Why Roman Soldiers Were Called “Marius’ Mules” | Ancient Army Life

Roman soldiers carried more than weapons into battle. On campaign, they also needed food, tools, cooking equipment and personal supplies.

In *Life of Marius*, the ancient writer Plutarch describes soldiers practising long marches and being required to carry their baggage and prepare their own food. Hardworking troops became associated with the nickname “Marius’s mules.”

Plutarch also records an alternative explanation for the expression, so its precise origin should not be treated as certain. Historians have also debated how much of the Roman army's equipment was carried directly by individual soldiers and how much travelled with baggage animals.

This cinematic reconstruction explores the physical burden, equipment and discipline involved in a Roman soldier's campaign life during the late Republic.

The companion Story examines another Roman military design: the pilum, a javelin whose construction is discussed in ancient accounts.

Historical reference: Plutarch, *Life of Marius*, especially the passage describing marching, baggage and the origin of the nickname.

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