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00:00How are you, my dear brothers and sisters? Well, here I am again with you to continue with this class.
00:12basic section where we put some of the most important elements for reading that will prevent
00:18First, we need to take what's being said out of context. In other words, we need to have these
00:24basic principles to be able to begin a formal study of Sacred Scripture, especially
00:29of the New Testament, because in it we will find the message of Jesus and the way in
00:36that it must be experienced. Therefore, it must be understood correctly, then have the
00:40The text, the context, the church as a guide, and above all, the principle of unity. Unity that
00:52not only must it be maintained throughout the New Testament, but it must also be
00:57in unity with the Old Testament. So let's now go into a little more understanding
01:09How it was formed, how the books of the New Testament were formed. This, just like the Old Testament
01:20Testament writing is a very long process, isn't it? The writing of the New Testament was a process
01:25which spans several centuries of reflection, not as many as the New Testament, since in its time
01:34The Jewish community lived off oral tradition. This was the natural way in which it was passed down.
01:42The teaching from one generation to the next. There was no writing, so everything was basically by voice.
01:50tradition. Certainly, by the time of Jesus, the Old Testament already existed; it had already been written.
01:58Part of it was tradition, and part of it was already written. And we have other books from the Jews in which it is...
02:03Their tradition too. But Jesus was preaching, I mean, he, the people, well, no, no, as also happened in the
02:15Old Testament. The books were written later. That is, tradition came first, then writing.
02:23In those days, few people could read. It wasn't like now, when there are schools and everyone...
02:29We can learn to read and write. At that time, people were practically illiterate. Very few.
02:36They could read and write the sacred texts, at least those who could do so clearly. All of them
02:45They were generally members of the Sanhedrin, people who had been trained within the synagogue and
02:52They were the ones who could read the scrolls. The others were there to listen. But in general, let's say,
02:59It wasn't something everyone could do. Instruction was given mainly orally.
03:06As I was saying earlier, in the synagogue. Also in the temple, where the teachers of the law,
03:12Those who knew about this explained orally everything related to the Sacred
03:18Writing. And don't think the students carried notebooks. There were no notebooks. So everything was
03:25Learn it, memorize it, and above all, because the Lord was betting that they would live it and be imbued with it.
03:34the person about what the Lord wanted. Generally, they did this when people came to the service.
03:42So only the most prepared, such as priests, scribes, and so on, because they were the ones who
03:51They wrote the different textbooks; they had a culture that allowed them to read and explain.
04:00Creating a book at that time was an extremely complex, expensive, and slow process.
04:07At that time, already in the time of the New Testament—let's not think about the Old Testament. In the New Testament,
04:17It was usually written on hides, on animal skins. And these were the ones used to make
04:25the writings. So, to make a book, it meant having a good number of animals
04:33that had to be sacrificed to obtain it. That is, to make the Gospel of Luke, well, a whole flock, surely.
04:42So there were few books and few people who could own them and read them, and read them properly.
04:51This is going to take a long time. It won't be until the time of the Diaspora, when the Jews leave.
04:59from Jerusalem, when a relationship between writing and the oral part is going to be established.
05:11This exodus of Christians from the land of Israel, along with all the Jews, will be more or less
05:21Around the year 70 AD, we will begin to have more contact with some of the writings
05:29from Sacred Scripture, at least those we have today. Some of them, as we shall see,
05:35They began to be written, probably around the year 50, and they were letters, not gospels.
05:44Documents that were written for the community, to correct errors, to encourage them, etc.
05:51We can say that the process of disseminating the Holy Scriptures of the New Testament is truly...
05:57It would begin, if we were lucky, around the year 70.
06:02It was during this time that people began to write down what they had known by heart.
06:10because it was important to preserve the faith, and the only way to do that was through books,
06:16of writings that could remain in history as we have them now.
06:21So this document that we have before us today is a document that
06:28It was written many centuries ago. And that is why Christianity developed.
06:35not as a doctrine, but as a new way of living.
06:41A new way of living.
06:44This way of life was basically oriented towards living like Jesus,
06:50as Jesus had told us.
06:52And so, well, we had to take that lesson and move forward from there.
07:00The witnesses who had seen Jesus, who had heard him,
07:05They went about preaching the good news throughout the world.
07:11Jesus did not write anything, nor did he command them to write anything.
07:15They were the people who accompanied him and listened to him.
07:20They, in time, and aided by the grace of the Holy Spirit,
07:26They gathered up the important things, the things they liked best,
07:31or what we could say today, based on the theme of interpretation in divine inspiration.
07:38What the Holy Spirit made them see as important within the preaching of Jesus.
07:43Because John himself says, if we were to write down everything Jesus said and did,
07:48There wouldn't be enough books in the world.
07:51The most important thing of all,
07:54It was the preaching and teachings of Jesus Christ,
07:58they became a discipleship teaching,
08:01that was passed from one to another,
08:04but not just as a doctrine,
08:07but as a Christian life.
08:09Christian life developed,
08:11not a philosophy, but a way of life.
08:15He filled the disciples with life,
08:19and these teachings,
08:20discipleship teaching,
08:22It gradually became part of what we have today as Sacred Scripture.
08:26As we have seen previously,
08:30Not everything is in the Holy Scriptures.
08:32A good part of it lies in tradition,
08:35which is what the disciples believed and taught.
08:39This is what they had received from the Master,
08:42and later they taught it to others,
08:45but as a life lesson.
08:48It was put in writing,
08:49Yeah,
08:50but so that it wouldn't get lost,
08:52so that we might learn to live according to the teachings of Christ.
08:57Without tradition,
08:59Today we would have,
09:00Today we would not have the Holy Scriptures,
09:02we couldn't even understand it.
09:05She is the foundation of everything,
09:07and existed in the community long before any writing,
09:11Therefore, it is part of what is called divine revelation.
09:18This applies particularly to the gospels.
09:22Letters and other texts have an epistolary origin,
09:27Therefore, they were written from the beginning,
09:29and not a sum of sermons that came to complete
09:34and to give clear signals about some specific problems of Christian communities.
09:40But they wrote to them,
09:42not listening to Peter or Paul preach,
09:45no, no, no,
09:46They wrote to him.
09:48We see, for example,
09:50In the case of Corinthians,
09:53I mean,
09:54There were many problems in Corinth.
09:56One of Corinth's big problems
09:58It was the Eucharistic celebration.
10:02Which, well,
10:02because of its origin,
10:05because the apostle's letter,
10:07What it really seeks is to correct these abuses.
10:12These errors that occur within the Holy Eucharist.
10:18Pablo writes to them,
10:20Do they really think they're doing a good job doing this?
10:22And this, and that, and the rest.
10:24No,
10:24They don't discriminate against people.
10:26He who eats the body and blood of the Lord without discerning it,
10:31He eats his own damnation.
10:33What are you doing, Corinthians?
10:35Pablo writes it.
10:38One more piece of data that points
10:40that the writing came after the events
10:44It was the fact that the majority of believers
10:48They were waiting for the return of the Messiah,
10:51of Jesus,
10:52was imminent.
10:54Saint Paul,
10:55in his first letter to the Thessalonians,
10:57which is supposed to be one of the earliest writings
10:59of the New Testament,
11:01What is put in writing is a letter.
11:03which would be this.
11:04In this letter he states
11:06that he himself is waiting for the coming of Jesus.
11:09Says,
11:09I'm going to watch it
11:10when those of us who are alive come.
11:12Hashish,
11:12achoo,
11:13achoo.
11:14Those of us who are alive.
11:15I mean,
11:15He thinks,
11:16TRUE?
11:17If we read in 1 Thessalonians 4,
11:20says,
11:21well,
11:21It's clearly there.
11:24that Paul himself
11:26I was expecting
11:27to be alive
11:28until the coming of the Lord.
11:31He believed
11:32that in its time
11:34the consummation would take place,
11:35the paruchia,
11:37the end of times
11:38where Jesus would come
11:40to finish
11:41the work
11:42and to conclude
11:43with everything that exists.
11:45Whereby,
11:46well,
11:46It wouldn't make any sense.
11:48write
11:48everything that Jesus did and said.
11:50So that?
11:51That's about to end.
11:52It was enough that
11:53as we experienced it,
11:54we would teach it
11:55And that's enough.
11:57Really,
11:59No,
11:59They weren't very interested.
12:01in writing
12:02because practically
12:03the world would end soon.
12:07So,
12:08well,
12:09there is the conception
12:10of a truth
12:11And that's because
12:13behind this book
12:14there is a whole tradition
12:16that form
12:18part
12:18of the revelation
12:19and only
12:21a part
12:23of this tradition
12:24It is the one that was written.
12:26That's what we have
12:27by deed
12:28And that's what it is
12:29in our
12:30New Testaments.
12:32Now,
12:33Getting down to business,
12:35we could say
12:36that the New Testament
12:37refers to
12:37to a collection
12:39of documents,
12:41of books,
12:41of religious documents
12:43writings
12:44originally
12:45in Greek.
12:47Because?
12:47Because it was
12:48the common language,
12:50especially Greek
12:51which is called
12:51koine,
12:52popular Greek
12:53that all people
12:54he was speaking.
12:56When he came
12:57the conquest
12:57of Greece
12:58in all this
12:59part of the world,
13:02well,
13:02implanted his language
13:03and although afterwards
13:05it combined
13:06with Latin,
13:07let's say,
13:08a Jew
13:09more or less
13:10prepared
13:11I would speak
13:12Greek,
13:13Latin
13:14and Hebrew.
13:15They could
13:16communicate some
13:17with others,
13:18with the Romans
13:19and with lots of people.
13:21So,
13:21the writers
13:22inspired by the Lord
13:23they decided
13:24write
13:25for the world
13:26and the world
13:27in general
13:28It's as if today
13:28we thought
13:29to do a work
13:30that it be disseminated
13:31in a way
13:31bigger.
13:33In what language?
13:33Would we do it?
13:34I think
13:35than in English.
13:36Somehow
13:37we could say
13:38than English
13:38is today
13:39a language
13:40which is the most
13:41widely disseminated,
13:42is the one with which
13:42we can more or less
13:44interact with people.
13:46It's not that everything
13:46so the world knows English,
13:48But it's easier.
13:49Here too
13:49they thought
13:50in that
13:50and they were written
13:52in Greek.
13:53These writings
13:54that we
13:54have
13:55They're not exactly
13:56the originals.
13:59Along
14:00of his writing
14:01there was a process
14:03very long
14:04where they went
14:06little by little
14:06They left
14:07completing,
14:08they were edited
14:10in such a way
14:11that they could
14:11express better
14:12what the Holy Spirit
14:14wanted to leave us
14:15as a will
14:17for our life.
14:19Many years,
14:20many.
14:22All these
14:23different writings
14:24were made
14:25for a large amount
14:27by authors
14:27with different
14:29backgrounds
14:30cultural,
14:30religious people too,
14:32which mostly
14:33it was unknown
14:35who were
14:37or who they were
14:38really
14:39and we don't know
14:41today
14:41who were
14:42the rapporteurs
14:43finals,
14:44who finished them,
14:46They polished them
14:46and they gave them
14:47the structure
14:48that we now have
14:49in our Bibles.
14:51probably
14:53who wrote
14:54the Gospel
14:54Lucas
14:55as has
14:56understood
14:57a Storon
14:57He was a man
14:58named Lucas
14:59that even
15:01where we know
15:01because he himself
15:02That's what it says,
15:03Pablo says so.
15:04in one of his letters,
15:06Lucas,
15:07the doctor,
15:07then we say
15:08oh ok,
15:08This is the doctor
15:09that accompanied
15:10to Pablo
15:10on their journeys,
15:13however,
15:14the writing
15:14that we have today
15:15Lucas
15:16we don't know
15:17who finished it,
15:20who gave it
15:20the form
15:21that now
15:22It has at the end,
15:24as we will see
15:24later,
15:26we'll see what happened
15:26a great influence
15:27in the newsrooms,
15:30especially
15:31with the topic
15:32of the Gospel
15:33by Marcos
15:34that has
15:35as a source,
15:36at least
15:37That's the idea.
15:38so we have
15:39in some parts
15:40of tradition,
15:43which is a testimony
15:44of what he preached
15:46Peter,
15:47so
15:47has a strong
15:50influence
15:51in how it
15:52they finished
15:53the latest
15:53editorials
15:54from the Gospels
15:55which we call
15:55synoptic,
15:57among them
15:57Lucas,
15:58That's why today
16:00more than anything
16:00We're talking about schools
16:01editorial
16:02that finally
16:03they gave shape
16:05complete
16:05to the writings
16:06that we have today,
16:09originally
16:09these writings
16:10were directed
16:11to communities
16:12of the faithful
16:12who were Jewish,
16:13some of them
16:15they were a mix
16:15of Jews
16:16and gentle
16:16which
16:17they met
16:18in houses
16:19to listen
16:21the word,
16:23these houses
16:24were distributed
16:25throughout Palestine,
16:27in Asia Minor,
16:29in Greece,
16:29in Italy,
16:31the communities,
16:33these communities
16:33they received these writings
16:35and they received them
16:37with the idea
16:37to form
16:38and to know
16:39the instruction
16:40that he had left
16:41the Lord
16:41for all of us,
16:43in all of this
16:44the Holy Spirit
16:46I was driving,
16:47I was putting,
16:47I was taking it away,
16:49it was moving forward
16:49the editorial staff
16:50of writing,
16:52in these documents
16:54we're going to find
16:55that the authors
16:55they used
16:56also
16:57different genres
16:58literary
16:59to communicate
17:01your ideas
17:02more effectively,
17:03We need to get to know them
17:05in order to be able to
17:06interpret them,
17:07most
17:09of them
17:10I was looking
17:10reply
17:11to needs
17:12and questions
17:14own
17:14of that time,
17:16also responded
17:17to the emergency
17:18to carry
17:19the message
17:19of Jesus
17:20to the others,
17:22we can say
17:22that
17:23the beginning
17:24or one
17:25of the principles
17:25fundamentals
17:26of the document
17:28that we know
17:28with New Testament
17:29it was mainly
17:31faith,
17:34were guided
17:34by faith
17:35of the first
17:36Christians
17:37And that's why
17:39well then
17:40if we want
17:41really
17:42keep
17:43these ideas
17:45they have to be read
17:46also
17:47along the same lines
17:49that is to say
17:49under a line
17:51of faith
17:52today
17:53many times
17:54the Bible
17:55it remains in studies
17:56in-depth
17:57to know
17:58where,
18:00when,
18:00as
18:01and who
18:02she wrote it
18:03or who
18:03they wrote them
18:04our books
18:05That's not important
18:08I mean
18:10It is an instrument
18:11that the Holy Spirit
18:12He created for us
18:13It is an instrument
18:15to guide
18:15faith
18:16not to tell us
18:18where is
18:18Nazareth
18:19or where it is
18:20Jerusalem
18:21or what's it called
18:22the river
18:23What's going on there?
18:24no, no, no
18:25It's not for that
18:25That's why the authors
18:28between one and the other
18:29change
18:30on one side
18:30for another
18:31different
18:32the line
18:33weather
18:33it's not
18:35the important thing
18:36These are the events
18:38and how do I present them?
18:40And that's what
18:42used
18:43the Holy Spirit
18:44in the agiographers
18:46in writers
18:47to build
18:48these documents
18:50and well
18:51We'll leave it for now.
18:52Here's our class
18:53we return
18:53in a moment
18:54to continue
18:55with this
18:56interesting
18:57chapter
18:58about
18:59as
19:01it began
19:02writing
19:02of the New Testament
19:04from Scripture
19:06from Scripture
19:06from Scripture
19:08Thanks for watching the video.