Cuarto Milenio - 4x13 - La peste negra - Parte 1 - HD 720 - Vídeo Dailymotion

Cuarto Milenio Fans

Ver Cuarto Milenio - 4x13 - La peste negra - Parte 1 - HD 720 - Cuarto Milenio Fans en Dailymotion

Transcript

00:00:26The Chariot of Death

00:00:33The Chariot of Death

00:01:00But all those people in our own country looked to the heavens

00:01:04They were certain that God had grown tired of the human race.

00:01:07It was the great curse

00:01:1024 million deaths in 1347 alone

00:01:15The equivalent of what today would be a nuclear cataclysm

00:01:19Tonight we're going to have a historic opportunity

00:01:22Tonight, here present

00:01:25The living spectrum still

00:01:27From that curse

00:01:29The Black Death

00:01:36What can be seen today from the banks of the Berousa estuary

00:01:40In the municipality of Riancho, in Galicia

00:01:42It's a beautiful view

00:01:46But this Iberian image

00:01:48It fades into the distant past

00:01:50Some point to the 16th century

00:01:53And others towards the 17th

00:02:00In those uncertain times

00:02:02The Black Death

00:02:03And the most diverse diseases

00:02:06They preyed on a small Galician population

00:02:09Which ended up being almost completely erased from the map

00:02:14Only its ruins remained.

00:02:16And its ominous name

00:02:18Agüin

00:02:33The residents of the current cursed village

00:02:37Agüin

00:02:38They besiege the Armenteira monastery

00:02:40To steal a series of treasures

00:02:43That were kept in that monastery

00:02:45At the moment they commit the robbery

00:02:58And they arrive at the village

00:02:59They entrust that treasure to their safekeeping.

00:03:01To the parish priest of the village itself

00:03:04Because it was known

00:03:06That the civil authorities

00:03:08And ecclesiastical

00:03:09They were going to inspect the area

00:03:11To try to locate the thieves

00:03:17The crossroads was called Blanco.

00:03:21And then

00:03:23On days like these

00:03:25The priest died

00:03:26Died

00:03:40They stole the treasure

00:03:42Since it was from a priest

00:03:43And then the village

00:03:44That she was already cursed

00:03:46And that's where the name comes from.

00:03:47From a cursed village

00:03:49So

00:03:50Some animals were dying

00:03:51People were dying

00:03:52Then came the plague

00:03:55Because there was hunger

00:03:56And that's when

00:03:57They started on the people

00:03:59To leave Agüín

00:04:01For other sites

00:04:02Oral traditions

00:04:04They point out that the curse

00:04:05It fell upon the village

00:04:07And its inhabitants

00:04:08Because of the sacrilegious

00:04:09Theft of religious objects

00:04:11With complicity

00:04:12From the parish priest of Agüin

00:04:13Divine vengeance

00:04:15He was ruthless

00:04:23Agüin was burned

00:04:24And then

00:04:26When burned

00:04:28The people were already there.

00:04:29Even cursed

00:04:30For everyone

00:04:31Because he had the plague

00:04:32Was

00:04:33Was

00:04:33Possessed

00:04:34Was

00:04:35With God's punishment

00:04:37These days

00:04:38It was abandoned

00:04:39That's why here

00:04:40Not anymore

00:04:40Nobody lives there

00:04:42They already hold a grudge.

00:04:44They are afraid

00:04:45They are afraid

00:04:47There's something here

00:04:48Buried

00:04:48And he doesn't know where he is.

00:04:50And it is sacrilege

00:04:51It was a sacrilege

00:04:53What I did

00:04:53That was

00:04:54He's terrified

00:04:55He's terrified

00:05:05They were always interacting

00:05:07Those evils

00:05:07Either through divine punishment or

00:05:09Or with misdeeds

00:05:11Made by someone

00:05:12That was part

00:05:13From society

00:05:14Next

00:05:16And we had to defend ourselves.

00:05:18Against

00:05:19Against

00:05:19All those evils

00:05:20That caused

00:05:22The death of people

00:05:23The death of animals

00:05:24The destruction

00:05:26From the harvests

00:05:27Etc

00:05:28With the arrival

00:05:29Of the plague

00:05:29The people

00:05:30He's not going to think

00:05:31What is it about?

00:05:31From an infection

00:05:32Created by a battery

00:05:33Simply

00:05:34They're going to think

00:05:35What is it about?

00:05:35From a divine punishment

00:05:36So

00:05:37The village

00:05:38It becomes cursed

00:05:39And there are two alternatives.

00:05:41Or they remain

00:05:42The small town

00:05:43Which will end up being

00:05:44Let's say

00:05:45The end of his days

00:05:46Because they will end up infected

00:05:47Either they leave

00:05:48What's happening?

00:05:49The people who leave

00:05:50Let's say

00:05:51To spread

00:05:52Or help spread

00:05:53The plague

00:05:54With that, let's say

00:05:55That the epidemic

00:05:56It spreads

00:05:57To the nuclei

00:05:58Population

00:05:58Next

00:05:59And so let's say

00:06:00Until the end

00:06:01Spreading through an area

00:06:03And giving rise to

00:06:03Well, what a plague

00:06:05The epidemic

00:06:06Have success

00:06:06That he had at this moment

00:06:07Fable or chimera

00:06:09The truth is that

00:06:10There was a time

00:06:11In which the Black Death

00:06:12Galicia was devastated

00:06:13And all of Europe

00:06:15Provoking

00:06:15High mortality rate

00:06:19I thought it was

00:06:19Bubonic plague

00:06:20They weren't always

00:06:21Bubonic plagues

00:06:22But also

00:06:22Diseases that today

00:06:24We think

00:06:25Virtually harmless

00:06:27At the time

00:06:28They were mortal

00:06:29Out of necessity

00:06:30I'm talking

00:06:31Of flu

00:06:32From smallpox

00:06:35Phalingitis

00:06:36Etc

00:06:36At the moment

00:06:37That extended

00:06:38Well, one

00:06:38A viral epidemic

00:06:40Today we are protected

00:06:42Then

00:06:42It produced

00:06:43Well

00:06:44High mortality rate

00:06:46More than 60%

00:06:48Of the population

00:06:49He dies at that moment.

00:06:50For example

00:06:52In the jurisdiction

00:06:53From Noya

00:06:53They say that

00:06:54Two out of every three neighbors

00:06:56He dies

00:06:58More than 60%

00:06:59Of the population

00:07:00I insist

00:07:00Perishes

00:07:01And the sources report

00:07:03That corpses appear

00:07:05Unburied

00:07:05Along the roads

00:07:19The population

00:07:21Terrified

00:07:22Not knowing

00:07:23How to protect yourself

00:07:24I used to go

00:07:25To superstitions

00:07:26To the rites

00:07:27Primordials

00:07:28Of magic

00:07:28From their ancestors

00:07:29Celts

00:07:30To combat

00:07:31The pestilences

00:07:32That they fell

00:07:32About them

00:07:33They used symbols

00:07:35That frightened

00:07:36To hell with it

00:07:36Of diseases

00:07:38Like crosses

00:07:39Or other signs

00:07:40Sanctified

00:07:42The people

00:07:44He put marks

00:07:45And symbols

00:07:47And crosses

00:07:48For

00:07:49Protect

00:07:50The village

00:07:51To ask him

00:07:53Sorry

00:07:53Bye

00:08:00Many times

00:08:01Those crosses

00:08:01They were placed

00:08:02About brands

00:08:03That they could have

00:08:03Another meaning

00:08:04Or even

00:08:06They were pagans

00:08:07Christianizing

00:08:08And blessing

00:08:09Just in case

00:08:10That the pagan

00:08:11I also had

00:08:12Something to see

00:08:12With the guilt

00:08:13Of that

00:08:14Of that curse

00:08:15The team

00:08:17From the fourth millennium

00:08:18He toured

00:08:19The trails

00:08:19And ruins

00:08:20From the old

00:08:20Cursed Village

00:08:22From Abuín

00:08:22Over there

00:08:23Among ruins

00:08:24Stone

00:08:25Found

00:08:26The symbols

00:08:26Protection

00:08:27Engravings

00:08:28On the sides

00:08:29From the doors

00:08:29Of the houses

00:08:30Hurriedly

00:08:31Abandoned

00:08:32By its owners

00:08:33Hundreds ago

00:08:34Years ago

00:08:35It can't be done

00:08:36Avoid

00:08:36A shiver

00:08:37When imagining

00:08:38The pain

00:08:39And death

00:08:39Which caused

00:08:40The disease

00:08:41Of the rats

00:09:05Despite the fact that

00:09:06Nowadays

00:09:06You can feel it.

00:09:07An air

00:09:08Peace and quiet

00:09:08And beauty

00:09:09Bucolic

00:09:09In that

00:09:10Hidden

00:09:11Galician village

00:09:12The shadows

00:09:13From the past

00:09:14They overturn

00:09:14About her black

00:09:15History

00:09:16Some believe

00:09:17That the treasure

00:09:18Stolen

00:09:19Responsible

00:09:19Of the curse

00:09:20It's still there

00:09:21Buried

00:09:22Somewhere

00:09:22From Abuín

00:09:23What you can't

00:09:25Deny

00:09:25The thing is

00:09:26The dead

00:09:27They didn't let

00:09:28That no one else

00:09:29Habitase

00:09:30This village

00:09:30Forgotten

00:09:31Forever

00:09:41The plague

00:09:41The Black Death

00:09:42That here

00:09:43Somehow

00:09:44It is present

00:09:44You know

00:09:45That the ship

00:09:45Of the mystery

00:09:46His ship

00:09:46Of the mystery

00:09:47He is capable

00:09:47To move

00:09:48Over time

00:09:49And on this occasion

00:09:50The story is powerful.

00:09:51So strong

00:09:52I have to give notice

00:09:53About what

00:09:54Despite

00:09:55Be a reproduction

00:09:56From our colleague

00:09:56Juan Villa

00:09:58Impressive

00:09:58And it can hurt

00:09:59Sensitivity

00:09:59But damn

00:10:01This is the truth

00:10:01The absolute truth

00:10:03About what happened

00:10:04In Europe

00:10:04In a Europe

00:10:05Plundered

00:10:06Depopulated areas in Spain

00:10:07Entire areas

00:10:09Regions

00:10:09That they stayed

00:10:10Without anyone

00:10:11Everything for which

00:10:12It looked like a real

00:10:13Divine curse

00:10:14Juan Villa

00:10:15Friend

00:10:15As usual

00:10:15Welcome

00:10:16Good night

00:10:17Thank you for this

00:10:18Now we're going to see

00:10:19Thank you

00:10:19Awesome

00:10:20Awesome

00:10:21And of course

00:10:22Who can be the guide?

00:10:23Who can tell us this?

00:10:24So clearly?

00:10:27I can't see another one

00:10:28Dr. Cabrera

00:10:29Hello

00:10:29Good night

00:10:31Thank you as always.

00:10:31Hey

00:10:32I know you know some of these things

00:10:34That impress me

00:10:36That I didn't know

00:10:37But what do we practice?

00:10:38The plague is still present

00:10:40In our lives

00:10:40Somehow

00:10:41Well

00:10:42Every time someone sneezes

00:10:43And Jesus says to him

00:10:45He is remembering the plague.

00:10:47Because the first symptom

00:10:48Of the plague

00:10:48It was pulmonary.

00:10:49It was the sneeze

00:10:50Therefore

00:10:51Every time someone says Jesus

00:10:52To someone who sneezes

00:10:53He is remembering the plague.

00:10:55I mean

00:10:55That somehow

00:10:57In the collective unconscious

00:10:59That's what's left.

00:10:59To exorcise the disease

00:11:01When I was born

00:11:02No?

00:11:02Jesus

00:11:03Juan

00:11:04Let's go

00:11:05We will proceed

00:11:06In this cart

00:11:07Which leads us

00:11:08Well

00:11:09To centuries past

00:11:10But the thing is

00:11:11For a long time

00:11:12Doctor

00:11:12The plague

00:11:13He has been present

00:11:14It's not just the one from 1348

00:11:17Unfortunately

00:11:18The plague has been

00:11:19A constant companion of man

00:11:21A horse of the apocalypse

00:11:22Who has always ridden

00:11:23The plague is a disease

00:11:25Terrible

00:11:25Infectious

00:11:26That for many

00:11:27Hundreds of years

00:11:28It has had waves of epidemics

00:11:29And in every wave

00:11:30Many people were dying

00:11:31So

00:11:32In Europe, for example

00:11:33There have been several

00:11:34In the 12th century

00:11:35In the 14th century

00:11:36In the 15th century

00:11:36And every time the plague passed

00:11:38Like the horse of the apocalypse

00:11:39As you say

00:11:40Thousands of people were dying

00:11:42Dr. Cabrera told me

00:11:44Buddy

00:11:45From the beginning

00:11:46From this program

00:11:47He gets excited

00:11:48Like us

00:11:49And one is overwhelmed

00:11:50It's overwhelming.

00:11:51Like us

00:11:51But it was a good opportunity

00:11:53This is so hard

00:11:54It's a good opportunity

00:11:55Yes, because

00:11:57Many people

00:11:58He knows that the plague

00:11:59It was terrible.

00:12:00But it's a historic opportunity

00:12:01That today

00:12:02Let's explain what really happened

00:12:03It was the plague

00:12:04And this has never been done before.

00:12:06At least as far as I know

00:12:07On a television set

00:12:08Because there are a lot of people

00:12:10And analyzing books on epidemics

00:12:11That we have read

00:12:12And they are strong too

00:12:14There are still different theories

00:12:16That is to say

00:12:16Well

00:12:16It appears that there are several factors.

00:12:18Then John

00:12:19He's going to surprise us again.

00:12:20With those factors

00:12:21Vectors

00:12:22Of this demonic disease

00:12:23Before we begin to analyze the body

00:12:25Doctor

00:12:26There has been no illness.

00:12:27More associated

00:12:28To the curse

00:12:29As we have seen in Galicia

00:12:30That the Black Death

00:12:31Well

00:12:31When you say

00:12:32This child is a pest

00:12:33You are remembering

00:12:35That this child is the devil

00:12:36He is evil.

00:12:37Because it really is

00:12:38In Europe

00:12:39And in other countries around the world

00:12:41But above all

00:12:41In our Europe

00:12:42It was the devil

00:12:43It was divine punishment.

00:12:45Par excellence

00:12:45The plague

00:12:46A black disease

00:12:47And damn it

00:12:48That it was apocalyptic

00:12:49Because everything he touched

00:12:51He killed him

00:12:51Symptoms of the plague

00:12:52How did people begin to find out?

00:12:54We already know that sneezing

00:12:55It was common

00:12:55But what was starting to happen

00:12:57In the bodies of some people

00:12:58When this disease

00:13:00Was it attacking invisibly?

00:13:01Well, the first thing you need to know

00:13:02People need to know this

00:13:03It's the plague

00:13:04There aren't many diseases.

00:13:05It's just an infectious disease.

00:13:07Such as tuberculosis

00:13:08Leprosy

00:13:08It is produced by a bacterium

00:13:10And depending on how he attacked

00:13:12This bacteria

00:13:12Thus there were several types of plague

00:13:14That's why

00:13:15There was a Black Death

00:13:16There was bubonic plague

00:13:17There was pneumonic plague

00:13:18That's important.

00:13:19And then

00:13:20The first symptoms

00:13:21They depended on the person

00:13:22If the person was an elderly person

00:13:24As is the case

00:13:24Or was he a child?

00:13:25It was easier to die

00:13:26And dying faster

00:13:28And one could die

00:13:28In 24 hours

00:13:3024 hours

00:13:31Which is the quickest death

00:13:32Except with viruses

00:13:33Or with a toxic substance

00:13:35And then there was

00:13:36Who could endure

00:13:37Several days

00:13:37So

00:13:38For example

00:13:39If a person

00:13:39He endured the illness

00:13:40For several days

00:13:41Buboes appeared

00:13:43That is to say

00:13:43Some inflammations

00:13:44Which we will now see

00:13:45And it was the bubonic plague

00:13:46So,

00:13:47Each one

00:13:48He was facing the disease

00:13:49Until death

00:13:51Always safe

00:13:51In a way

00:13:52Foreground

00:13:54What we have to learn

00:13:55Buboes

00:13:56And we're going to see them

00:13:57The bubo

00:13:58It is an inflammation

00:14:00What are we seeing?

00:14:01Here on the neck

00:14:02What are we seeing?

00:14:03For example

00:14:04Here in the groin

00:14:06This inflammation

00:14:07What do we see here?

00:14:08That it could be that size

00:14:09And bigger

00:14:10Because the question

00:14:11That's because we have it there.

00:14:12The lymph nodes

00:14:13Lymph nodes

00:14:14That we all have

00:14:15They protect us from bacteria

00:14:16So when a person

00:14:17It got infected

00:14:18Those lymph nodes were swollen

00:14:19And as it swells

00:14:21In the end, they died on their own.

00:14:22Because they couldn't

00:14:23With the disease

00:14:24And these buboes

00:14:25They were like that

00:14:26About this size

00:14:28Blackish

00:14:28And in the end

00:14:29They oozed

00:14:30And this

00:14:30That's why it was called

00:14:31Bubonic plague

00:14:32A type of disease

00:14:33Of the plague

00:14:34But you need to know

00:14:36That the person

00:14:36That he had buboes

00:14:37He was a person

00:14:38What had happened?

00:14:38Several days

00:14:39Until death

00:14:40It wasn't a sudden death

00:14:42Bubonic plague

00:14:43So there were people

00:14:44That he lived perfectly

00:14:45That followed

00:14:46Struggling

00:14:46Surviving

00:14:47With those buboes

00:14:47With those marks

00:14:48There could be several.

00:14:49And for different reasons

00:14:50Body areas

00:14:51Always

00:14:51Always where there are lymph nodes

00:14:52The inguinal lymph nodes

00:14:54Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

00:14:55Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit

00:14:56That is to say

00:14:57A bubo could not appear

00:14:58On the leg

00:14:58It couldn't appear on the chest

00:15:00Because there are no lymph nodes there.

00:15:01They only appeared

00:15:02In those specific places

00:15:03More things

00:15:05Well, it was being talked about

00:15:06Doctor

00:15:07From respiratory problems

00:15:09They were the first

00:15:10And a very high fever

00:15:11The first symptoms

00:15:13The first time

00:15:15That the bacteria entered

00:15:16It could enter through the air

00:15:18From someone who was sick

00:15:19Because once

00:15:20That the person was dead

00:15:21If I play

00:15:22To the person with the plague

00:15:23I don't catch the plague

00:15:24We found that out later

00:15:25Back then, no one knew.

00:15:27We found out later

00:15:28But if anyone is alive

00:15:29And the bacteria

00:15:30It is in the respiratory system

00:15:31He had pneumonia

00:15:32The famous pneumonia

00:15:34But from the plague

00:15:34And that person

00:15:35Through the breath

00:15:36The bacteria was coming out

00:15:37I mean

00:15:38That belief

00:15:39That there was popular

00:15:40That reached the people

00:15:40To be frightened

00:15:41That through the air

00:15:42It was contagious

00:15:42That divine disease

00:15:43It was partly true

00:15:44Clear

00:15:45Naturally

00:15:45The thing is, it was

00:15:46The route of contagion

00:15:47Less frequent

00:15:47But there was

00:15:49That is to say

00:15:49A person was spitting

00:15:50Or a person was breathing

00:15:51By your side

00:15:52And then they come

00:15:53Those famous masks

00:15:56Doctors' masks

00:15:57Which, by the way, doctor

00:15:58Why were they wearing them?

00:15:59They were wearing them

00:16:00Because they knew

00:16:01That's what had to be done

00:16:02It was not to approach the corpse.

00:16:04Or to the sick person

00:16:05And for that

00:16:05What could be better?

00:16:06They calculated the distance

00:16:07Clear

00:16:07What could be better?

00:16:08Put on a mask

00:16:09Beak-shaped

00:16:10And that mask

00:16:11He made you see the sick person

00:16:13But you will not go near him

00:16:14I mean

00:16:15They didn't know

00:16:15What was happening?

00:16:16But they knew

00:16:17That if you didn't come closer

00:16:18You didn't get infected

00:16:19Awesome

00:16:20Really

00:16:20More details

00:16:21Perhaps the Black Death

00:16:22Because this

00:16:24I imagine so, of course.

00:16:25That hygiene

00:16:25It was important at the time

00:16:27Due to its deficiency

00:16:28And that hygiene

00:16:30It would also cause

00:16:31A greater expansion

00:16:32From that bacteria

00:16:33But there was a darkness

00:16:35That was already her own

00:16:35Of the human body

00:16:36From the dirt

00:16:37Clear

00:16:37Because the person

00:16:38That he was catching the plague

00:16:39The lung was beginning to fail

00:16:41And breathing gets worse

00:16:42The limbs

00:16:43From the fingers

00:16:44From the feet

00:16:44And from the hands

00:16:45They were dying

00:16:46And upon dying

00:16:47They were turning black

00:16:48It was like gangrene

00:16:49And that's why it was called

00:16:50Black Death

00:16:53Precisely

00:16:53The black word

00:16:54It was because they appeared

00:16:55Black spots

00:16:56In all limbs

00:16:57Nose

00:16:58Fingers

00:17:00Toes

00:17:01It's not

00:17:42Therefore, that Black Death was also associated with the black cloak of death, with the funereal image

00:17:47of death.

00:17:48And speaking of data, I started the program with some data related to Spain, but also related to Europe or

00:17:52Regarding the world, it's something we can't even imagine, doctor.

00:17:56Of the number of people who have died from this disease.

00:17:59Millions of people. The plague is the infectious disease that has killed the most people in the history of humankind.

00:18:04And it's unlikely there's another one that can surpass the plague.

00:18:07Half of Europe is depopulated.

00:18:08Unpopulated.

00:18:09Uncultivated fields, abandoned villages, and they say 200 million affected, 200 million dead from the

00:18:17plague.

00:18:17Was something happening in the mouth?

00:18:19Doctor, we are looking at a very particular language.

00:18:20Yes. The language was... The language, people by the way, for those who don't know, should know that the

00:18:26The tongue is made up of approximately 32 muscles.

00:18:3032 muscles of the tongue?

00:18:31Of course. It's important to say these things because otherwise it seems like language is just something that's there, not really.

00:18:34We talked, period.

00:18:35That tongue was eventually also affected by the plague and turned black. And then the person who had the plague...

00:18:42Finally, his tongue was black. Just like the black tongues of certain dogs called chau chau dogs.

00:18:46Exactly the same, that purple tongue was typical of respiratory problems that eventually caused the tongue to have color.

00:18:53Of course. And the symptom of seeing someone with buboes and seeing someone with a tongue, I imagine there was everything

00:18:58all kinds of lynchings, all kinds of horrendous deaths. And not only that, the way of healing sometimes, the most

00:19:05The ideal solution, they say, was to burn the bodies. Those funeral pyres have become an image of the Middle Ages.

00:19:10Of course, because they knew back then that fire was the only thing that destroyed everything. And if the

00:19:15Fire would end everything, it would end the plague. We must also remember that in those days people slept on mattresses.

00:19:20straw.

00:19:21There was no hygiene, as you said. Nutrition was terrible. I mean, people never bathed. Or

00:19:28So, some kings showered once a year. Kings. Therefore, dirt contributed to that.

00:19:33And fire was the only thing that could exterminate them. Houses burned, farms burned, and everything burned

00:19:38the corpses.

00:19:39There were cases in Mallorca, for example, in specific neighborhoods, cordoned off, with people dying from the plague, marked with a

00:19:45Cross. Isn't it a legend?

00:19:46No, no, no. And in fact, the soldiers at that time surrounded the area as if it were a quarantine zone and

00:19:52Whoever went out died.

00:19:53In other words, the soldiers had a royal order that the people who had the plague should not go out to anyone.

00:19:57No one would enter. Therefore, you either died of plague or died by the sword.

00:20:01This plague corpse holds more clues. But, Juan, you've brought other copies of non-human beings, precisely.

00:20:08Tell us, because there are a couple of interesting elements at this point.

00:20:12Of course, we've brought in the chain that produced all this corpse, all this disease, right?

00:20:16Which is, in the first instance, the fleas and, as a consequence of the flea bite, the rats that infected.

00:20:23Sure, sure.

00:20:24Bring them, Juan, because this is going to be a very interesting and impressive element too, eh?

00:20:29Because it's really curious. Even today, as we saw in Pablo Villarrubia's report, there are still people like that.

00:20:34that relates a tragic event, a sacrilegious act, to the plague.

00:20:39And they don't really know why the plague was transmitted, where it started, not knowing that it started with these things that

00:20:45We have it here.

00:20:45Well, this is exciting and people are going to love it. What you have in your hand, right? They are

00:20:51fleas.

00:20:51The size won't be visible.

00:20:52It might not be visible on camera; it's difficult. A flea is an animal, a very tiny arthropod, that

00:20:58pica.

00:20:58And there are many types of fleas. And there were fleas that specialized in rats, which were the rat flea.

00:21:05And this flea was the carrier of the bacteria, Yersinia pestis. Today we've given it that name because Yersinia pestis is a bacterium that causes pests to fleas.

00:21:11He discovered her.

00:21:11And so that flea had inside it; the flea didn't die of the plague, but it transmitted the plague to

00:21:17the rat and the human being.

00:21:19This is the key element. And it was in the straw of the mattresses, in the straw of the houses, in

00:21:23the doors, on the earth, everywhere.

00:21:25And there we have an image that is much more threatening, as is the case with these little bugs, right?

00:21:31Magnificent image. A giant flea that he has enlarged. And it's an arthropod. It's a tiny arthropod that

00:21:37It bites, as you can see, with little legs, because the flea jumps.

00:21:40And so this flea lives in the clothes, lives in the fabrics, and is in the flea. This was the

00:21:45fundamental cause of disease transmission. And then the pneumonic one.

00:21:49Because of the blood that also accumulated in his body, in his digestive tract, and because certain elements were produced

00:21:56That's why they ended up infecting people.

00:21:57And that was unstoppable, because they were riding on the coattails of what Juan Villa is going to bring now. It was a reproduction.

00:22:02Exceptional. We must consider, Doctor, that we are fortunate to have a touch of history, aren't we?

00:22:07And I'm impressed, on the one hand. By the way, could injuries or amputations occur, as happens with leprosy?

00:22:14Yes, because in the end the necrotic, that is, dead, limbs would fall off and in the end the person would be missing

00:22:21a finger or a toe.

00:22:24There it is. The rat. Which, of course, we can see here...

00:22:28Black rat, which also gave its name to the plague, right?

00:22:31And it is very important that people know that this black rat, the Epimis norvegicus, was a Nordic rat that

00:22:37She had a flea that bit her,

00:22:41And she, the rat, got into everything. There were no sewers, no places, the rat lived with the

00:22:46human being.

00:22:46If the rat bit you, which could happen, it could also infect you with the plague. This rat was the cause of

00:22:52to carry the disease everywhere.

00:22:55In fact, even today, in ports, we see ships when they throw out their ropes, and those ropes have a

00:23:01circular plate on the rope,

00:23:05And nobody knows why. It's so that a rat can't get off the ship and onto land.

00:23:09And all the large ships that dock in ports today have that platform.

00:23:14And it is the black rat that, incidentally, became extinct in favor of the brown rat, which is the one that

00:23:19He's with us today.

00:23:20Incidentally, Dr. Cabrera, not without a thread, 1347, tells the story, what is known of the

00:23:27plague,

00:23:28which remains partly a mystery, that ships arriving from the Mediterranean, specifically to the island of Mallorca,

00:23:34Specifically, that horseman of the apocalypse is carried on by the rats on the ships.

00:23:39So, such a small, seemingly harmless animal caused the massacre of 200 million people worldwide.

00:23:46this time.

00:23:46Extreme thinness, the feeling of total malnutrition, was also caused by the plague.

00:23:51Of course, because as soon as the person started with the disease, they had no appetite, they didn't eat anything.

00:23:55And even back then people ate poorly, so on top of that, with the illness and the infected respiratory system,

00:24:00digestive system, pains in the hands, rattling sounds, the person did not eat and always ended up in the same way.

00:24:07In other words, nobody died of the plague from being fat. Everyone ended up emaciated, which is what this man looks like.

00:24:13Finally, doctor, what would life be like for someone who was suddenly infected?

00:24:18I'm imagining him right now, this good man, from the 14th or 17th century, who suddenly had the symptoms

00:24:25of the Black Death.

00:24:26What was happening to him?

00:24:28If his family loved him, they hid him. In other words, this man lived in a family and...

00:24:33"Better his daughter or his sister," he said.

00:24:35Oh, he's already infected! So they were hiding Grandpa, why else would the authorities have taken him away?

00:24:40In other words, these doctors would catch him with these spikes and then hide it, continue, try to do something to him,

00:24:47But they didn't know what; they gave them milk, they gave them more food than the remains, they also gave them eggs.

00:24:51And in the end, he died. He necessarily died because there were no antibiotics, but at first they tried to hide that from him.

00:24:57Unless you were a single person, in which case you were screwed.

00:25:00Is there a plague in the world today?

00:25:02There is plague in the world today and people should know this, not with fear, but if there is no plague, there are epidemic hotspots.

00:25:07of plague in Asia,

00:25:08In some parts of India, the problem is that there are antibiotics.

00:25:11Today, a person with the plague can be cured with antibiotics, but imagine if someone infects another person with the plague.

00:25:18who is coming to Europe

00:25:19And the plague appears in a town in Spain, for example.

00:25:22What would happen?

00:25:23Well, that disease, which is a notifiable disease, would require the quarantine of the area where it is located.

00:25:29person.

00:25:30A quarantine that would be like in the movies, practically military, because the plague is very contagious.

00:25:35What would happen is that, of course, we don't have these rats and the brown rat flea doesn't transmit the disease.

00:25:40The plague is the same.

00:25:42Rarely has a society been cursed, rarely have people looked to the sky with such faith, hoping for an answer.

00:25:50Rarely has the European continent been so diminished.

00:25:53Everything we've explained here.

00:25:55In a lesson, I think, masterful once again, by Dr. Cabrera, many people will have seen it in another way

00:26:01shape,

00:26:02It has nothing to do with what the books say.

00:26:04And there are engravings that also show all that apocalypse that was experienced.

00:26:08Death in the villages, bonfires with crackling bodies, those doctors collecting corpses.

00:26:14Can you imagine? It's our own history; we've survived that.

00:26:18Dr. Cabrera, as always, a lesson.

00:26:20Go ahead, thank you.

00:26:21Juan Villa, as always, my friend.

00:26:22Thank you so much.

00:26:23Thank you once again for bringing history here, so we can touch it.

00:26:27Impressive, truly.

00:26:29In short, this car really traveled across Europe with this cargo.

00:26:34Many people died, convinced that they had done something wrong, sacrilegious.

00:26:39The relationship between divinity and disease.

00:26:41Now let's look at some other images, also impressive.

00:26:44Images from Cuarto Milenio.

00:26:56Pay close attention, friends, because we're having some great days of photography this season.

00:27:02Guillermo León is watching them and eager to solve some mysteries.

00:27:05For example, these first two are international.

00:27:08And really, Carmen, there are few places with as many strange photographs as in a sacred environment.

00:27:17St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

00:27:20Patricia sent this one.

00:27:21We have received many photographs from St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican showing strange things.

00:27:26And some of them, to be honest, we haven't been able to identify.

00:27:29Here, in principle, we don't see absolutely anything, right?

00:27:32Because the background is very dark.

00:27:34Let's start applying brightness filters to see if we actually find anything.

00:27:41There we already have something that seemed to be floating.

00:27:44What our friend Patricia tells us is that a large part of this St. Peter's Basilica was fenced off.

00:27:50because there was a visit, that of the Argentine president.

00:27:54So, what she does is stand in front of that fence and take the photograph.

00:27:58He says there was absolutely nothing and nobody behind it.

00:28:01Guillermo, after doing some of the analysis, let's expand on it a little bit.

00:28:06And that way we can better see what it might be about.

00:28:09Here we see how it is in that first term, right?

00:28:11As if it were some fabric that was floating.

00:28:14But this thing with fabric...

00:28:14And here we get the details.

00:28:16It has happened several times.

00:28:17On other occasions, Guillermo told us that it could be some kind of banner.

00:28:21Those that tourists follow when the guide goes ahead.

00:28:24But here we see that there are neither guides nor tourists

00:28:26Because, as Patricia told us, the area is fenced off.

00:28:29Perhaps they were guarding something inside.

00:28:32We don't believe it.

00:28:33But anyway, we'll leave it at that.

00:28:35We cannot identify what it is at this time, Iker.

00:28:39And Guillermo is beyond help.

00:28:40There is no photographic fraud.

00:28:42That's out of the question.

00:28:43That is completely ruled out.

00:28:44Look.

00:28:44Furthermore, Patricia's photo contained all the EXIF information.

00:28:47Let's say, the whole ID card in the photo.

00:28:49There was no manipulation.

00:28:50It's impressive.

00:28:51Look, it's kind of floating, isn't it?

00:28:53A veil there.

00:28:54Well, we have no solution for this curious photograph.

00:28:57Hey, by the way, this goes really well with the topic we have for the end of the night.

00:29:01Yes, nectoplasm, right?

00:29:02Yes, yes, yes.

00:29:03Truly amazing.

00:29:04But what is most surprising is that we will have received

00:29:06those that we have not been able to resolve

00:29:09Already 10 or 12 from the Vatican.

00:29:11Anyway, it might mean something.

00:29:13We continue traveling and we're going to the Seine, to Paris.

00:29:16Matilde sent us this image from June 13th a couple of years ago.

00:29:21He tells us that they were traveling along the Seine in a boat,

00:29:25that he was with some coworkers

00:29:28and that, well, some of the monuments,

00:29:30of the figures that most caught his attention,

00:29:32He photographed them.

00:29:33When he arrives back in Spain,

00:29:36He begins to notice that there is something strange in the photographs.

00:29:40You can barely make anything out here, can you?

00:29:42No.

00:29:42Or maybe down here.

00:29:44We're going to expand it.

00:29:45Let's see if we can expand that area

00:29:48And that's precisely where we see what's there.

00:29:53Don't you sense anything either?

00:29:54Yes, one face.

00:29:55A face, right?

00:29:56We're going to illuminate that area.

00:30:00An eye, in this case.

00:30:00Do you see it better there?

00:30:01An eye.

00:30:02Okay, let's make it smaller.

00:30:03because it will look better

00:30:05The further we move away from this image.

00:30:09Here it's going to be the opposite.

00:30:11There it is, right?

00:30:12We can even raise it a little bit,

00:30:13drag it a little.

00:30:15Because you can clearly see a woman's face.

00:30:18Let's see if we can move it.

00:30:20Can we see it better there?

00:30:21Yes, yes.

00:30:22You can see a woman's face, right?

00:30:24But she is a physical woman.

00:30:25In other words, she's a woman who...

00:30:25Well, she also identified him as a woman,

00:30:28But he said he didn't know her at all.

00:30:30Like a sleeping woman, with her eyes closed.

00:30:33We've found an explanation.

00:30:35And that would be it, Iker...

00:30:36Let's look at this photograph

00:30:37because we're going to identify him perfectly.

00:30:41Boats traveling along the Seine.

00:30:42They have a glass top.

00:30:44The person who was behind,

00:30:45whom she had no reason to know,

00:30:47It has been reflected in that glass

00:30:49And that's what caused that face to appear in the photograph.

00:30:53Image fixed.

00:30:54As always, Guillermo has dived deep, quite literally.

00:30:56until a solution is found.

00:30:58A reflection, a pane of glass, and of course, a massive fright.

00:31:02This photo is for our good friend Matilde, who sent it to us from the Seine River.

00:31:06As I said, they are travel photographs,

00:31:09pleasure trips, vacation trips.

00:31:12But the trips we're going to talk about now are completely different.

00:31:16Let these next few minutes serve, above all, as a tribute to fellow journalists.

00:31:21who have lost their lives being the eyes of the war.

00:31:24Now, I've asked some good friends who are coming here, to this table, for something.

00:31:31But first, please, let us remember you forever.

00:31:34and that it must always be present for our profession.

00:31:38They, without weapons, only with the weapons of the camera,

00:31:41The television camera, they gave their lives on the battlefield.

00:32:06This is the most famous war photograph in history.

00:32:09Robert Capa obtained it during the Spanish Civil War.

00:32:15You have probably seen it on more than one occasion,

00:32:19But it expresses, like no other, what happens in the midst of conflict.

00:32:26Reporters Without Borders says that 34 journalists have lost their lives on the front lines.

00:32:35Surely by now, in this final stretch of the year, that macabre tally has risen.

00:32:40Therefore, and recalling Capa's photograph,

00:32:42I have asked three friends, three war reporters,

00:32:49that they dedicate to me, that they dedicate to us, that they dedicate their photograph to them.

00:32:56It's probably not as dramatic as that nameless militiaman,

00:32:59Shot down, but I'm also convinced that I have a story to tell.

00:33:03because in the war, in which I have not been,

00:33:08Human passions must emerge; they say that the best and worst of this species are reflected.

00:33:14They have lived it.

00:33:15And they are also reporters from different generations.

00:33:18And they are all great storytellers.

00:33:22They were there trying to chronicle a sometimes apocalyptic world,

00:33:27which is the battle between human beings, between brothers, after all.

00:33:31Then, it caused a great tsunami, a great controversy, a great fascination,

00:33:37Alberto Vázquez Figueroa is a true master.

00:33:39Alberto, welcome back to Cuarto Milenio.

00:33:41Thank you for being here with us.

00:33:43Thank you very much.

00:33:44I also love, above all, to talk about something as interesting to me as war.

00:33:51which belong to a past that, thank God, is now very distant for me.

00:33:54Let's tell stories, because nobody does it better than you.

00:33:57Let's reminisce.

00:33:58I want it to be a bit of a journey of introspection.

00:34:01and that so many friends are joining this debate about it, about what's going on there.

00:34:06There are many myths surrounding this profession that you have practiced,

00:34:09Although I believe that one is always a war journalist, of whatever kind,

00:34:13and he always carries it inside.

00:34:15But I'm sure we're going to have some surprises.

00:34:17We are joined, of course, by his dear friend Eric Flattini,

00:34:20which, as always, also brings objects, brings physical elements,

00:34:24which are also chronicles of their own history.

00:34:26Eric, good evening, thank you for being here.

00:34:28How are you? Thanks, Iker.

00:34:29And our colleague, who was recently showing his photographs

00:34:32from the war in Afghanistan, from Al Qaeda bases.

00:34:35Luis Álvarez, Luis, good evening.

00:34:37Good night.

00:34:37If you don't mind, before you tell me about your photo

00:34:39And then this comes up with a thousand and one stories,

00:34:42Let's pay a small tribute.

00:34:43Let's remember this profession.

00:34:45We're going to find out what happened.

00:34:47Truly impressive images,

00:34:48But I'm sure they'll be even less impactful for the public.

00:34:53that you're going to tell us later.

00:34:54Let's get on with this report on this profession,

00:34:57also a little darkness.

00:35:04Wars are the worst example

00:35:06of how far the evil of man can go.

00:35:11There, at any point on our planet

00:35:14in which humans kill each other,

00:35:17There are people who risk their lives to tell the tale.

00:35:29Year 2003, Rafa, Gaza Strip.

00:35:34British cameraman James Miller is shot and killed

00:35:38as he approached carrying a white flag

00:35:41towards an Israeli armored vehicle.

00:35:58Two years later, the shooter was simply charged

00:36:02for having violated the rules of combat.

00:36:08Thousands of journalists have died in armed conflicts.

00:36:14According to the NGO, Reporters Without Borders,

00:36:17In 2008, 34 journalists lost their lives in the trenches.

00:36:22collateral victims of the most extreme violence.

00:36:26Georgia, Nepal, Bolivia, and Iraq have seen some of them die.

00:36:32Journalists who have been the unfortunate protagonists

00:36:35of his last big explosion.

00:36:41In recent years, the dramatic deaths

00:36:45by José Couso and Julio Anguita Parrado in Iraq,

00:36:48Julio Fuentes in Afghanistan and Ricardo Ortega in Haiti,

00:36:53They assumed that Spanish society would become aware

00:36:57of something that has been denounced for decades

00:36:59by journalists' associations and NGOs

00:37:02in the face of the neglect and indolence of the great powers.

00:37:06Giving the impression that in many cases,

00:37:09those war chroniclers

00:37:10They are a real problem for countries in conflict.

00:37:17In all contests,

00:37:19Heroes emerge from both sides

00:37:21who risk their lives to defend economic interests,

00:37:24religious or political beliefs

00:37:26or simply a piece of land.

00:37:29In the middle, dodging bullets from both sides,

00:37:33these information soldiers are stationed

00:37:35armed with cameras, notebooks and computers

00:37:38to defend a single flag.

00:37:42The one about freedom of the press.

00:37:56The big question that arises here,

00:37:58And I'm sure many viewers ask themselves that question.

00:38:00I passed it on to Alberto and, of course,

00:38:03Eric and Luis.

00:38:04You can exchange opinions at any time.

00:38:08I don't know, I was just thinking about it, observing this.

00:38:11In war, one realizes that, of course, one cannot generalize.

00:38:14Man is not man.

00:38:16It's men, isn't it?

00:38:17And everyone is different, but...

00:38:19Does one ever think that man is,

00:38:20As many wise people have said,

00:38:23fundamentally evil?

00:38:25No, I don't think so.

00:38:27I don't think so.

00:38:28The thing is, war brings out the worst in people.

00:38:31But the best things usually come out of it too.

00:38:35I have found, precisely, in the war,

00:38:39inspiration for many good things and bad things.

00:38:43It's a difficult time.

00:38:47Almost nobody goes to war,

00:38:49of those who actually go to war and get shot

00:38:53Because he wants to.

00:38:56He sent it.

00:38:58But once you're there,

00:39:00He often loses control of himself

00:39:04because of the violence that surrounds it.

00:39:08The only ones,

00:39:10And that needs to be very clear,

00:39:12who go to war

00:39:14because they want to go to war,

00:39:17or they have been war correspondents.

00:39:20No war correspondent,

00:39:22If he doesn't want to, he doesn't have to go.

00:39:23You can stay in the newspaper's newsroom.

00:39:25Me,

00:39:28I was excited about the idea.

00:39:29I wanted to be a war correspondent.

00:39:31And I suppose you want to be war correspondents

00:39:33And you didn't tell the newspaper,

00:39:35Hey, no, look, I do report writing.

00:39:37The war is clear.

00:39:40They're not there.

00:39:41because they want to

00:39:42more than the reporters.

00:39:47The fact that

00:39:49many die

00:39:51It's one thing

00:39:54that you have to consider

00:39:55from the very first moment.

00:39:57It's your risk.

00:40:00It is your glory.

00:40:01It's your learning.

00:40:03It's about testing yourself

00:40:04to yourself

00:40:06until

00:40:08I am capable of it.

00:40:09from when they're leaving my car riddled with holes

00:40:13and I'm underneath

00:40:14or they'll shoot me in the leg.

00:40:17I say the next day

00:40:18Well, I'm not coming back.

00:40:19That's different.

00:40:21But to have

00:40:23the military personnel who are there

00:40:24in its 99%

00:40:28They are not to blame for being there.

00:40:29then act

00:40:31one way or another

00:40:32It's because

00:40:33They made her take out

00:40:34worst

00:40:35that had

00:40:37And the best part.

00:40:38One thing I remember

00:40:39First, it's a pleasure.

00:40:41sharing

00:40:42table with Alberto

00:40:43and with Erick

00:40:44let's say they

00:40:44They are much more experienced

00:40:45that I

00:40:47oh well

00:40:48I lived through a very intense experience

00:40:49for three months

00:40:50in Afghanistan

00:40:50covering the war

00:40:51for Agency F

00:40:52and so that they can provide shelter

00:40:53And yes, I do remember.

00:40:54a curious thing

00:40:55And it is dehumanization

00:40:56which Erick was talking about.

00:40:57Yes, Erick commented

00:40:58one thing that dehumanizes you

00:40:59But you're talking about the journalist.

00:41:00Yes, from the journalist.

00:41:01Above all

00:41:01by the face of the

00:41:03I meant rather

00:41:04by the faces of the soldiers.

00:41:05How replacements arrive

00:41:07of the first military

00:41:08how they disembark

00:41:08American soldiers

00:41:09about a month later

00:41:11her gaze never returns

00:41:12to never be the same again.

00:41:14Even how they return from the front

00:41:15after having gone down

00:41:16from a helicopter

00:41:17and they return as if they had

00:41:18seen death

00:41:19face to face

00:41:20and surely

00:41:22they will never be again

00:41:22Never again.

00:41:23Change your perspective

00:41:24and change the expression.

00:41:25That man has done

00:41:26an initiatory journey

00:41:26somehow.

00:41:28Yes, I believe that fear

00:41:28It changes you

00:41:29and in this case

00:41:30it even goes

00:41:32to make one lose their mind.

00:41:33I am absolutely convinced

00:41:34And we already saw it in Vietnam.

00:41:35that the syndrome

00:41:36post-traumatic stress

00:41:37He left behind so many people

00:41:38of an entire generation

00:41:39completely traumatized.

00:41:41And I think those

00:41:42These are the consequences

00:41:43about what Alberto was saying

00:41:45and above all

00:41:45well maybe

00:41:46also what leads you

00:41:47to pick up the weapon

00:41:48and to become

00:41:48into an absolute beast.

00:41:51I'll tell you

00:41:52telling you this

00:41:52because people

00:41:53he doesn't know

00:41:54And I have an anecdote

00:41:55very good

00:41:56in the bombings

00:41:57from Sarajevo

00:41:57that I was

00:41:58I was already there

00:41:59with the United Nations.

00:42:00What is being said

00:42:00of that conflict

00:42:00as one of the cruelest

00:42:01that there has been.

00:42:02Well, I think

00:42:03that all sides

00:42:04They were butchers

00:42:05and may he forgive me

00:42:06the Croatian embassy,

00:42:07the Serbian embassy

00:42:08and the embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina

00:42:09But I believe that conflict

00:42:10They were butchers

00:42:12all parties.

00:42:13They were absolutely savage.

00:42:16Because also

00:42:17in the conflict in Yugoslavia

00:42:18I was passing a little

00:42:19as Alberto explained

00:42:20because we really

00:42:22For example

00:42:22clear,

00:42:23the war in Yugoslavia

00:42:24It was in stages.

00:42:25It really wasn't

00:42:26what people know best

00:42:27in the war in Sarajevo

00:42:28with the siege of Sarajevo.

00:42:30But before that there was

00:42:30a very cruel war

00:42:31which was among the Croatians

00:42:32when Croatia

00:42:33declares itself independent.

00:42:34Of course, Croatia has

00:42:3580% of the industry

00:42:37heavy in Yugoslavia.

00:42:38Then Serbia

00:42:38I wasn't going to allow it.

00:42:40What's happening?

00:42:41Of course,

00:42:42The arrival begins

00:42:43of journalists

00:42:43because we knew

00:42:44that it was going to be organized there.

00:42:45Also a little

00:42:46with the topic

00:42:47that no company

00:42:49forces a journalist

00:42:50to cover a war.

00:42:52That area,

00:42:52I was in the Middle East

00:42:53with the SER radio network

00:42:54and that area

00:42:55covered it

00:42:56the correspondent

00:42:57at that time

00:42:58that was destined

00:42:59in Budapest

00:42:59who was the one covering

00:43:00also the area

00:43:01of the Balkans.

00:43:02But the explanation

00:43:03which he gave to news programs

00:43:04from the SER network

00:43:05then

00:43:05It was clear,

00:43:06that he was going to get married now

00:43:07and that she wanted to have children,

00:43:08that he wasn't going to get involved

00:43:08in a war.

00:43:09And then I finished

00:43:10to get out of the war

00:43:11of the Gulf

00:43:12and of the war

00:43:13from Kurdistan

00:43:13which was a month later

00:43:16and then the SER network

00:43:18decided that

00:43:18send me

00:43:19to Yugoslavia

00:43:19so that it would cover

00:43:20the entire conflict

00:43:21and he already caught me

00:43:22the entire conflict

00:43:22until the end

00:43:23from Sarajevo.

00:43:53Thank you!

00:44:09Of course, the conflict

00:44:10from Croatia

00:44:11It was very curious

00:44:12because we

00:44:12we had our base

00:44:13all the journalists

00:44:14in Zagreb,

00:44:15at the Explaná Hotel

00:44:16from Zagreb.

00:44:17So, of course,

00:44:18what's happening?

00:44:18That in Zagreb

00:44:19really from time to time

00:44:20A siren was sounding,

00:44:22from time to time

00:44:22Something was happening,

00:44:23but really the war

00:44:24life was at its best

00:44:2525 kilometers

00:44:26to Karlovac.

00:44:27So, what was it?

00:44:28our reality

00:44:29with war?

00:44:30Well, let me tell you,

00:44:31For example,

00:44:32an anecdote is

00:44:34that there was a city

00:44:36in the north

00:44:37through which they passed

00:44:38all the bridges

00:44:39that joined the river

00:44:40And they said that around there

00:44:41The Serbs could pass.

00:44:43So,

00:44:44It's a city

00:44:44whose name is Karlovac,

00:44:45which is now a city

00:44:46very touristy.

00:44:47Total,

00:44:47we all left

00:44:48there.

00:44:49So,

00:44:49in that group

00:44:49we were

00:44:51Arturo Pérez Reverte,

00:44:52José Luis Márquez,

00:44:54from the Spanish Television Camera,

00:44:55Julito Fuentes del Mundo,

00:44:57Gervasio Sánchez,

00:44:58Javier Espinosa,

00:44:59that at that moment

00:44:59I was a correspondent

00:45:00from Época magazine,

00:45:01me too.

00:45:02Total,

00:45:03that we arrived in that city,

00:45:05we had breakfast

00:45:06at the hotel,

00:45:06Well, all the journalists,

00:45:07because you don't have it there

00:45:08no problem you

00:45:09between the chain C,

00:45:10the copy,

00:45:11You're all going there, that's the same thing.

00:45:13And if we can help each other,

00:45:14We help each other.

00:45:16Well,

00:45:16It turns out we arrived

00:45:17to Karlovac

00:45:18and there was a bridge

00:45:21with different positions

00:45:23like bunkers

00:45:24tiny

00:45:24between the bridge.

00:45:25Total,

00:45:26that Gervasio says,

00:45:27I'll go first

00:45:28I am a photographer

00:45:29to see

00:45:30if there is anything

00:45:30on the other side of the bridge.

00:45:31Total,

00:45:32What's up, Gervasio?

00:45:34Javier Espinosa says,

00:45:36Let me through

00:45:37Let's see if something happens.

00:45:40Happens.

00:45:40What's happening?

00:45:40That they had already detected us

00:45:41From the opposite, the Serbs.

00:45:42Total,

00:45:43that begin to bomb

00:45:43the bridge,

00:45:44because they had already seen us

00:45:45that we were going to go through

00:45:47and we started running

00:45:49and we took refuge

00:45:51in a stable

00:45:51that everything was full

00:45:52of cows.

00:45:53And then Julio Fuentes

00:45:54says,

00:45:55Let's get in

00:45:56under the cows

00:45:56because they can cushion us

00:45:58in case it falls

00:45:58a projectile.

00:45:59And when we entered

00:46:00on the run

00:46:01jumping out of the windows

00:46:02to enter

00:46:03in the cow barn,

00:46:04under the cows

00:46:05They were already occupied

00:46:06throughout the elite guard

00:46:07of the Croatian army,

00:46:08who had already taken refuge

00:46:09under the cows.

00:46:11So,

00:46:12clear,

00:46:13Funny things happen to us

00:46:14because we burst out laughing,

00:46:15because it was a thing

00:46:15truly amazing.

00:46:17They were being bombed

00:46:17on the one hand

00:46:18and all of them inside

00:46:18under the cows.

00:46:21We're back to...

00:46:21There would be no bull.

00:46:23No,

00:46:23They were all cows.

00:46:24I assure you

00:46:25because we were underneath,

00:46:26We could see that they were cows.

00:46:27They were cows.

00:46:28Total,

00:46:29that we arrived at...

00:46:30Well,

00:46:30Well, a little bit about the anecdote,

00:46:31laughing

00:46:32to get rid of us

00:46:33a little bit of adrenaline.

00:46:35We arrived at the Explaná Hotel in Zagreb

00:46:37and suddenly we see

00:46:39everyone silent

00:46:40at the restaurant

00:46:41and at the bar.

00:46:41All the journalists were silent.

00:46:43And then we started asking questions

00:46:44What happened?

00:46:45What happened?

00:46:46Well, that very morning

00:46:46in Karlovac

00:46:47they had killed each other

00:46:47to the whole team

00:46:48from Japanese television,

00:46:49from NHK,

00:46:50and they had killed

00:46:51to the RAI journalist,

00:46:53from Italian television.

00:46:54So, of course,

00:46:54Those are things

00:46:55that bring you back to reality.

00:46:58Another anecdote,

00:46:58For example,

00:46:59what happened to us,

00:47:02we were already covering

00:47:03the siege of Sarajevo

00:47:04by the Serbian artillery

00:47:06and suddenly

00:47:07A journalist arrives,

00:47:08I'll tell you who it is now,

00:47:09who was a boy,

00:47:11He was a photographer

00:47:12who had just finished covering

00:47:12football matches

00:47:13at Barça's stadium.

00:47:16It was Jordi,

00:47:17Jordi Puyol.

00:47:18So, well,

00:47:19Jordi arrives at the hotel

00:47:21of...

00:47:21at the Holiday Inn

00:47:22famous from Sarajevo

00:47:23And we tell him,

00:47:24Look, Jordi,

00:47:25be careful,

00:47:25You, who are a photographer,

00:47:27because you can't pass

00:47:28from the yellow line

00:47:29that is painted on the floor

00:47:30because it's a low-level crossing

00:47:32and as soon as you arrive

00:47:33to the yellow line

00:47:34from there

00:47:34The snipers can already see you

00:47:35and they shoot you.

00:47:37Says,

00:47:38no no,

00:47:38Don't worry,

00:47:39I don't know what.

00:47:39Well,

00:47:40well that same morning

00:47:40before breakfast

00:47:42Jordi is leaving

00:47:43with a photographer

00:47:43by Franz Press

00:47:44which he wore...

00:47:45the photographer from Franz Press

00:47:46He was wearing a bulletproof vest

00:47:48with lead sheets,

00:47:49irons of...

00:47:51made of ceramic,

00:47:52They are ceramic plates

00:47:53that are of this thickness.

00:47:55A vest weighs you down.

00:47:56about 30 kilos.

00:47:58So they leave,

00:47:59And they don't come back.

00:48:00They're not coming back.

00:48:01They don't come back.

00:48:02They don't come back.

00:48:03and they tell us

00:48:04that to Jordi

00:48:05He killed him

00:48:05a sniper

00:48:06with a shot to the head.

00:48:07And the corpse

00:48:09he was lying down

00:48:10for approximately

00:48:11about 14 hours

00:48:13until there was a ceasefire

00:48:14and it was possible to collect

00:48:15to Jordi.

00:48:17And of course,

00:48:17the situation

00:48:18that was raised

00:48:19was that we had

00:48:20what to play

00:48:21to the Chinese

00:48:21among all Spanish journalists

00:48:23that was there

00:48:23Let's see who's calling

00:48:24to his family

00:48:25to say

00:48:26that Jordi

00:48:26He had just been killed.

00:48:30And when one feels

00:48:31death very near

00:48:32And it happened to you too,

00:48:33Luis,

00:48:33Does that vary?

00:48:34Does one want to flee or not?

00:48:36Well,

00:48:37I would return,

00:48:37I mean,

00:48:38It's not a question

00:48:38step by step,

00:48:39seven years

00:48:39since then

00:48:40He had a baptism

00:48:41fire

00:48:42and it was an accident

00:48:44what could have happened

00:48:45anywhere else.

00:48:45The only difference

00:48:46There was a mine.

00:48:47in a place

00:48:47where we stepped on it

00:48:48with the vehicle,

00:48:49the vehicle overturned

00:48:50and well,

00:48:51Well, what had to happen, happened.

00:48:54The colleague who was coming

00:48:55He died with us,

00:48:56He was a journalist

00:48:57New Zealander,

00:48:58But let's say that

00:48:59part of

00:49:00of the rules

00:49:01from that game,

00:49:01No?

00:49:02That game you decide to play

00:49:03and in which you know

00:49:05excellent,

00:49:06whenever

00:49:06You can get burned.

00:49:07Perhaps that's why too

00:49:08the feelings in war

00:49:09They are much more realistic,

00:49:10Life is so much more than life

00:49:11And it tastes much better.

00:49:13How to decompress

00:49:14all that

00:49:14once you've returned

00:49:15It's not easy at all,

00:49:16especially if you've been

00:49:17facing death

00:49:18It's not easy at all.

00:49:20Alberto,

00:49:20one thing,

00:49:21when one sees death

00:49:22closely involved in these conflicts

00:49:23that you must have felt it

00:49:24many times,

00:49:25I imagine,

00:49:26the danger of actually dying,

00:49:27one really thinks

00:49:27at the destination,

00:49:28that it's not their time,

00:49:29He feels protected,

00:49:31No, look,

00:49:31I'll tell you honestly,

00:49:32I've been much more

00:49:33endangered

00:49:34outside of wars

00:49:35than in wars.

00:49:37I have been in danger,

00:49:39You know I lived

00:49:39many years in Africa

00:49:41and I was a hunter,

00:49:43regulator

00:49:44of elephants

00:49:46And that's where I had it.

00:49:47a confrontation,

00:49:48I had big problems.

00:49:50Then on one occasion

00:49:52working for Spanish Television

00:49:54in the Calápagos

00:49:55I was attacked by a pitchfork

00:49:56and I was saved

00:49:56Thanks to Juan Verdugo

00:49:58in my camerama.

00:49:58Juan Verdugo,

00:49:59one of the historic ones.

00:50:00Wonderful Juan.

00:50:00Was a gallows attacked?

00:50:01Yeah,

00:50:02I was attacked by a gallows,

00:50:03I mean,

00:50:03much clearer,

00:50:05I spent the night

00:50:06on a rock.

00:50:07I was diving,

00:50:08It was sunset,

00:50:09It was on the channel

00:50:11which is between

00:50:12Santa Cruz Island

00:50:13and Valtra

00:50:14because the next day

00:50:14We were going to take the plane

00:50:16to the only clue

00:50:17what's there

00:50:17What is Valtra?

00:50:19and it was five o'clock,

00:50:20at six in the evening,

00:50:22Yeah,

00:50:22because it's time

00:50:22that the sun sets

00:50:23in Ecuador,

00:50:24They turn off the lights at six o'clock

00:50:25as if it were

00:50:26and at six in the morning

00:50:27They're doing it again.

00:50:28the stripes of Ecuador

00:50:29And I was there.

00:50:30with the seals,

00:50:31There were many seals,

00:50:32many things

00:50:33and suddenly

00:50:33I felt like a current

00:50:35looking at them,

00:50:37an electric current

00:50:39and they all disappeared.

00:50:41I was surprised

00:50:42and then John

00:50:43who was on the ship,

00:50:44It was a very small boat

00:50:46from a friend of mine

00:50:47thence,

00:50:48Carl Angermeyer,

00:50:49a 12-meter boat,

00:50:51Juan starts yelling at me

00:50:55me too,

00:50:56one gets used to it

00:50:57before asking,

00:50:59to put your ass in safety,

00:51:01I climbed onto a rock

00:51:03that was there,

00:51:03I climb onto the rock,

00:51:05I'm not doing any more.

00:51:05than to climb the rock

00:51:06and a gallows comes

00:51:08believing that he was coming

00:51:09mixing the seals,

00:51:11but the seals

00:51:12They sensed it

00:51:13immediately

00:51:13and the gallows

00:51:15Let's eat.

00:51:17I'm up like this

00:51:18and the gallows returned

00:51:20and it didn't arrive

00:51:20and he looked at me like that

00:51:21And I tell Juan

00:51:24Come and get me

00:51:25And Juan told me

00:51:28Is the gallows there?

00:51:30Clear,

00:51:31that,

00:51:32the little boat

00:51:32It was a little boat

00:51:33rowing

00:51:35one meter

00:51:35with some delivery notes

00:51:36So,

00:51:37the gallows

00:51:38take the little boat

00:51:40with Juan

00:51:40He eats them

00:51:41and cleans his teeth

00:51:42with the rabbit.

00:51:43In other words, more danger

00:51:44more death near

00:51:45outside of the war

00:51:46than in war.

00:51:46A lot more,

00:51:46a lot more,

00:51:47I have had

00:51:47much more dangerous

00:51:48outside of the war

00:51:49again,

00:51:50Do I remember?

00:51:50We had to kill

00:51:51an elephant

00:51:52in the middle

00:51:53from the sugarcane field,

00:51:55I still have the photo

00:51:55And I have the photo at home.

00:51:56at one and a half meters

00:51:57from a distance,

00:51:58We shot him.

00:52:00here,

00:52:01We have indeed passed that.

00:52:02wars,

00:52:04the chat one

00:52:05It was very hard.

00:52:06Are there any wars that are tougher?

00:52:07than others

00:52:07because of the violence

00:52:08of the people?

00:52:09People can say

00:52:10all wars

00:52:10They are the same.

00:52:11Wars in Africa

00:52:11They are extremely tough.

00:52:12Also the chat

00:52:13I had one thing,

00:52:15to wage war

00:52:16in their forties

00:52:17degrees of temperature

00:52:18average,

00:52:19where you didn't know

00:52:20who was the one

00:52:21nor who the other one was,

00:52:23in the middle of a desert

00:52:25that I was growing up

00:52:27in the desert,

00:52:28But that desert

00:52:28It's very hard,

00:52:30where also

00:52:31We had one of the

00:52:33more situations

00:52:34unpleasant

00:52:35of the world,

00:52:36at a moment

00:52:37certain

00:52:38a mercenary

00:52:39he tells me

00:52:40if you like

00:52:40have

00:52:42the explanation

00:52:44clear,

00:52:44the demonstration

00:52:45clear

00:52:45that France

00:52:46is intervening

00:52:47in this war

00:52:47despite what he denies,

00:52:49at home

00:52:51that there

00:52:51in the center

00:52:52from the cemetery

00:52:53from Fort Lamy

00:52:54There are seven bodies

00:52:56of French soldiers,

00:52:57There is an officer

00:52:58me too,

00:52:59Go find it

00:53:00And we left.

00:53:02Poor Tacho

00:53:02street

00:53:03who was an assistant,

00:53:04Michel Vivin,

00:53:06Jesus Gonzalez Grin

00:53:07which was their first war,

00:53:09It was their first war

00:53:10and came

00:53:11to learn.

00:53:13We arrived

00:53:14to a cemetery,

00:53:15There was a small wall

00:53:16and it looked

00:53:17the little house there

00:53:18and a smell.

00:53:20We started looking

00:53:21around

00:53:21who has the key

00:53:22of this building,

00:53:24there was there

00:53:24some cabins,

00:53:25the loaded

00:53:27from the cemetery,

00:53:28no,

00:53:28what if they catch us

00:53:29They're going to shoot us all.

00:53:30I start to let go

00:53:31Franco Cefa

00:53:32until finally

00:53:33He gives me the key.

00:53:35We turned on the tap,

00:53:36It was a room

00:53:36fully enclosed

00:53:38and on some donkeys

00:53:39There were seven

00:53:42wooden coffins

00:53:43that were open

00:53:44because as I did

00:53:45so hot

00:53:46and they were taking it there

00:53:47four or five days,

00:53:48They had filled them

00:53:49coal

00:53:51so that the coal

00:53:52would inhale the gases.

00:53:54Two of the bodies,

00:53:55two of them,

00:53:55Those had burst

00:53:56and the corpses

00:53:57They were on the ground

00:53:58with a finger like this

00:53:59of a blackish liquid

00:54:01of corpses

00:54:01of a week

00:54:02and the others

00:54:02and with the names there.

00:54:04We had to go in,

00:54:06engrave,

00:54:07put in the lights,

00:54:08engrave

00:54:09and leave

00:54:10to vomit,

00:54:11to breathe

00:54:12and to vomit.

00:54:13Poor Tacho

00:54:14That's all he did.

00:54:15Michel Vivay

00:54:16It records your face,

00:54:17the camera.

00:54:18We were going back again

00:54:19and also on top of all this

00:54:21watching

00:54:21that he didn't come

00:54:22the army

00:54:23to be shot, right?

00:54:25That was horrifying.

00:54:27Total,

00:54:28that I told Jesus,

00:54:30say,

00:54:30look,

00:54:30Jesús González Grimm,

00:54:32a revolution broke out

00:54:34in Guinea-Conacri

00:54:35And then they told us

00:54:36that we leave

00:54:36to Guinea-Conacri

00:54:37And I told Miguel,

00:54:38to Jesus,

00:54:39Take the film,

00:54:40Go to Madrid

00:54:42And this is what matters.

00:54:46I left with Tacho

00:54:46and with Michel

00:54:47to Conacri

00:54:49and when we returned

00:54:51to Madrid

00:54:53we found out

00:54:54that Spanish television

00:54:56I didn't want to get involved

00:54:58in trouble with France

00:55:00and did not broadcast.

00:55:02And it was never broadcast

00:55:02the movie.

00:55:03It was never broadcast

00:55:04the movie.

00:55:05We had taken a gamble

00:55:06life for nothing

00:55:06with a question

00:55:08that at that time

00:55:09when it wasn't broadcast

00:55:11the report

00:55:12They didn't pay you.

00:55:15We had played

00:55:16life

00:55:16and we had spent

00:55:18all our money

00:55:19in doing a report

00:55:20that they didn't pay us.

00:55:22Well,

00:55:22That was then and is now.

00:55:23Eye.

00:55:23Hey?

00:55:24That was then and is now.

00:55:25There has also been talk

00:55:26of precarity

00:55:27of war reporters

00:55:28in some media

00:55:28and it has been discussed

00:55:29of the unprotected

00:55:31that are.

00:55:31You were saying, Eric,

00:55:32that the wars in Africa

00:55:33They are the most terrible.

00:55:34I believe that wars

00:55:35in Africa

00:55:36They have been the most terrible thing,

00:55:38I think the wildest thing,

00:55:39the most terrible thing

00:55:40because they don't have

00:55:41the same meaning

00:55:42for human life,

00:55:45even though it sounds

00:55:45a little xenophobic,

00:55:46But that's just how it is.

00:55:47The people who have covered,

00:55:49I can tell you,

00:55:49the people who have covered

00:55:50conflicts.

00:55:51I was in the war

00:55:52in '93

00:55:53with the operation

00:55:54to restore hope

00:55:55when the Americans

00:55:55They landed in Somalia

00:55:56who received them

00:55:58with little flags

00:55:58And that was the end of the Americans.

00:56:00the marines

00:56:01running at full speed

00:56:02by the pier

00:56:02from Mogadishu.

00:56:03The bodies were dragged away

00:56:04of the rope.

00:56:05Yes, yes.

00:56:05I arrived in Mogadishu

00:56:08and I arrived a week later

00:56:09that they had fallen

00:56:09the famous Blackhawk,

00:56:10that they had shot down

00:56:11the Blackhawks.

00:56:12That is to say,

00:56:13I think it's the wildest thing.

00:56:15I always have the image,

00:56:18I remember being at a lake

00:56:19that was in the south

00:56:20from Rwanda,

00:56:22that I don't see well

00:56:24of this eye.

00:56:24So I arrive like this,

00:56:26That's how I start to look,

00:56:27because I saw little bumps

00:56:28on the lake,

00:56:29in a large lake that was there.

00:56:30And I say,

00:56:31There are crocodiles, aren't there?

00:56:32And they tell me,

00:56:32What's going on with crocodiles?

00:56:33That's where they throw things.

00:56:34to the corpses

00:56:35as they execute them

00:56:35the orchards

00:56:36And there were millions and millions

00:56:37of corpses

00:56:38inside the lake.

00:56:39What's happening?

00:56:39There were so many.

00:56:40of corpses

00:56:41that were already floating

00:56:43and from afar,

00:56:44You know?

00:56:44They looked like crocodiles

00:56:45like when they lift

00:56:47their faces and let them see

00:56:48a little bit of the eyes.

00:56:49That is to say,

00:56:49I believe that things

00:56:50I've seen wilder ones.

00:56:51first in Yugoslavia,

00:56:52I've seen them too.

00:56:53in Yugoslavia

00:56:53And I've seen them in Africa.

00:56:57Covering the war of...

00:56:59We were

00:57:00with the UN,

00:57:00with the television unit

00:57:01of the UN,

00:57:02then we

00:57:02We had entered through Burundi,

00:57:04which is the border,

00:57:04We had entered through Burundi

00:57:05to enter Rwanda, right?

00:57:07And then we were in front

00:57:09of the advance

00:57:10of the militias

00:57:11that they were murderers,

00:57:13who are the Interhanwe,

00:57:14which were the militias

00:57:14Uthus,

00:57:15the extremist Uthus militias.

00:57:16Those who kill together.

00:57:17Those who kill together,

00:57:18in the translation

00:57:18from Interhanwe.

00:57:20And, of course,

00:57:21You were arriving

00:57:22to many villages

00:57:22before them.

00:57:23What is the impression like?

00:57:24to see villages

00:57:24that have been

00:57:25completely devastated?

00:57:26Well, truly

00:57:27awesome

00:57:28because you smell corpses.

00:57:30The corpse,

00:57:30The corpse has a smell,

00:57:33They can tell you.

00:57:34the corpse has a smell

00:57:35very special,

00:57:35It has a sweetish smell,

00:57:36which is when it's already there

00:57:38in rot.

00:57:39And, of course,

00:57:40The problem is that

00:57:41at first,

00:57:43You see, for example,

00:57:44those who are like newbies

00:57:45that contain menthol,

00:57:46menthol paste

00:57:46to put it here

00:57:47under the nose

00:57:48to be able to smell the menthol.

00:57:49The thing is,

00:57:50in the end,

00:57:50You've already got it

00:57:51the smell in the olfactory epithelium

00:57:52And then what happens to you

00:57:53Do you take a shower?

00:57:54and you take a bath

00:57:55to try to rub your skin

00:57:56because you think

00:57:57that you have it in your skin

00:57:58And where do you have it?

00:57:58it's in the pituitary gland

00:57:59The smell has died.

00:58:00What I was telling you

00:58:01on the subject of heroes

00:58:02It's that you were arriving

00:58:03to many villages

00:58:03where there were churches

00:58:06run by Spanish nuns

00:58:08And, of course,

00:58:09to the Spanish nuns,

00:58:10Navarrese nuns,

00:58:11Galician nuns,

00:58:12Andalusian nuns

00:58:13And you would tell them,

00:58:14sister,

00:58:14because they're coming behind.

00:58:15the Hutus

00:58:16And you have in your church

00:58:17all,

00:58:18Tutsis,

00:58:18Tutsi children

00:58:19that you are protecting,

00:58:20They're going to kill them.

00:58:21to everyone.

00:58:21And the nuns,

00:58:23many nuns,

00:58:23they said,

00:58:24But my son,

00:58:25How can I give up?

00:58:25Here are my children?

00:58:26And they stayed there,

00:58:28Many were executed,

00:58:29Many were killed.

00:58:33And one question

00:58:34that everyone

00:58:35has made me

00:58:35when I knew

00:58:37some people

00:58:37What were we going to do?

00:58:38this report

00:58:39That is, why is it being discussed?

00:58:39of some wars

00:58:40and others

00:58:42Is there hardly any talking?

00:58:42Why some wars

00:58:43Are they more interested than others?

00:58:44I believe it's due to self-interest.

00:58:45by their own means

00:58:47communication,

00:58:48that is to say,

00:58:49There are the famous ones

00:58:50forgotten wars

00:58:51which are,

00:58:51There are so many,

00:58:52For example,

00:58:53Sudan,

00:58:54Sudan,

00:58:55Somalia,

00:58:56For example,

00:58:56Let me tell you about the case.

00:58:57from Somalia

00:58:57in which I was,

00:58:59Somalia was a

00:59:00of forgotten wars,

00:59:01Nobody cared

00:59:01absolutely nothing

00:59:02because Somalia

00:59:03It has nothing,

00:59:04Somalia has no oil,

00:59:05Somalia has no coltan,

00:59:07Somalia has no diamonds,

00:59:08then nobody cares.

00:59:09When do you participate?

00:59:10in Somalia, really?

00:59:12When the opinion

00:59:13American public

00:59:14he tells Bush

00:59:16first,

00:59:17because the operation

00:59:18from Somalia

00:59:18It was an inheritance

00:59:19from Bush to Clinton

00:59:20and then when Clinton

00:59:21decides to send

00:59:22to the 82nd Division

00:59:23Airborne

00:59:24to Somalia

00:59:24to try to pacify

00:59:26of the gentlemen

00:59:26of the war.

00:59:27That is to say,

00:59:28That's when

00:59:28The Americans are coming in,

00:59:30when the mainstream media

00:59:31communication,

00:59:32I'm telling you,

00:59:32I worked

00:59:33for the owners

00:59:34of this chain,

00:59:35when they decide,

00:59:36hey,

00:59:38go to Somalia

00:59:40Let's see what happens

00:59:41in Somalia.

00:59:41And everyone

00:59:42finds out

00:59:43about what's happening there.

00:59:43Yeah,

00:59:44then everyone

00:59:44says,

00:59:45go ahead,

00:59:45What's happening in Somalia?

00:59:46But what about Somalia?

00:59:47They lead to the best

00:59:47five years of war,

00:59:48Why now?

00:59:49Are they so interested in Somalia?

00:59:50Well,

00:59:50an example Alberto

00:59:50from Coltan,

00:59:51No?

00:59:51We've talked about your book,

00:59:52We've spoken here

00:59:52from Coltan

00:59:53and suddenly,

00:59:54days later,

00:59:55rises again

00:59:56a war

00:59:57in which now

00:59:57suddenly

00:59:58everyone

00:59:58has put the focus on,

00:59:59No?

00:59:59Well,

00:59:59if you look at the last one

01:00:00chapter of the book,

01:00:01I'm already saying it clearly

01:00:03which is likely...

01:00:05You do a little

01:00:05prophet there,

01:00:06by Nostradamus,

01:00:06a little while ago.

01:00:07And I wrote that down.

01:00:08It happened at the beginning of the year,

01:00:10that floods,

01:00:12immediately it is rea.

01:00:13That's a war

01:00:14that nobody wants

01:00:16that it ends.

01:00:17That's the big one

01:00:19problem

01:00:20of the war

01:00:20from the Congo.

01:00:22Nobody wants to

01:00:22that it ends

01:00:23for a simple reason.

01:00:25If war

01:00:26it would end

01:00:26and said,

01:00:27Well,

01:00:28Peace here and in heaven

01:00:29glory

01:00:29and everything comes

01:00:30At your service,

01:00:32it is clear

01:00:34that territory

01:00:35It belongs to the Congo.

01:00:37Clear.

01:00:37Which results

01:00:38that 80%

01:00:39of our future,

01:00:41of the world

01:00:41that surrounds us,

01:00:4480% of Coltan

01:00:45It's in the Congo.

01:00:47It means

01:00:47that the leaders

01:00:49from the Congo

01:00:50They would be the ones to decide

01:00:52the future

01:00:53of humanity.

01:00:55Who do I sell to?

01:00:55Coltan?

01:00:56Who wouldn't?

01:00:56What price should I set?

01:00:57Who am I not including?

01:00:58And Mobutu

01:01:00He is famous

01:01:01because it was taken

01:01:023 billion

01:01:03of euros.

01:01:05Congo

01:01:06It is the country

01:01:06richest in the world.

01:01:07Could be

01:01:08the richest in the world.

01:01:09It has diamonds,

01:01:10It contains coltan,

01:01:11It contains bauxite,

01:01:12It contains some oil,

01:01:14It has gold,

01:01:15It has the forests

01:01:16best in the world

01:01:17for fine woods

01:01:20and has

01:01:21the greatest possibility

01:01:22of hydroelectric power

01:01:24of the world

01:01:25via the Congo River,

01:01:26through the waterfalls

01:01:28and for everything it has.

01:01:29It could provide electricity

01:01:30throughout Africa.

01:01:30It's a country

01:01:32four times greater

01:01:34that Spain

01:01:34and only has

01:01:3560 million inhabitants

01:01:37where we

01:01:38We have 40.

01:01:39They have

01:01:3919 inhabitants

01:01:41per square kilometer

01:01:42and a pittance

01:01:44dreadful.

01:01:46If it were divided

01:01:47together

01:01:48the Congolese

01:01:49all the wealth

01:01:51from the Congo,

01:01:53everyone could leave

01:01:54to live on the French Riviera

01:01:55and live off the investments.

01:01:57It would be the rent

01:01:57higher per capita

01:01:58than Cuba.

01:01:59And yet,

01:02:01a war over accounts.

01:02:02Because?

01:02:03Because as long as there is a war there,

01:02:05Some steal the coltan

01:02:06here,

01:02:07others over there,

01:02:07Others take him to Rwanda,

01:02:09Others take him to Buluti,

01:02:10Others take it to Andrés

01:02:11And then they're going to take it out.

01:02:12And then let me tell you, Alberto,

01:02:14that did seem to me

01:02:15always very curious

01:02:16because really

01:02:16the richest area

01:02:18from the Congo

01:02:19It's the north,

01:02:19Kibu,

01:02:20the entire North Kibu area

01:02:21It is the richest area

01:02:22where the whole area is

01:02:23of coltan.

01:02:24And it's also curious

01:02:26because when it unfolds

01:02:27the first mission

01:02:27of the United Nations

01:02:28of blue helmets,

01:02:29now when

01:02:30Mobutu falls

01:02:31and Kabila allows

01:02:32the entry of troops

01:02:34of the UN,

01:02:35are deployed,

01:02:36curiously,

01:02:36they do not deploy

01:02:37in Kinshasa,

01:02:38are deployed

01:02:39in the Kibu region.

01:02:40So,

01:02:41clear,

01:02:41Now, when you say,

01:02:42Well,

01:02:43But what are they deployed for?

01:02:44in Kibu?

01:02:44It's because,

01:02:45because they are going to protect them

01:02:46mostly

01:02:47the Kibu deposits,

01:02:48of coltan.

01:02:50Unfortunately,

01:02:50we would have to talk

01:02:51much more than children

01:02:52with weapons,

01:02:53children of war,

01:02:55thousands of stories

01:02:56occur there

01:02:57that some tell us,

01:02:58They don't tell us about others.

01:02:59I wanted to bring here

01:02:59to these three good friends

01:03:01And yes, I would ask them.

01:03:02that almost made headlines,

01:03:03like a headline,

01:03:04Tell me why you chose

01:03:05This photo that they've brought here,

01:03:07that you are seeing.

01:03:07There are three photos,

01:03:08three photos from her personal album.

01:03:11Yes indeed,

01:03:11briefly.

01:03:12Why this photo

01:03:13when we asked you

01:03:14a photo

01:03:15that illustrates the newspaper

01:03:16of your life

01:03:17of war reporters?

01:03:18Well,

01:03:19They say that the horror of war

01:03:20It is often found,

01:03:21Arturo Pérez Reverte said,

01:03:22in the eyes of a dog

01:03:23and not in a dead person,

01:03:24because in the end

01:03:24all dead are equal.

01:03:25I've seen more dead people.

01:03:26in Spain

01:03:27than in war,

01:03:28In the end, it's a reality.

01:03:29And it's curious,

01:03:30But this photo

01:03:31It represents, let's say,

01:03:32hope.

01:03:33It's a very similar photo.

01:03:33to another that would

01:03:34Steve McCurry,

01:03:35that he knew him there

01:03:36for National Geographic

01:03:37in the 80s and something

01:03:38and that it was a great photo.

01:03:40But the photo

01:03:41from that time,

01:03:42Let's just say it was fair.

01:03:43with the Soviet invasion

01:03:44from this country of Afghanistan,

01:03:45It depicted a face of horror.

01:03:47However,

01:03:47This would represent

01:03:48a very different archetype

01:03:49of a hope

01:03:50of a youth

01:03:51nothing less than embody

01:03:52the name of Arezzo,

01:03:53an 8-year-old girl

01:03:54who has 14

01:03:55and let's say that someday

01:03:56We'll see.

01:03:57if we return via Kabul

01:03:58and we meet again

01:03:59I've made her a young woman

01:04:00probably married

01:04:01And with children, right?

01:04:02Hopefully.

01:04:03Eric,

01:04:04Well, look,

01:04:05I have chosen this photo.

01:04:06This photo was taken

01:04:09in Rwanda,

01:04:10during the Rwandan war.

01:04:11The person who appears

01:04:13has looked,

01:04:14George Hawangi,

01:04:15He was my guide,

01:04:17He was the man

01:04:18with which we spent

01:04:20the entire war.

01:04:20First in Burundi,

01:04:21He was Utu,

01:04:23I have to say it,

01:04:24with which we spent

01:04:25the entire Burundian war,

01:04:28when the conflict began

01:04:30already in Rwanda.

01:04:31And he was the one who saved my life

01:04:33because I told you the story

01:04:35we stopped at a military checkpoint

01:04:38of the Utu,

01:04:40My camera went down

01:04:41for filming

01:04:41as they were trying

01:04:43to hack a woman with a machete

01:04:45and they came at us.

01:04:47and they kept us for 45 minutes

01:04:48with the hands

01:04:49in the head

01:04:50on their knees.

01:04:51And I always remember

01:04:52to George

01:04:53speaking in the Utu dialect,

01:04:57talking,

01:04:57because he knew how to speak Utu,

01:04:58the dialect they spoke,

01:05:00trying to convince

01:05:01to the militiaman

01:05:01that we

01:05:02We were white

01:05:03and to which we belonged

01:05:04to the UN

01:05:05and that they wouldn't kill us.

01:05:06And curiously,

01:05:08talking with Gervasio,

01:05:10Gervasio Sánchez,

01:05:11who knew him,

01:05:12He told me they killed him.

01:05:14Well, I think two years later

01:05:15or three years later.

01:05:16That's why I chose this photo.

01:05:18A tribute, isn't it?

01:05:18A tribute.

01:05:20Alberto.

01:05:22Man,

01:05:22when you told me

01:05:23who brought a photo

01:05:25that it was for me

01:05:26very representative

01:05:26of my life,

01:05:27I didn't understand

01:05:28of any war,

01:05:30but of my life,

01:05:31I chose this photo

01:05:33which I think is

01:05:35my favorite in life.

01:05:37The time that I was

01:05:38so wild

01:05:39that my aunt

01:05:40He had to take me

01:05:41of the halter.

01:05:42It's a lie.

01:05:43The one with the halter

01:05:44was my camel

01:05:46Rorap,

01:05:46which was a wonderful camel

01:05:48And this was

01:05:49in the Sahara Desert

01:05:50where I grew up

01:05:51with my aunt

01:05:53the one who raised me there.

01:05:55I went there

01:05:56my childhood

01:05:57and my youth,

01:05:58Do you see what I look like?

01:06:00And it was for me

01:06:01a time

01:06:02Absolutely unforgettable

01:06:05and the one I think

01:06:06It was the time

01:06:07that opened me

01:06:09then the world,

01:06:10the fact of living

01:06:10with the Tuárez family,

01:06:11with the Sahrawi,

01:06:12the one who grew up with them.

01:06:13I actually spent 20 years

01:06:15or 21 years

01:06:16of my life in Africa,

01:06:17but the photo

01:06:18It's for me

01:06:20perhaps the meaning

01:06:21of what was

01:06:23all my life

01:06:24later.

01:06:24The fact

01:06:25from having grown up there

01:06:26and of having lived

01:06:27in that.

01:06:28There, between the wind

01:06:29and sand.

01:06:30I swear it's me.

01:06:32Three photos,

01:06:33three stories,

01:06:34three reporters

01:06:35that they have done

01:06:35obviously

01:06:36many more things

01:06:37but that

01:06:38they told us

01:06:39in brushstrokes

01:06:41some very hard

01:06:42if we think about them

01:06:43in pictures

01:06:44what that job is

01:06:45that is never forgotten

01:06:46and as we have seen

01:06:47besides

01:06:48in different ways

01:06:49They always carry them within.

01:06:5034 journalists

01:06:52in this year 2008

01:06:53which is now ending

01:06:54that have lost

01:06:55life

01:06:57in conflict.

01:06:58Serve

01:06:59This meeting of friends

01:07:00even relaxed

01:07:01with cases

01:07:02very exciting

01:07:03very dramatic

01:07:04as a sincere tribute.

01:07:06Thanks to the three of you

01:07:07really.

01:07:07Thanks a lot.

01:07:08Alberto Erick Luis.

01:07:09Thank you.

Cuarto Milenio - 4x13 - La peste negra - Parte 1 - HD 720

Categoría

Transcripción

Recomendada