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खेती के भविष्य की क्या हैं चुनौतियां और समाधान? देखें कृषि विशेषज्ञों के साथ मंथन
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00:00जो हमारा अगला सत्र है उसका नाम है भविश्य की खेती
00:03देखे खेती बदली है यह हम सभी जानते हैं जैसे जैसे बदला है मनुश्य
00:09इंसान ने प्रकृती से सीखा खेती करना
00:12पक्षियों और पशों ने जरने तालाब आंधी पानी ने सिखाया वीजों को फैलाना रोपना
00:20और फिर आविश्कारों अनुसंधानों ने से सवारा
00:24रोपाई सीखी हल कुदाल से लेकर ट्रक्टर थ्रेशर तक बनाए
00:29तो जैसे जैसे बदल रहा है मनुश्य खेती भी बदलती जा रही है
00:35अतीद की खेती से अलग है आज की खेती और आज की खेती से अलग होगी भविश्य की खेती
00:41तो कैसी होगी भविश्य की खेती क्या हम उसके लिए तयार है
00:46और इन बदलावों को हम कब और कैसे अपनाएंगे
00:50तो हमारा जो अगला सत्र है
00:52हम उसमें यही जानने की कोशिश करेंगे
00:55इन तमाम सवालों के जवाब के लिए
00:56विशेशग्यों का एक टानल हमारे साथ मौजूद रहेगा
00:59मेरा अनुरोध है अपनी सयोगी
01:01मारिया शकील से की क्रिपयबो मंच पर आएं
01:03और अपने महमानों का इंटर्डियूस करें
01:06जोरदार तालिया हो जाए सभी के लिए
01:48जोरदार नमस्कार राम राम और इस सत्र में हमारे जो महमान है
01:56वो हर एरिया के स्पेशलिस्ट है
02:01तो पानी के बारे में हमें समझाएंगे
02:03आलू की खेती के बारे में हमें समझाएंगे
02:07जो एक्वा या जो श्रिंप फार्मिंग होती है
02:10उसके बारे में हमें समझाएंगे
02:12डॉक्टर विरेंदर कुमार यहां से हर्याना से है
02:14तो आपको आपके सवाल भी लेंगे और आपको समझने की भी कोशिश करेंगे
02:20खेती बदल रही है और इसी लिए ये जो पैनल है वो स्पेशलिस्ट या विशेशग्यों का है
02:28और वो अपने experience से ये बताएंगे कि बाहर में हिंदुस्तान से बाहर में क्या-क्या practices हो रही है
02:36क्या बाहर के किसान अपनी खेतों में कर रहे हैं जो शायद यहाँ पर भी आप कर सके
02:42तो इस मंच पर हमारे साथ मौझूद हैं Dr. Simon Heck है
02:48Director General International Potato Center Peru से आए है
02:53Dr. Stanford Blade Deputy DG International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
03:01जो इसरी साट बोला जाता है
03:03Aisam Yasin Mohamed DG है World Fish and Senior Director of Aquatic Food Systems
03:13Dr. Rachel McDonald is Deputy DG International Water Management Institute
03:19We also have Dr. Virendra Kumar Research Director IRRI International Research Institute
03:27Dr. Heck मैं सबसे पहला सवाल आप से यह पूछूँगी
03:31यह एक मित शायद है
03:33के जो पोटेटो है या आलू वो शुगर फ्री है
03:40Is it sugar-free?
03:42What is the myth of the potato?
03:44It is seen as a vegetable which is sugar-free, perhaps high on carbohydrates
03:51but largely seen as sugar-free.
03:54Thank you, I have to speak in English.
03:57Please do.
03:57And I think you heard a lot about potato from the farmer just before we came up here.
04:02I want to say that India has now become the world's second largest producer of potato
04:07in a relatively short time.
04:10So congratulations to the farmers of India and the support you're getting from your government,
04:18from the research and from the industry.
04:20Potato is a very healthy crop.
04:22A lot of the concerns about potato health is more about the way it is being processed rather than the
04:31crop itself.
04:31We know in India, most potato is part of your curries and your everyday meals.
04:37It is very healthy.
04:38It's full of vitamins.
04:39It is full of fiber.
04:41It has a medium glycemic index.
04:44So in terms of the concern about diabetes, right, it's much preferred as a source of carbohydrates
04:50over other sources of carbohydrates.
04:53What is this question in their mind is probably this question in their mind and in my mind is the
04:58same question in my mind is the same question in potato or aloo.
05:05Explain to our farmers here about the storage, how best to store huge numbers of potatoes.
05:14Right, as you know in the northern part of India, you have one season of potato harvest, yet the demand
05:22is there all year round.
05:23So the question is how to, in a technically sound and profitable way, to store potato for consumers around the
05:31year.
05:31There is a commercial storage industry for potato, also here around Delhi and in the Gangetic Plains, that does do
05:41a good job storing potato.
05:43One of the seasonality challenges is that around the price of potato at harvest time, you are periodically encountering gluts
05:54in the market where farmers may get disappointed that the price is going down.
05:59So coordinating better with the storage industry on how to take off potato at harvest time, how to store it,
06:09how to release it in a measured way throughout the year,
06:12to ensure good prices and even prices for farmers as well as for consumers.
06:18I think it is less a technology challenge, I think it is more a management and a coordination challenge.
06:23Supply chain.
06:24A supply chain management challenge.
06:27Okay.
06:27Dr. Videndra Kumar, you are from International Rice Institute, you are from Haryana.
06:34So, the biggest question is that the water is very consuming, that the market is very consuming.
06:43So, tell us about the market in the world of farmers, what is in the world of farmers and what
06:49is in the countries, which can be in the world of farmers and better.
06:54Thank you very much, Mariya Ji.
06:57First of all, all farmers, brothers, mothers, brothers and sisters, my name is Mr. Pranam.
07:03And, first of all, all farmers, I want to give this contribution to India, you have made the number one
07:12in the plant production.
07:1450 million, number one, it is not made the number one.
07:18If you look at that, in India, 40% of the export, the contribution to India is 40% of
07:25the contribution.
07:26So, what you produce here, you are not only feeding India, you are not only feeding the whole country.
07:31If India is banned from the plant, then a lot of the plant will be affected.
07:36So, that's why India is producing the plant, not only for its own country, but for its own waste.
07:43Number one.
07:44This is true.
07:45That the plant, which we practice with the plant, there is a lot of water, but it is not the
07:55plant.
07:56We don't feed it.
07:58We don't feed it.
07:59So, you are saying that the plant does not need to feed more water in the plant?
08:03No.
08:04You can save 50% of the plant and do not feed it.
08:09We don't feed it.
08:11Practices are like, plant is a plant.
08:15You have to feed it.
08:17You have to feed it.
08:18You have to feed it.
08:19You have to feed it.
08:20You have to feed it.
08:20So, you can reduce the amount of water in the plant.
08:24And if you have to feed it, you have to feed it in the plant.
08:31Then you have to feed it.
08:34We call it alternate wetting and drying.
08:37So, the plant is not a flood.
08:41You have to feed it.
08:42You have to feed it.
08:43You have to feed it.
08:44You have to feed it.
08:44Then you have to feed it.
08:45You have to save 30-40% of water.
08:49Water is not water.
08:51Greenhouse gas emission is methane gas.
08:54Which affects climate change.
08:58Rice is only a crop.
09:00Which in India has 20% contribution to agriculture.
09:04Greenhouse gas gas gas.
09:06So, if we don't flood the water.
09:08We can reduce the amount of methane.
09:13So, water management, water management.
09:18We can save water.
09:20And we can improve water.
09:22So, yes, technologies are there.
09:25So, yes, technologies are there.
09:25We can save water.
09:27We can maintain production.
09:28And we can maintain environmental sustainability.
09:32Yes.
09:32So, Dr. Blade,
09:35Bharat Ki joh dharti hai,
09:37Uske baare mein kaha jata hai,
09:39Mere desh ki dharti sona ugle,
09:40Ugle heere moti.
09:43Toh, is dharti mein,
09:45Aap kya maantay hai,
09:46Food security ka ishuu,
09:48Kya bhaarat ek message pure desh bhar ko day sakta hai.
09:51Can India be that power center which sends a message to the world with regards to food security?
10:01Well, thank you, Maria, for the question, and thank you to the India Today group
10:04for this fantastic forum to discuss agriculture.
10:09Just to greet everyone, apsabiko, namaskar.
10:13It's so good to have everyone here.
10:16We very much at ICRISAT.
10:18So ICRISAT is the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
10:23We have been hosted by the government of India for over 50 years, being established in Hyderabad
10:30in 1972, under the auspices, under the oversight of, of course, MS Swaminathan, the World Food
10:37Prize winner.
10:39And if you don't remember anything, the headline from my side is that food security can come
10:46from the dry lands.
10:47The dry lands are an area of opportunity.
10:51So if we're thinking about Bajra, Jowar, Raghi, Chanda, Tur, all of these crops, they have
11:01the potential for being very nutritious, that they can fit into the most difficult circumstances.
11:08And in the case of ICRISAT, we are breeding the best of those new crops using the newest
11:14technology so that when farmers plant these crops, they will grow without issues with respect
11:21to disease or pests.
11:23They will be able then to do processing of those crops to produce all of the kinds of
11:28nutritious products that people will have.
11:30So to your question, in the case of the work that we do and with all of the colleagues
11:35here with the CG, innovation will lead the opportunity for food security, and not only
11:41food security, but nutritional security as well.
11:44So in one sentence, if you were to give a message to the farmers who are present here,
11:50what will that be?
11:51I'll translate that into Hindi.
11:53Please go ahead.
11:54My suggestion, farmers know everything.
11:57They are the experts.
12:05But I would say that there are opportunities to use the newest seed, the newest cultivars,
12:13because these are the most productive, these are the most climate resilient, and these are
12:18the ones that can really make a change on farmers' fields.
12:21So, new seeds, which you are doing, do you know the new crops or new seeds in the market?
12:32Do you know that they are already aware of it?
12:37You know, obviously we work together with ICAR, with the states, with the Ministry of Agriculture
12:44and Farmers Welfare, the KVKs are there that we work with very closely to make sure
12:49that that seed is available to farmers in all of the ways in the various states.
12:55All right, so let's move ahead and bring in Dr. Rachel here.
12:59Dr. Rachel, you know, there has been overall shortfall of rainfall, shortage in terms of also
13:10the groundwater going down.
13:13Given that kind of challenge which is there, what will you be telling the farmers
13:18how to manage water?
13:21Thank you, Maria.
13:23Namaste India Group K. Abari Hay.
13:27Good morning.
13:31Namaste humaree taraf se bhi, aur yaha par sa, jo humaree saath yaha par kisan bhai behane
13:37unke taraf se bhi, apko namaste.
13:39And, Mario, could you kindly translate for me?
13:43We say, no water, no food.
13:47Namaste.
13:48Namaste.
13:49Namaste.
13:49Namaste.
13:50Namaste.
13:54Namaste.
13:55So, we know that the growth, the incredible growth in food production in India is based
14:04on Indian farmers and institutions over the last few decades.
14:09But we know in the future that the next chapter is going to be also linked to water because climate
14:18change is changing how much water.
14:21We have too much water in Baha this year, too little in Maharashtra, the droughts.
14:27So, we have to manage our water better.
14:30We also have new demands for water, AI data centers, industry.
14:37So, the demands for water, whether it's groundwater, for farmers, and for India is changing and growing.
14:45So, we have to be smarter.
14:47How do you manage water if one state is getting more water than the other?
14:53India is a vast country, geographically so diverse.
14:57How do you manage water for the farmers?
15:01So, in rain-fed agriculture, we have to keep the water on the ground.
15:06So, we do soil conservation, many ways of keeping the water there and not evaporating.
15:13When it comes to irrigation, we have to be much smarter in how we irrigate.
15:18And we're seeing fantastic new opportunities coming through better irrigation.
15:24But what we're also seeing is that there is an opportunity to increase farmers'
15:30income by not only being smarter with the irrigation, using solar irrigation, but also
15:36getting new income from energy, electricity going into the grid on getting carbon credits.
15:42So, we can help farmers be smarter whilst maintaining their income or even increasing their income
15:49through new technologies.
15:52So, the farmers, brothers and sisters are here, Dr. Rachel is saying, if I try to translate
15:59to this, that the carbon credits is necessary to understand carbon credits, because we have
16:06heard of the experts on carbon credits yesterday.
16:08and they have explained to them how they can benefit from carbon credits.
16:16In addition to that, they have to say that you can do water in the soil, which is on your
16:25soil, which is in the ground, and that is an option of storage.
16:29Let me bring in Aisam Yasin Mohamad now, and this is with regards to seafood, shrimps,
16:37can there be some kind of integration in terms of… because India lacks… while we have taken
16:43a leap, we are number two in potato, we are number one in rice, but when it is about seafood,
16:50we really are behind.
16:52Right.
16:53Okay.
16:54So, first of all, let me say namashkar, namashkar, namashkar to everyone.
17:00Mera naam Aisam Yasin hai.
17:05How do you say that?
17:07Mary Sassural Vali, India hai.
17:13Gujarati hai.
17:14From where in India?
17:15Gujarat.
17:16Okay.
17:25So, I think with fish, there are two things that we need to consider.
17:30I think it's probably not fair to say India is lagging behind in fish.
17:35It's not.
17:36I think there are a number of fish commodities that are produced in fish farming in particular
17:42that rank among the top three or five in the world among many species.
17:47Now, the question is whether what India is producing for its citizens is enough or not.
17:56Right.
17:57So…
17:58And therefore, I think what needs to be taken into consideration is when we look at fish,
18:04yes, there is a production side of it all, right, to put their food on the table.
18:09But also, particularly in Indian context, it's a cultural issue as well.
18:16For example, if we have people from West Bengal in the room, you know, we always say,
18:22machay batay Bengali, right?
18:24Which is the identity of the people of Bengali speaking, for example.
18:27Yes.
18:28We see this in multiple places.
18:29And therefore, as we move forward and as we want to produce more so we can feed more people,
18:36we can export more, we can create more jobs, then the question becomes, you know,
18:40how do we do it in a more sustainable way as we move forward is my contribution moment.
18:46Yeah.
18:47Yes.
18:47Dr. Virind Kumar, I will try to understand from you that,
18:52because of climate change, how much the difference is in the whole field?
19:00Because this is a question.
19:02And what do we need to do?
19:03Middle we need to implement climate change?
19:05Climate change Do you need to do what?
19:07Climate change TNG.
19:09Climate change has different impacts on climate change.
19:16Climate change nd he is?
19:16Climate change nd they are different impacts.
19:18The impacts to climate change is good.
19:19Heat climate change.
19:21gas will increase in the sunацam under one degree mów,
19:23इंक्रीज होने से 10% धान की इलकम हो सकती है फ्यूचर में
19:29क्राइम एचेंज ये कारण कहीं जगा सुखा पड़ता है कि जगा फ्लडिंग भी आती है
19:35और काफी जगा जगा कोस्टल एरिया है वहाँ पे सेलिटी जो सॉल्ट आता नमक
19:41का इंट्रूजन भी हो रहा है तो काफी काफी डिफरेंट काइंड आफ इंपक्स है तो जहां पर फ्लडिंग आती है
19:48वहाँ पे इरी ने आई से मिलकर सबमर्जन स्टोलरंट राइस बनाया सब वन बोलते हैं उसको
19:56स्कूबा राइस बोलते हैं कि अगर दो से तीन वीक भी अगर पूरी फसल पाने के अंदर है तो भी
20:04फसल की इल्ड में कोई इंपक्ट ने आएगा वो सर्वाइव करेगी तो हम लोग ने ऐसी वराइटी बनाई हुई है
20:10ऐसे ही अगर जहां सूखा है वहाँ पे ड्राव टो
20:26है उसके अनुसार वराइटी यूज करनी पड़ेगी कुछ इलाकों में ऐसा भी होता कि अरली स्टेज पे ड्राउट है बाद
20:34में फ्लडिंग है तो इन सब को मिला आवी दिया गया है ड्राउट कम फ्लड टोलेंट वराइटीज सो मल्टी डोलेंट
20:41वराइटी तो पहले तो
20:45किस थाइप का क्लाइमेट चेंज कहां पे हो रहा है और कब होता है और किस लेवल का होता है
20:52उसके अमसार हमें वराइटी और मैनेजमें प्रैक्टिस जो कि उसको मिटिगेट कर सके उस इफेक्ट को वो हमें अडवाज करना
21:01पड़ेगा फार्मर को और नाव हम AI को यूज कर
21:14सक्तुलिवार, Kittaि क पार्मर को बढ़ेणец है का विरोगेड़ जारा टाटो normalized उसे की चिड़ेश। थाफ़े सबूच को happier दो
21:25यूज को वरलाब सुछिछ दोग्तिन हैं नहीं झाएर चारेंश करेंसे क७ाला हैं फिर 스트못ूप कर दोल Assembly को यूज करेंश
21:35यू से जो आटी प्स
21:44in the private sector as far as potato is concerned.
21:48And the linkages, the partnerships between public and private research
21:52and technology development and dissemination
21:54will be very important for farmers
21:56to get access to those new varieties of potato.
22:00We see that in India, potato is expanding into new states, new areas
22:04that in the past did not grow potato,
22:07but where the markets are very strong
22:08and farmers want to participate, increase their incomes
22:12by including potato in their crop rotation.
22:14So, I think together with the farmer associations
22:17and our government partners and private companies,
22:20we are finding out the best options,
22:22which varieties, in which places,
22:24and then to speed up the development of new varieties.
22:27So, in the city, there was not a potato or aaloo in which places,
22:36but there was also a potato in which places.
22:38Where, I mean, the crop was, potato was not grown,
22:43they are growing it.
22:44So, it is being experimented in different, you know, states of India.
22:48Correct.
22:48Correct.
22:48Right?
22:49And it's in response to the market demand, which is growing,
22:52and we think we'll, in the next, by 2050,
22:54we think may double the domestic demand.
22:56Okay.
22:57Dr. Blade.
22:58In the case of Icarusat,
23:00I would just give three very quick examples.
23:02So, in the case of pigeon pea, in the case of tour,
23:05we now have varieties that can grow at 45 degrees C.
23:10So, even in the summer,
23:12it's possible to grow these grain legumes
23:15in a way that we haven't been able to do before.
23:18The second one is around the work that has been done
23:20across many of the groups here because of El Nino.
23:24So, if the rains fail, as they did in my state of Telangana
23:28and in Andhra and other places to grow shorter duration crops,
23:32we also have shorter duration chickpea, a pigeon pea,
23:35even of the millets and sorghum.
23:37And the third thing I would say is that Icarusat is working very hard
23:41in Uttar Pradesh, in the Jansi and Bundunkhand area,
23:45also working with world fish,
23:47using the old Haveli systems of water management,
23:51but using the newest digital agriculture technologies
23:55to enhance the productivity under those Haveli systems.
23:59So, heat tolerance, early maturing varieties
24:03that weren't available before
24:04and managing water in some of these traditional systems
24:08in a very new and innovative way.
24:17So, the farmers are intelligent enough,
24:21we have seen how they can do their own management of water.
24:24They can do, and in the case of Uttar Pradesh,
24:27almost 30,000 hectares,
24:30all of that land is owned by farmers,
24:33by private farmers,
24:34but they see such benefit from using these improved Haveli systems
24:39for water management
24:40that they are happy to work together as a collective.
24:44Okay.
24:45Assam?
24:46Sure.
24:47No, first of all,
24:49let me make a point about climate change first, right?
24:55So, Maria,
24:56if we want to decide today to stop climate change,
25:00we still have to live with the impact of it moving forward, right?
25:04Even if today, emission, everything stops,
25:06so we still have to live in the foreseeable future
25:09to live with climate change.
25:11So, adaptation is not an option to begin with, right?
25:15And if we bring this down to fish or fisheries in general,
25:21when a certain environment becomes more acidic
25:25or it becomes more,
25:29let's say, the other ill impacts of climate changes,
25:31reduced oxygen levels, and so on and so forth,
25:33what do the fish do?
25:35They don't sit and wait.
25:37They go somewhere else, right?
25:39And who is impacted?
25:41People who cannot pursue the fish to where it goes, right?
25:44So, therefore, the fishing industry,
25:47the target fishery, the seasonality,
25:49and everything will shift with climate change.
25:52And therefore, for us,
25:53our job is to enable the fishers in general
25:58with the knowledge and information that's required
26:01to guide in terms of what the fish activity could look like.
26:05But also, in aquaculture as well,
26:08we do work a lot like other CJR centers
26:11in breeding strains of tilapia, carp, and others
26:15that will be suitable for high temperature,
26:18for low oxygen level, and so on.
26:20Dr. Rachel, let me give you the last word.
26:22Please go ahead, ma'am.
26:23If I can say it in Hindi,
26:26it's Jal Shakti Abiyan.
26:28Shakti Abiyan.
26:29Jal Shakti Abiyan.
26:31Jal Shakti Abiyan.
26:33Because that is what we need to do.
26:35When there's too much rain,
26:37we catch it and put it into the aquifers
26:39or on-farm storage.
26:42So then it's there for when we need the rain.
26:44So we have to be smarter.
26:47It's not going away, climate change.
26:49We have 30, 40 years of this.
26:52We have to use that water better.
26:54We have to catch it and keep it.
26:57So thank you.
26:58Thank you so much.
26:59Hamaar sa jurni ke liye,
27:00Dr. Simon Heck,
27:01Dr. Stanford Blade,
27:04Ahsan Yasin Mohamad,
27:05Dr. Rachel McDonnell,
27:07and Dr. Viren Kumar.
27:09Hamaar sa jurni ke liye,
27:10bhot-bhot shukriyad, dhani waad.
27:12Thank you so much.
27:41Thank you, each and everyone here.
27:44Thanks a lot.
27:45And Manoj par mein bula ra cha hoongi
27:48Sri Manoj Sharma ji ko,
27:50CEO and publisher,
27:51India Today Group.
27:53Kripiya, Manoj ji Manoj par ai.
27:58Kripiya, Manoj par ai.
28:01कर दो वाड़ी जास बोप्रोपक्त, आजिछ प्रधालो के जब दिख अर कर दिए ब तो यादा, जब जब लुणत, जब
28:22दो युदा जब कर दिए तो दो जारे कि अदिए जब कि तोन गुद्ध।
28:26झालुचर जंग झालुचर्ण