was killed
06:11along with all
06:12his family
06:12by Basá.
06:14Of this king,
06:16the Bible
06:16only states
06:17that his reign
06:18hard
06:1924 years old
06:20and upon his death
06:22It happened to him
06:23on the throne
06:24his son
06:24Ela.
06:25He was murdered
06:26along with
06:27his whole family
06:28by Senri,
06:30about whom it is said
06:31who reigned
06:32just one week.
06:34This reign
06:35so ephemeral
06:36agrees
06:36with the intention
06:37to the throne
06:38from a certain Timni,
06:39who is
06:40disputing
06:41the monarchy
06:41against Omri.
06:43According to the narrative
06:44biblical,
06:45Timni
06:46reached
06:47to reign
06:47without specifying
06:49of time
06:50and to death
06:51of this,
06:52Omri
06:52became
06:53in king
06:54from Israel.
06:56Although little
06:57It is known
06:57or it is said
06:58about the origins
06:59of Omri,
07:00given that the authors
07:01Deuteronomists
07:02They're not going to dedicate anything to him
07:03so much text
07:04as it will
07:05with his son
07:06Ahab,
07:07the truth is
07:08that Omri
07:09It was excellent.
07:10statesman
07:10that in little
07:11time gave him
07:12to Israel
07:13stability
07:14of which
07:15had not enjoyed
07:16in a little more
07:1750 years old.
07:19Imitating
07:20the skill
07:20David's
07:21and avoiding
07:22uncertainty
07:23with respect
07:23to the capital,
07:25had the vision
07:25to buy
07:26a mountain
07:27to a certain
07:27Semer
07:28and in that
07:29mountain
07:29He founded his new
07:30and stable
07:31capital,
07:32Samaria.
07:33And so it happened
07:34in Jerusalem,
07:35city that never
07:36was owned
07:37of the tribes
07:37from Israel,
07:39in the same way,
07:40Samaria
07:40became
07:41in the capital
07:42about which
07:43only Omri
07:43had power
07:44because he himself
07:46had acquired it
07:47with their money.
07:48The situation
07:49geographical
07:50from Samaria,
07:51from which
07:51could dominate
07:52the roads
07:53that were established
07:54for trade
07:55international,
07:56It was very suitable
07:57for the new times.
07:59Trade
08:00ceased to be
08:01just an exchange
08:01of products
08:02between states
08:03neighbors
08:03and it opened
08:05to distant lands.
08:07Omri
08:07I needed
08:08order,
08:09security,
08:09taxes
08:11and stability
08:12commercial,
08:13details that he obtained
08:14with its new
08:15domestic policy
08:16and external.
08:17The vision
08:17of Omri
08:18it was not limited
08:19to the acquisition
08:20of the new capital,
08:21but established
08:22business relationships
08:24with the Phoenicians
08:25upon marriage
08:25to his son
08:26Ahab
08:26with the daughter
08:27of the Phoenician priest
08:28Ito Baal
08:29and he was at peace
08:31with the people
08:32of Judah.
08:33The authors
08:33of Autonomists
08:34have inserted
08:35the story
08:36of the son
08:37of Omri,
08:38Ahab,
08:38within the cycle
08:39of the prophets
08:40Elijah and Elisha,
08:42the greatest
08:43prophets of Israel
08:44because of their similarity
08:45with Moses.
08:47This great appreciation
08:49by Elijah and Elisha
08:50it reaches
08:51the times of Jesus
08:52when the Jews
08:54they manifest
08:55that is waiting
08:56the return
08:57of the prophet Elijah.
08:59Furthermore,
09:00in tradition
09:01of the transfiguration
09:02it is said
09:02who together with Jesus
09:03appeared
09:04the legislator
09:05Moses
09:06and the prophet
09:07par excellence
09:08Elijah.
09:10That Ahab
09:10gave to Israel
09:11stability
09:12that the country
09:13I needed
09:14It's not an issue
09:15treated by the editors
09:17from the books
09:17of the kings
09:18because of his theology
09:19it takes them
09:20to catalog
09:21each king
09:21depending
09:22of his faithfulness
09:23to the alliance.
09:25Stability
09:27that for Israel
09:28Omri got
09:28She took her
09:29at a higher level
09:30King Ahab
09:31who not only
09:33He was married
09:34with the daughter
09:34of the priest
09:35Baal officiant
09:36but
09:37in an effort
09:38to narrow
09:39stronger ties
09:40with Judah
09:40married off his daughter
09:42Athaliah
09:42with Joram
09:43king of Judah.
09:46External interest
09:47It comes from Assyria
09:48that it is already
09:49joining
09:50in the north
09:50with growing power.
09:53This forced
09:53which Syria
09:54and Israel
09:54join forces
09:55against Salmanazar
09:56III
09:57in the battle
09:58from Carcar
09:58in which
09:59There are no winners
10:00nor defeated
10:01clear.
10:02It is said that
10:03Ahab
10:04built
10:05a temple
10:05for Baal
10:06in the same
10:07capital
10:07Samaria.
10:09This temple
10:09It wasn't just
10:10for the house
10:11Ahab's royal palace
10:11but
10:12was available
10:13for everyone
10:14the members
10:14of the country.
10:16Apparently
10:16Jezebel
10:17his wife
10:18worshipper
10:19of Baal
10:20and daughter
10:21of the priest
10:21that yielded
10:22worship
10:23to this divinity
10:24he incited
10:24to that.
10:25It is in this
10:26panorama
10:26where it appears
10:27the prophet
10:28Elias
10:28advocate
10:29of Yahwism
10:30pure
10:30inside
10:31of the kingdom
10:32from Israel.
10:33Without knowing
10:33How far
10:34the confrontation
10:35between the king
10:36and the prophet
10:37be totally
10:37historical
10:38we only know
10:39that the editors
10:40finals
10:41have presented
10:42to Elias
10:42and Ahab
10:43as enemies
10:43mortals.