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After an incredibly foggy weekend, have you ever wondered how fog is forecast? The weather pattern hasn't changed much. High pressure is still in charge. Yet the dense fog is beginning to ease, while frosts are becoming more widespread. So what's going on? What's changed in the atmosphere? And could the weakening polar vortex be playing a role?

Bringing you this Deep Dive is Met Office meteorologist Honor Criswick.

#deepdive #polarvortex #science

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Transcript
00:00This weekend was incredibly foggy. So foggy in fact that had an impact on quite a few firework
00:07displays from the weekend. Not only this but it had an impact on travel. It caused some travel
00:14disruption in a few places. Sport as well. There were some football matches which were also impacted
00:19by the dense fog. But things are starting to change this week. Things won't be quite as foggy
00:26and it's also set to turn much colder. But has the cold weather got anything to do with the polar
00:33vortex? Well hopefully I can answer some of those questions on today's Deep Dive. Hello and welcome
00:40to this week's Deep Dive. My name's Anna Krizwick and I'm a meteorologist and presenter here at the
00:45Met Office. If you're new here don't forget to give us a subscribe and also why not give this video
00:52a
00:52like as well. And if you have any comments or questions do make sure to leave them on this video
00:58and I'll try and answer those. If not some of those can be answered on this week's Weather Studio Live
01:03which will be on Friday at 12.15 or across all social media channels including Spotify if you
01:10fancy taking a look at our videos on there. So I thought I'd start off with talking about the fog.
01:17Things have been incredibly foggy over the last few days. We've seen a fair amount of fog warnings
01:22issued at the Met Office. It looks like we'll see the last of those for a while but even so
01:28through this week we could still expect a little bit of mist and fog here and there but unlikely to
01:33be quite as widespread or as dense as some of the conditions that we saw over the weekend and also
01:40early this week. So I thought I'd start off by showing us some photos just in case you've forgotten
01:45what fog looked like. We got sent in quite a few foggy and misty pictures so I thought I'd show
01:50some of
01:51them. Here's one here from Daniel Howard that was emailed to us of some thick fog through into a park
01:57and like I mentioned earlier things were so foggy over the weekend that actually many people went to
02:04see some fireworks to kind of celebrate Guy Fawkes night which was last week. Lots of celebrations over
02:10the weekend, lots of bonfires and we had perfect conditions for radiation fog as well. So all of this
02:17added together meant that things got quite foggy over the weekend, some real dense fog in places
02:23and it got so foggy that some people could barely even see the firework displays. Here's another
02:28picture from Anastasia, a colleague of mine here at the Met Office who went to see some fireworks down
02:33in Exeter and you can just about see them but obviously it was very foggy, quite smoky as well,
02:39quite a lot of bonfires taking place over the weekend and into last week and the weather conditions
02:45didn't change too much. We were still under the influence of high pressure and that does tend to
02:52at this time of year we do tend to see under high pressure some low cloud, some mist and fog
02:57if we
02:58have the right conditions, if there's enough moisture in the air, if there's just enough of a breeze to
03:02kind of mix up that moisture in order to create that cloud which is essentially what fog is. It's just
03:08another cloud type but this time at the surface rather than high up in the atmosphere and something
03:16else which kind of aided that fog distribution across much of the country was something called
03:24cloud condensation nuclei. It really rolls off the tongue but essentially what that is, it's tiny
03:32particles in the air and this acts like a bit of a surface for water vapour to essentially latch onto
03:38and this is what helps create those foggy conditions, that's what helps create cloud, that water vapour
03:45condenses onto those cloud condensation nuclei, we'll call them particulates for short and this is what
03:52creates those cloud, this cloud at the surface, those foggy conditions and of course because there
03:59were fireworks, there were bonfires pretty much from Thursday onwards. I even had some fireworks last
04:04night, I'm assuming that's pretty much the end of it but we've had a full you know four days, five
04:09days
04:09or so of fireworks bonfires and this has increased the amounts of particulates in the air and also
04:15aided the amount of fog that we've seen across the country. It's not untypical, it's not uncommon I should
04:22say sorry and that we see fog at this time of the year but especially around bonfire night, around Guy
04:28Fawkes
04:28night we do tend to see that slight increased risk of seeing fog especially when we're under the
04:35influence of high pressure which is what we've had over the last few days. So this one was taken
04:42in Exeter so there were quite a few disappointing firework displays, there was some travel disruption,
04:47Aidan another presenter here was travelling from London back to Exeter had to drive really slowly
04:51because of those dense fog patches. I also went to see some fireworks over the weekend, I was lucky
04:57enough to actually have some clear skies and I actually saw a decent firework display down here
05:03in Exeter but as I was then walking back it got quite foggy and then clear again, foggy then clear
05:08so there was quite a few different dense fog patches in different areas but it wasn't quite a
05:13widespread sheet of fog, more kind of dense fog patches. Now perhaps it's something to do with me
05:20being such a good forecaster that I knew exactly what firework display to go to
05:24in order to see those clear skies, perhaps not, perhaps I was just lucky but I thought we'd
05:30delve into a bit of fog forecasting and see if I were to do a forecast and wanted to know
05:36how foggy
05:37conditions were going to be, perhaps to go off and see some fireworks, where would I start?
05:44So now I've shown one of these before, you may remember, it's called a teffigram. I know I've
05:50confused a lot of people with these diagrams before so we're going to keep it nice and simple,
05:55like I said if you do have any questions stick them in the comments box and we can take a
05:59look
05:59at them but I'm going to keep this really simple just to kind of show if I were to want
06:04to forecast
06:04fog what's the kind of things I'd be looking at. Now as a forecaster straight away if I'm under the
06:09influence of high pressure and I look at a teffigram like this I am thinking about fog, why is that?
06:16So this is essentially the atmosphere, as I go up on my graph I'm moving up in the atmosphere,
06:23so imagine a column of air from the surface high up into the atmosphere. So as we move our way
06:29up
06:29the pressure is decreasing, shown here on the x-axis here, on the y-axis sorry, pressure is decreasing
06:37as I'm going up in the atmosphere and this is temperature along the bottom. This blue dashed line
06:43here, what we call an isotherm, this is the zero degree isotherm, so anything on this side of this
06:49blue line is below freezing and anything on this side is above freezing. So if I was forecasting fog
06:55and it was on the left of this blue line I'm thinking about freezing fog because temperatures
07:00are below zero degrees from the left. Hopefully you're with me so far. So as we move up into the
07:07atmosphere and we follow this solid black line this is my change of temperature with height. If I wanted
07:13to have a look at the temperature at say this point I'd follow an isotherm down at the bottom
07:18and it would tell me my temperature. So say I follow this one here, just go back here, say I
07:24follow this
07:25one down here that'd be about five degrees Celsius. Okay so solid black line is my change in temperature
07:31with height. Then I have this dashed line and this is my change of dew point temperature as I go
07:38up into
07:39the atmosphere. Now dew point temperature is the temperature we'd have to reach essentially in order
07:44for dew to form in order for that air to become saturated and starts to condense and we start to
07:49see
07:49moisture so that's why sometimes early in the morning you might see dew on the ground because we've reached
07:53that dew point temperature. Hopefully you're still with me. So essentially if I'm looking at this graph
08:01the closer the lines are together like down here at the surface my air is pretty moist. Okay because
08:08my temperature is reaching very close to my dew point temperature so moist air saturated the air
08:14starting to condense. As I move higher into the atmosphere higher on my graph what happens? The lines spread
08:22apart so that means the air is dry. So if I'm looking at my column of air in the atmosphere
08:30at the
08:30surface it's very moist. As I get higher it's very dry. Now imagine this as a cloud we've got very
08:38moist air
08:39at the surface and we've got very dry air aloft. Are we thinking fog? Moist air at the surface dry
08:47air aloft.
08:48If I climbed up a mountain and there was radiation fog I can look down at that cloud at the
08:53surface
08:54because I'm in that drier air. I'm up here in the mountain and I'm looking down at this moisture
08:58and there's fog down there. That's essentially what this tephogram is showing if I were to climb up a mountain.
09:05So straight away this is what I'm thinking as a forecaster. We've also got something here.
09:11Notice this black line. This is moving to the right of my zero degree isotherm. So things are getting
09:17warmer. So this is actually called a temperature inversion. This is also a real sign. If I didn't
09:23have any information at all and I only had this to do my weather forecast I've got an isotherm.
09:30So temperature is increasing quite dramatically with height just quite close to the surface though.
09:37And the way I imagine it might be a bit strange but I almost imagine someone sitting down. It almost
09:43looks like a little seat because I know I'm under the influence of high pressure. My air is moving
09:47down. Someone's sat on top of that high pressure moving the air down. The air gets heavier as our
09:52pressure gets higher. And as this imaginary person is sat on this tephogram, it's trapping a lot of
10:01the moisture. That moisture can't escape so it's all still at the surface. And that's another reason
10:06why we tend to get fog with this kind of setup because all that moisture is trapped. It can't go
10:10anywhere. So things start to cool down overnight. We have that moisture. We have a little bit of a
10:14breeze mixing up that moisture and then we start to get fog. Now I'm still in the same graph here.
10:22I'm going to just zoom in to the bottom because we can calculate some numbers with this tephogram.
10:30Once again, stay with me. Hopefully I'll explain it as best I can. So our solid black line,
10:36temperature as in we increase with height. I want to know what the temperature is
10:39right at the surface. So I'm going to take a look at this. I'm going to follow my isotherm down.
10:43You
10:43can't really see it now because I've zoomed in. But I'd follow my isotherm down and it's written on
10:46here temperature 6.1 degrees. Okay, got it. That's my temperature at the surface.
10:52I'm just going to move over without tripping over my mic. Now I'm going to take a look at my
10:56dew point temperature at the surface. Follow that isotherm down. 5.8 degrees celsius. So 5.8
11:03degrees celsius dew point temperature is 6.1. Those temperatures are so close together. It's pretty
11:10moist. It's pretty saturated air. Now what I'm going to do is I'm going to follow my temperature line
11:16and I'm going to follow a dry adiabat and with my which is just that diagonal line and then I'm
11:24going to follow a mixing ratio once and once again the opposite diagonal line. Just going to draw on
11:29what is actually called a norman's point. This is what's drawn on here until they meet. Now when
11:36temperature and the dew point temperature meet we are fully saturated. As we go up in our atmosphere,
11:42in our column of air, those temperatures have met and now we are fully saturated. So what starts to
11:48happen? It can't hold any more moisture. We're fully saturated. So that air has now condensed
11:54and what do we have? Cloud. Now cloud is starting to form.
12:00And so at this point on my norman's point construction at this blue dot where the temperature
12:07and dew point temperature meet on that diagonal construction this is where my cloud is starting
12:12to form. Sometimes depending on the construction might mean your cloud base, your kind of lifting
12:17condensation level. So from this point as I move up my air is now fully saturated and I'm going to
12:22start to see cloud form. But what about fog? What about fog? We already know things are very moist
12:28at the surface. We have high pressure. We have a temperature inversion. We're looking at fog.
12:32We've got pretty much perfect conditions. How do I work out that temperature? If I want to go out and
12:37look at a firework display, what temperature is it going to get to for that fog to start to form?
12:42Well we can follow our norman's point construction. So once again where that air is saturated,
12:47that dot where those lines meet, we can follow that all the way along to our dew point temperature.
12:52Follow it down once again across the isotherm. So all the way down at the bottom of the graph,
12:56that will tell us the temperature. And for this, which is actually today, our fog point,
13:01this pink line here, is 5.3 degrees Celsius. Now our dew point is 5.8. So already that that
13:09dew,
13:10if you imagine things cooling down, clear skies, the sun's going down, our temperatures are starting to
13:15drop to around 5, 6 degrees Celsius. That dew is starting to form and we've got a little bit of
13:20mixing. Things will continue to cool overnight. And if we get to that 5.3 degrees Celsius, which
13:26is our fog point, the temperature at which fog will form, that is when we're starting to look at fog.
13:33So 5.3 degrees Celsius today, I can't quite actually remember where I took this tephogram ascent from,
13:39but it was somewhere in the Midlands. That's the kind of temperature we're looking at for fog to form.
13:44So I hope that made sense. But this is essentially what I'd be looking at as a forecaster. And you
13:48need all those ingredients to kind of come together in order for that fog formation. And as I mentioned,
13:55I was talking to some colleagues, they went to see the fireworks. It was really foggy.
13:59I, on the other hand, only down the road had clear skies, real patches of fog. And that just tends
14:05to
14:05happen because you might not quite have the right ingredients. There might not be quite enough of a
14:09breeze. There might not be, you might, you might not have quite reached that temperature. You might be a
14:13degree or so off. So the skies end up staying clear, your visibility stays clear, and you don't
14:17quite see that fog. Or you might not see it yet. And you might see it later into the night
14:21when conditions
14:22have cooled down enough or there's enough of a breeze and whatever the ingredients might be that you're missing.
14:28So hence why we saw quite patchy fog. And some of that fog was quite dense, you know, lots of
14:33moisture,
14:34just enough mixing to really create those low visibilities and that dense fog, which is a part of
14:40what caused all that disruption over the weekend. Now, over the coming days, we're under relatively
14:48similar conditions, relatively similar, still under the influence of high pressure, and we're going to see
14:53clear skies overnight. So let's take a look at tephigrams from today and then compare it to a
15:01couple days time on Thursday. Now, hopefully, if you've been following along, we can already see
15:06that there's that difference there. So this is the one I just showed you, the one we were just zoomed
15:10in
15:10at down there at the surface. Lines close together, moist conditions. But what have we got here?
15:16We've still got our lines, our temperature, our dew point temperature as we move up in the atmosphere.
15:21But what's the difference? At the surface towards the bottom of the graph, the lines are much further
15:26apart. So already I'm thinking, OK, the air is a lot drier. And essentially, if we drew that construction
15:33on again, you know, our dew point, our fog point, sorry, will be all the way back here. And this
15:37is
15:38about minus 10 degrees Celsius. So, you know, you could potentially still get a little bit of fog if
15:42temperatures got down that low, which is unlikely, where this tephagram was taken from
15:48in the Midlands somewhere. And also, if we did get to that point, we're also to the left of this
15:54zero
15:54degree isotherm. So we'd be looking at freezing fog, obviously, if the conditions have got down to minus
15:5810. And we're not looking at that. Essentially, what I'm just trying to show is that the air is a
16:03lot
16:03drier. So even though conditions are fairly similar, high pressure, clear skies, we've not got that moisture
16:08there. So we're missing one of those ingredients. And this is really part of the reason why fog can
16:13be incredibly difficult to forecast. You know, there's only slight difference in conditions
16:19which can make a difference as to whether you will see fog or not, or perhaps you will see mist
16:23instead
16:23of fog and things like that. So there we go. So I thought I'd just delve into a little bit
16:29of fog
16:29forecasting there. And I've already kind of hinted at showing you these tephograms that things are
16:34staying similar, but also changing. But what so so why essentially, why is the air getting drier over
16:40the next couple of days? Let us take a look. So if we have a look at the bigger picture,
16:45I'm just going
16:46to zoom out. I'm going to turn off the jet stream for now, I'm going to turn off, turn on
16:52more our air
16:53mass temperatures. So our temperatures higher up in the atmosphere. And I'm also going to turn on our winds.
17:00Now, this is pretty much where we are at the moment. So things have changed a little bit. We've got
17:06lower
17:07pressure more towards the quite out into the Atlantic, but towards the southwest of us. So
17:12that's had a slight change of things. And we've got a bit more of a southerly airflow and a fair
17:18amount
17:18of slightly milder air, as you can see from these orangey colors, towards, you know, much of the southern
17:24half of the UK. So we've got that milder air from that southerly flow, moist, still quite cloudy,
17:31and still enough of a breeze in many areas to create those foggy conditions. We had still quite
17:36a lot of dense fog this morning across kind of central and eastern areas of England and Wales.
17:43Now let's change this now. Let's move slightly further ahead.
17:49And what do we start to see? This is on Thursday, the same day as that teffygram, that drier teffygram.
17:57This is high pressure building out towards the west. So we start to see, say a little bit of a
18:02goodbye
18:03to low pressure. It's still around, but we're mostly under the influence of this area of high pressure,
18:07which is building towards the northwest. Winds around a high pressure, they go in a clockwise direction.
18:12So if we follow our winds around, where are our winds coming from? The north. We're getting more of an
18:18arctic maritime airstream, which can create some showers, especially around kind of coast of Scotland,
18:25any north sea coast, especially because we've got this area of low pressure as well out to the east,
18:31sorry, excuse me, which is also creating some moisture towards the east. So we can expect some
18:38showers, maybe even some wintry showers as temperatures start to drop across Scotland,
18:42for example. We can expect perhaps a little sprinkling of snow across the high ground of
18:46Scotland further into the week. But the difference is we're starting to see more of that colder air
18:52cross its way across the country and colder air can't hold as much moisture as warm air. So we're
19:00starting to say goodbye to those foggier conditions as temperatures start to cool. We see
19:03more of an influence of that arctic maritime air mass. Things are cooling down, turning quite cold,
19:10in fact, and that air can't hold as much moisture as that milder air that we were under the influence
19:16of over the weekend and also today. So things are changing, but we're still under the influence of high
19:24pressure. And it just shows it really depends where about that high pressure sits. And that then has an impact
19:29on our wind direction, our air mass, and thus the kind of weather conditions that we can see.
19:33So things are starting to change through the course of the week. Things are going to be turning colder
19:39as this high pressure continues to sit out to the west. And a lot of that colder air initially starting
19:44off in Scotland and then becoming more widespread across the UK as the week goes on. And it will
19:49probably stay with us over the weekend. Now, the difference is where we do have that moisture
19:56and things start to cool down, instead of that moisture kind of condensing and forming into low
20:01cloud and fog. And what it does do is temperatures start to dip below freezing. That's where it
20:05starts to deposit as frost instead. So this is the kind of weather we can expect over the coming days,
20:12less fog, more frosty conditions. Where we see any showers, especially across Scotland,
20:17there's that risk of ice because we've got that moisture and things dropping below freezing.
20:22And then, you know, obviously, when you've got that water reaching the surface and temperatures
20:27drip below freezing, there's that ice risk as well. But generally, skies are going to be clearer,
20:32but it's there's just that change where that moisture is going to go. So less fog,
20:36more more kind of frosty conditions. So it changes on its way to something a lot colder.
20:45So now I want to move on to something slightly different. Obviously, we've talked about things
20:51changing this week. Things are going to be turning colder. But has the change to colder weather got
20:57anything to do with the polar vortex? Well, the short answer is no. The polar vortex is high up in
21:06the atmosphere, around 30 kilometers high, high up in the stratosphere. And to put that into context,
21:13our jet stream is usually found around 9 to 16 kilometers in the troposphere. So the the polar
21:19vortex takes place way, way above that. And essentially, because it's so high, changes don't
21:26automatically mean a change in our weather. So if the polar vortex change today, it won't mean colder
21:31weather tomorrow. And of course, colder weather isn't even guaranteed if we do start to see changes
21:35in our polar vortex. So let's just remind ourselves what it is. Well, it's essentially a circulation of
21:41winds high up in the stratosphere, which usually run in a westerly direction, essentially holding a
21:47lot of that colder air way up in the stratosphere. And what we find is that in the autumn and
21:54winter
21:54months, because the polar regions aren't getting quite as much sunlight as they do earlier in the year,
22:00that cold air within that circulation, that's really cold air. And that really increases the
22:06temperature gradient between that cold air high up in the stratosphere and that not so cold air a bit
22:12lower down in the troposphere. And it's that gradient, that temperature gradient, which really drives that
22:17circulation of winds. But what can happen is that the polar vortex can weaken, it can change shape,
22:27it can change location. And when it does weaken, it can even the winds kind of wind directions can even
22:34reverse, they weaken and perhaps maybe even change to an easterly. And this is something that is
22:40currently taking place. Aidan last week did a really good deep dive into the polar vortex and its links with
22:48UK weather and also El Nino. So take a look at last week's deep dive if you want a little
22:52bit more
22:52information. I'm going to take a look at a bit more of an update and what we can expect over
22:58the next
22:58few weeks. But essentially, if we take a look at the winds around the vortex, this is taken from
23:06polarvortex.earth. If we take a look at those winds which is shown here, what we've observed so far by
23:11this solid black line, and if we take a look at this more brown and kind of shaded area and
23:16this brown
23:17dashed line behind it, this is what we would usually expect. It's actually the median of the
23:221991 to 2020 average following on behind. So into September and into October, generally what we
23:30observed with the winds were quite average for this point of the year. And then notice as we finished
23:36October, moved into November, a sudden dip in those winds. And it just about weakened and almost even
23:44reversed easterly. And if we follow this green dashed line, we can see the forecast is that those winds
23:50will turn slightly more easterly before another sudden spike, something slightly closer to average
23:56as we make our way into December. So there's certainly scope for a slight blip in that vortex.
24:03You know, it has weakened. We've seen some stratospheric warming take place. But at the moment,
24:10the forecast is that it's fairly short lived. And we start to see something a bit closer to average
24:14as we move further into December. Now, I mentioned sudden stratospheric warming. So I also want to take
24:20a look at the temperatures over the poles. So once again, September, moving into October, following
24:26what we've observed, this black line here, generally quite close to average for this point of the year.
24:33And then all of a sudden moving into November, we saw that spike. We saw that sudden stratospheric
24:38warming take place as we pushed our way into November. Once again, let's follow the forecast,
24:44following it closer as closer into December. And notice generally, it looks like those temperatures
24:50are moving slightly closer to average, if not a touch below and the further into December we get.
24:56So we're seeing that change. We're seeing that reversal, that weakening of the winds, perhaps
25:02moving to more of an easterly direction before changing once again, back to that westerly
25:08circulation above the poles. And because of this, because of this movement of the polar vortex,
25:14slightly away from the poles and the change of the shape as well of the polar vortex, this is why
25:19we've undergone sudden stratospheric warming. But it does look like it's set to rebound
25:24as we get closer into December. Now, it's quite easy to be able to link this between, oh,
25:32that we know we've seen the polar vortex weaken. And this can have an effect on our jet stream here
25:38in
25:38the UK. This can sometimes lead us to blocking areas of high pressure, winds coming from more of a
25:44north or an easterly direction. And then that means conditions could turn a bit colder. And we could see
25:50things like what we're expecting this week, such as clearer skies, some snow showers, some frost,
25:55potentially some ice. But we can't link what's happening to the polar vortex now to what is
26:01currently happening in the weather because the polar vortex takes place so high up in the stratosphere
26:06that it would take a few weeks for any of those impacts to then possibly seen in the UK because
26:13it's not guaranteed. Now, in time, we could have a look and see if what's happening now with the polar
26:19vortex in a few weeks, see what happens to see if that has an impact on our UK weather. However,
26:25it does look like it's a slight blip before things generally turn to more average for this point of
26:30the year. So a chance it could have an impact on UK weather, but very much not guaranteed.
26:36Now, let's take a look at this in a slightly different way. We're going to take a look at the
26:42kind of the mean zonal wind anomalies. Now, what we can see here, I'm just going to move over here.
26:47This is as we move further into November and also December around about here.
26:53Now, what we can see is a real bright and kind of blue shaded colour. So this is essentially a
26:59negative anomaly of the wind speed. So this is where we start to see that reversal of the wind
27:04speeds, which is what we're currently seeing, that weakening of the winds across the polar jet
27:09and that possibly that slight change to an easterly. But notice as we get further into December,
27:14we see more of these yellows, more of these orange colours and that's a positive anomaly.
27:19So once again, moving back to more of those westerly winds that circulate the polar regions
27:25high up in the stratosphere and move incredibly quickly, holding that cold air above the poles.
27:31So this is the ensemble mean of a few model runs and I've just got the postage stamps here to
27:37just
27:37kind of show different model runs, mostly signifying the same thing. There's slight differences between
27:44the different model runs, but essentially a lot of them are showing that weakening of the polar vortex,
27:49that reversal of the winds. But then as we push further into December, it looks as though
27:54we'll kind of rebound and be back to where we would usually expect for this point of the year.
27:59So it'll be very interesting to watch to see if this has an impact on the UK weather.
28:04As I've already mentioned, it is not guaranteed and it's certainly not linked to the current weather
28:10that we're experiencing here in the UK. You know, things will be turning colder
28:14and we can expect some more wintry hazards as we kind of move our way in towards the middle part
28:20of
28:21November. But this is all due to things taking place much closer to the troposphere, where a lot of
28:29our weather happens. You know, it's all down to high pressure and that change in wind direction,
28:33seeing more of our air move through from the Arctic. That's why things are getting colder.
28:38At the moment, it's not really anything to do with the polar vortex at all. But perhaps in a few
28:42weeks
28:43we could see something as a result of what's happening now with the polar vortex, but very much not
28:49guaranteed in case I haven't made that point already. So I think that's pretty much everything
28:54I wanted to get through today. Quite two different halves of a deep dive today, but kind of showing
28:59that change to those real dull, foggy conditions, drizzly conditions, just a change to something
29:05clearer, brighter, but obviously a lot colder as well. Now, I hope you managed to follow along today.
29:12If not, please do leave some questions or comments in the comments section below and I'll happily
29:18take a look at those and hopefully we can answer some of them this week on the Weather Studio Live,
29:24which we do every Friday at 12.15 live on YouTube. If you can't catch it live, you can always
29:28watch it
29:29a bit later as well. And if you think of a question on Friday, you can ask us live as
29:34well during that
29:35YouTube Live. But yes, do let me know if you have any comments or questions. Make sure to give this
29:40video
29:41a like if you enjoyed it. And like I said earlier, if you are new, don't forget to subscribe. That's
29:47it from me
29:47today. So have a wonderful week and I'll see you again very soon.

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