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00:00How are you, my dear brothers and sisters? It's a pleasure to greet you in this new class where we're going to see a little bit
00:11about the tool of hermeneutics, which will surely be of great use to everyone.
00:17We. As we have already seen, the gospels are sacred books and are also canonical, and on the other hand
00:26On the one hand, they are human writings that are also ancient, therefore they are susceptible to investigation
00:34Literary and scientific. The idea and word number 12, which is a document of the Second Vatican Council
00:42Regarding the writing, it says that the interpreter should investigate the meaning it intended to express and
00:50The agiographer expressed himself in each circumstance according to the condition of his time and culture.
00:56According to the literary genres used in their time. And well, this task falls under the purview of hermeneutics.
01:04and of exegesis, which is precisely what allows us to delve deeply into the sacred texts.
01:13Let's begin, then, by talking a little bit about hermeneutics. The word hermeneutics comes
01:19From the Greek word hermeneutics, which means to understand. This word generally applies
01:31to the explanation of written documents. For this reason, to define hermeneutics we can say
01:40Specifically in this sense, for us who are working on our course, we can
01:47to define as the science of interpreting the language of authors and particularly of the
01:54Biblical authors. Biblical hermeneutics, or sacred hermeneutics, is the science of
02:02interpretation of the Old and New Testaments, and that's what we'll be discussing during
02:09This course and this section. Hermeneutics tends to establish the principles, methods, and rules
02:21which are necessary to reveal the meaning of what is written. Their aim is to help make it possible
02:30tools that can illuminate sacred texts in such a way that through an intelligent process the
02:40The reader can grasp the author's exact idea. We say exact, however, we will realize
02:50that we are touching on the mystery of God, so even though the author tries to propose the mystery to us
02:58of God. As we read, we will realize that there is great depth in the texts, and the more we read, the more we will discover.
03:06With the tools and texts we have, we will find a much deeper meaning in the passage we are reading.
03:14seeking to interpret. That's why hermeneutics is important because it will give us those tools.
03:22And that way of being able to interpret correctly. To better understand what hermeneutics is.
03:28We could say that it would be the tool that would help answer the eunuch's questions,
03:37Do you remember the Ethiopian man who was walking towards Jerusalem and met
03:43Philip on the road? We find it in Acts 8, 26, 39. If you'd like to go to your Bible, we can...
03:50Philip ran up to him and heard him reading the prophet Isaiah and said to him,
03:59Do you understand what you're reading? He replied, "How can I understand it if no one explains it to me?" And he begged her
04:07He told Philip to come up and sit with him. The passage of Scripture he had been reading was this:
04:14He was led like a sheep to the slaughter, and as a silent lamb before its shearer is, so
04:24He doesn't open his mouth. In his humiliation, justice was denied him. Who can tell his story?
04:31offspring? Because his life was taken from the earth. The eunuch asked Philip,
04:38Please tell me of whom the prophet is speaking, of himself or of another? Philip then departed
04:47From this passage of Scripture, he began to tell her the good news of Jesus. Following the road, they arrived
04:55to a place where there was water, and the eunuch said, "Here is water, what prevents me from being baptized?"
05:03He ordered the chariot to stop. Both Philip and the eunuch went down into the water, and Philip baptized him. And coming out of the
05:12The water, the Spirit of the Lord snatched Philip away, and the eunuch did not see him again. And he went on rejoicing.
05:19way. If you look closely, in this passage we just read, we are told that a eunuch was returning from
05:28Jerusalem. And well, I was reading a manuscript of Isaiah, but I didn't understand what it said. Not because
05:36It wasn't in Hebrew, but because it was an obscure text for him, being an Ethiopian. We can say that it
05:44What Philip did in the following moments was an exegesis of the text, helping the Ethiopian to understand
05:54the profound meaning of the writing and then apply it. This understanding of the eunuch touched him and he felt
06:04He was taken aback by the words he was hearing from Philip. Actually, they were meant for him, so he asked him
06:11Philip to baptize him. Notice this well, starting from the Old Testament, Philip
06:18Take the eunuch to understand the mystery of Jesus Christ. Apply it there. This is what we are referring to.
06:26as exegesis. And for that reason, we needed a hermeneutical tool. In this particular case,
06:34The one who served as a hermeneutical tool was precisely Philip. He knew the text well.
06:41Yes? And since I was already steeped in it. That's why Dei Verbum, which is this document of the
06:52The Second Vatican Council, in number 11, tells us,
06:56Biblical hermeneutics is therefore not merely a historical science, but a distinctly theological one. For this reason,
07:09When faced with the Bible, the interpreter must position himself as a participant in a dialogue, whose role is not to judge the text.
07:17in a purely human way. On one side is God, who speaks to him in the sacred text, but he must
07:26Furthermore, consider that it is not an archaeological document, but a living document, planted in
07:35the unbroken tradition of the church. In other words, we're not reading the book of Tom Sawyer.
07:41We are talking about the word of God, a text that continually comes to life in each of us.
07:51We have a first interpreter who, seeing how things were developing, that is, the one who is going to be
07:59The witness records what he sees, interprets it, and writes it down. Now I have to decode it, speaking now.
08:09on our terms, and now I am the interpreter, but not of the deeds, but of the words that
08:18They must now become current events. We have, for example, the event where Jesus converts
08:27Water turned into wine. Saint John narrates it in chapter 2 and gives us this text, that is, he writes it down.
08:34He saw these scenes, he was there, and then he interprets them in the light of the Spirit and writes them down.
08:43Now we have the text from Saint John. Now we, in this time, read this passage from the
08:51The wedding at Cana, but what did it really mean? What does it mean for us?
08:57What did the author see? How can I now reconstruct that in my own life, in my own environment,
09:05What did the apostle see and write? He saw more than he wrote, for what he saw was not only a
09:13It's not just a historical fact, but something more. And this "more" is what we need to see, because we
09:22We see those words, but we have to see what he saw. Now, moreover, what he saw is written,
09:31It's reflected in the text, but much later, and that's why we need the tools
09:38necessary. We need to see what Saint John thought, the impact he had, what Jesus was doing
09:46He had it in him. And what does he interpret? What does he understand? What does he put into the text? In such a way that
09:56His readers, that is, us, whom he teaches, can understand it. And I offer you an example of my
10:04my own life. When I see the event today, and then many years have passed since I lived it, this experience,
10:13When I write to him, or am writing to him now, I include the event, but along with the event of my life, everything is there.
10:21What I experienced thanks to that event. And I'm trying to propose it to you as an idea that could be applicable.
10:31to your own life in the time in which you live what I lived according to my circumstances.
10:36So the event is the factual aspect, it's what happened, but I add elements that weren't there, but that
10:47They explain now. And so, as time goes by, God reveals to us what is in that event. And for example,
10:55If I were to explain my vocation to you, theologically I can say and write in my diary, God called me from the womb.
11:04from my mother. Well, I can see that now, in retrospect. But how did I get into the seminary? Well, a series of things happened
11:12of events that I can explain, but in all of them, now, now, I can see the hand of God
11:19that were diverting me from my life, that I thought I should have been an engineer and that I had to get married
11:25and have children and so on, and so on, and dedicate myself to evangelization as a layperson. And the Lord kept putting
11:31Various elements have redirected my life to where I am now. And now, as I write to you,
11:38I can truly say that God called me from my mother's womb. We would need a tool.
11:46Whoever wrote that would have to review my story. They'd have to see what happened, how it happened,
11:51In what language do I speak it, under what circumstances, because I can use a language that we use today.
11:59But was that how it was? Was that how God spoke to me? Is that what will apply to your life?
12:09Probably, until you analyze it properly, you'll say, "Oh, the same thing happened to me, so now, well, I don't know."
12:17These are the tools we have to interpret an entire event that has
12:22Much more profound than whether Father Ernesto is a priest. Oh, well, that's good, that's the fact.
12:28But there's so much more to it than that, right?
12:33Speaking now, in modern terms, of the technology that surrounds us,
12:38John sees and processes, through the Spirit, within his culture, what he wanted to tell his readers.
12:46It codifies it and puts it in the text. Years pass and throughout the entire history of the church,
12:56Each of us has to decode it and completely rebuild it.
13:04But now we're going to add our circumstances, our life, our language, and so on.
13:09That will help us decode, now in our own lives and in our own culture.
13:15In other words, the interpreter is obliged to listen carefully and humbly to God.
13:24in order to understand, in order to decode it.
13:30Let us remember that the word of God is a mystery, and therefore inexhaustible.
13:36In other words, it's like the sea; from the shore, on the beach, we can see the bottom, right?
13:43But as we go inwards, it gets deeper and deeper.
13:48And I can no longer see what's at the bottom; it's becoming mysterious.
13:53That's why the sea attracts our attention so much, because it is something mysterious.
13:59That understanding is an act of faith that demands obedience from the interpreter.
14:05I can't interpret it however I want, because it's something that John saw, encoded,
14:15that we now have to decode when we interpret it,
14:19We have to do something that is a mystery,
14:24But we have to understand it and do it in the same way he wrote it.
14:29Certainly, as you can see right now, or let me show you a little bit of this,
14:35It is a complex decoding process that allows the text to become visible.
14:42to become life, we cannot appropriate it to our own life.
14:45This attitude of dependence on God, this attitude of faith,
14:56It is a hermeneutical attitude that is linked to the intellectual effort of reason,
15:02that is informed by faith.
15:05We have to think, that's why we study, that's why biblical scholars study so much.
15:10Why? Because you need to have tools, use your intelligence, and have a well-formed faith.
15:18That is what leads to following the path of interpreting Sacred Scripture.
15:23According to the Spirit, according to the Spirit, who dictated it, who wrote it.
15:27Look, in fact, at number 12 of Dei Verbum, from the encyclical Dei Verbum, which we have been quoting,
15:36He tells us,
15:38Sacred Scripture must be read and interpreted with the same Spirit with which it was written.
15:47And this is very important. Why?
15:50Because it was written by the Spirit, and in the Spirit we must interpret it.
15:58What was happening in the heart of San Juan?
16:04What was it that he saw?
16:06And this he then puts into words, informed by the Spirit.
16:12And with this same Spirit, we now have to decode it.
16:16If we continue reading this number 12 of Dei Verbum, it says,
16:21To extract the exact meaning from sacred texts,
16:28The content and unity of all Sacred Scripture must be understood no less diligently,
16:38taking into account the living tradition of the whole Church,
16:42And we had already talked a little bit about this,
16:45and the analogy of faith.
16:47That is to say,
16:49It is the duty of exegetes
16:51working according to
16:53These rules.
16:54We had already talked about the principle of unity
16:57that must remain throughout
16:59Holy Scripture.
17:01We must always follow these rules
17:03when we go into Scripture.
17:06Dependence on faith.
17:08Working with the same spirit
17:10who wrote it
17:10in order to do a good decoding.
17:15Second,
17:16we must maintain
17:16a common thread,
17:19the analogy of faith.
17:21And at the same time,
17:22see that there is a thread
17:23that is being pulled
17:24from all of Sacred Scripture,
17:27and that this must always be
17:28in accordance
17:30with the Magisterium.
17:32as he continues to say
17:34the Dei Verbum.
17:36Let's see what it says
17:36Dei Verbum 12,
17:38which, by the way,
17:38It is a document
17:40vital
17:40if you're going to go in
17:41in Sacred Scripture.
17:42You have to have
17:43your Vatican council
17:44And you have to have
17:45Pay close attention
17:46in Dei Verbum.
17:47Says,
17:47because everything
17:49which refers
17:50to the interpretation
17:52of Sacred Scripture
17:53is subject
17:55ultimately
17:56to the Church,
17:57which is the one she interprets,
17:59is the depository
18:00of the mystery.
18:01She has
18:02the mandate
18:03and the divine ministry
18:05to preserve
18:06and interpret
18:07the word of God.
18:08That is to say,
18:11we cannot make our own
18:13an interpretation
18:15aside
18:16of the Sacred,
18:17aside
18:18of the Church.
18:19We need to be
18:19always in accordance
18:21with the Church
18:21so that it truly
18:23let's be under
18:24himself
18:24frame
18:26reference.
18:28There is an author
18:29very important
18:30within this topic
18:31what is
18:32Heinrich Scheler
18:33and he synthesizes
18:35these words
18:36in the following way.
18:37Very simple,
18:38but very interesting
18:40and very deep,
18:41says.
18:42Who,
18:43equipped
18:44with all the techniques
18:46of knowledge
18:46philological
18:48and historical,
18:50is approaching
18:50to interpret
18:52Holy Scripture
18:53and doesn't worry
18:55to add
18:56the experience
18:57fundamental
18:57which she told us about
18:59himself
19:00New Testament,
19:02that is to say,
19:03faith,
19:04that guy
19:05it will never come
19:06to get to know
19:07reality
19:07which tells us
19:09in his message
19:10the New Testament.
19:11That is to say,
19:12if we don't do
19:13the interpretation
19:14OK
19:15to what
19:16the Church
19:18through
19:18of the centuries
19:19has interpreted,
19:20hardly
19:21we will be able to
19:22somewhere.
19:24Must
19:25approach
19:25to the Bible
19:26with all the tools
19:28within our reach,
19:29but together
19:30with that
19:30must prevail
19:32faith
19:33and the unit
19:34of the message
19:35given by God
19:36and always
19:37in accordance
19:38with the teaching profession
19:39of the Church.
19:41Siblings,
19:42It's simply about letting go
19:43that same
19:43Spirit that inspired
19:44now make us
19:46understand
19:46in depth
19:47which
19:48Himself
19:49He wanted to tell us,
19:50that is to say,
19:50the Spirit.
19:51if anything
19:53that I read
19:53still helped
19:55by all
19:56the tools
19:57that I may have
19:57within my reach,
19:58Bible and all,
20:00he would step aside
20:01of what
20:01the Church
20:02has interpreted
20:02and believed
20:04along
20:05of history,
20:07that I am
20:07interpreting
20:08It's a mistake.
20:10This is the beginning
20:11of the unit
20:11of the Church,
20:12of the teaching profession.
20:15God cannot be
20:16to be wrong,
20:17God cannot
20:17First, let me say,
20:18Well,
20:19make pictures,
20:20Well,
20:20Don't do them at all,
20:21Well,
20:21Don't do them,
20:21But they should always do them.
20:22No,
20:23or we go one way
20:24Or we'll go somewhere else.
20:27The Church
20:28is the depository
20:30from the message,
20:31therefore,
20:32is the only one
20:33What can you tell me?
20:34yes I'm fine
20:35Or am I wrong?
20:37in the app
20:38What am I doing?
20:39of the sacred text.
20:41Nothing but her.
20:44For this reason,
20:46the exegete
20:48it must be
20:49at your service
20:49of the word,
20:51and not do
20:51that the word
20:52put
20:53at your service,
20:54well no,
20:55or to their own
20:56interests,
20:57to their own
20:58perspectives,
20:59Yeah?
21:00Yeah.
21:01I want
21:01that the Bible
21:02tell me
21:03such a thing
21:03And I'm going to look for
21:04the passage
21:05wherever I find it,
21:06where
21:07I think
21:08that this justifies
21:10an action
21:10that I am doing
21:11or what I'm looking for
21:13do.
21:13this,
21:14siblings,
21:15That's a mistake.
21:18Yeah?
21:19I have to ask him
21:20bye
21:20what is it
21:21in the text,
21:23what the text
21:24He means to tell me,
21:27extract from message
21:28from God to me
21:29and not go looking
21:31in the text
21:31something that suits me
21:33or something that justifies it.
21:35sometimes
21:36issues that go
21:38completely opposite,
21:40Let's not even talk about it
21:40to faith,
21:42but even
21:42to morality.
21:44It's not missing
21:45in this movement
21:46so widespread
21:47of homosexuality
21:48people who are
21:49Catholic
21:50I am looking
21:51in the sacred texts
21:52any reference
21:54about love
21:55of the Lord
21:55that justifies them,
21:57Yeah?
21:57To justify
21:58something that is wrong.
22:01This situation
22:02because it is not accepted
22:04For God's sake,
22:06and of course
22:08which is clearly
22:09rejected
22:09through the texts
22:10of the New Testament,
22:12in such a way
22:12that we cannot
22:13do us
22:14our own exegesis
22:15and search
22:15how it fits
22:16my life
22:17and how to use
22:18the Scripture
22:19to justify
22:19my mistakes,
22:21sometimes
22:22even my sins.
22:25That's why
22:25for us
22:26the theologians
22:27It's dangerous.
22:29because we would find
22:30many ways
22:31to evade the Lord
22:32as they did
22:33the Pharisees.
22:34that's why
22:35It is important
22:35that we
22:36Let's not look
22:37justify
22:38our life
22:38with words,
22:40but the word,
22:41the word
22:42in capital letters,
22:43whoever is in charge,
22:45the one who forces
22:46our life
22:47to be carried out
22:48according
22:48at will
22:49of God.
22:50And well,
22:51in this sense,
22:52the work
22:52of the interpreter
22:53then it consists
22:55in doing
22:55the questions
22:56appropriate
22:57to the text,
22:58having faith
22:59in whom
23:00wrote
23:01and the tools
23:02that help him
23:03to open the door
23:04of the mystery
23:05that he is looking for
23:06interpret.
23:08Well,
23:08we leave it here
23:09our first part
23:11and we continue
23:12in a few moments.
23:14Music
23:15Thanks for watching the video.