- hace 2 días
- El arma del crimen: ¿Qué diferencia a un asesino que mata con arma blanca o con arma de fuego? ¿Cuál es la trayectoria de una bala cuando penetra en el cuerpo humano? ¿Cómo han matado algunos de los asesinos más celebres de la historia? Con la colaboración de la Sociedad española de Criminología y Ciencias Forenses y de dos de sus miembros, el criminólogo Antonio Cela y el forense Aitor Curiel, indagaremos en el lado más oscuro de la investigación criminal desvelando algunas de las técnicas que emplean los policías y fuerzas de seguridad en la identificación y detención de los asesinos.
- El pozo del olvido: Una zona muy concreta del río Ebro ha sido el triste escenario a lo largo de la historia de muertes y desapariciones extrañas. El pozo de San Lázaro es un tramo fluvial insondable marcado por la leyenda y el misterio.
- El emblema del traidor: Una sorprendente historia que une al nazismo con la masonería. Conspiraciones, traiciones, increíbles casualidades y una extraña joya se entremezclan en una novela basada en un hecho real que expone hasta qué punto pudieron llegar los tentáculos del III Reich. El escritor Juan Gómez Jurado y el librero Juan Carlos Febrero, cuyo padre fue protagonista de la trama, analizarán que códigos se esconden tras el emblema del Traidor.
- Túneles del sufrimiento: Son muchos los enigmas y supuestos fenómenos paranormales que ocurren en el peñón. Un equipo de Cuarto Milenio se ha desplazado a Gibraltar para indagar sobre las muchas leyendas que existen en la zona y recabar muchos de los testimonios que hablan de supuestos encuentros con lo sobrenatural.
- El pozo del olvido: Una zona muy concreta del río Ebro ha sido el triste escenario a lo largo de la historia de muertes y desapariciones extrañas. El pozo de San Lázaro es un tramo fluvial insondable marcado por la leyenda y el misterio.
- El emblema del traidor: Una sorprendente historia que une al nazismo con la masonería. Conspiraciones, traiciones, increíbles casualidades y una extraña joya se entremezclan en una novela basada en un hecho real que expone hasta qué punto pudieron llegar los tentáculos del III Reich. El escritor Juan Gómez Jurado y el librero Juan Carlos Febrero, cuyo padre fue protagonista de la trama, analizarán que códigos se esconden tras el emblema del Traidor.
- Túneles del sufrimiento: Son muchos los enigmas y supuestos fenómenos paranormales que ocurren en el peñón. Un equipo de Cuarto Milenio se ha desplazado a Gibraltar para indagar sobre las muchas leyendas que existen en la zona y recabar muchos de los testimonios que hablan de supuestos encuentros con lo sobrenatural.
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TVTranscripción
00:35Good evening and welcome to the mystery ship
00:37Well, then, with top-level specialists.
00:40We are going to delve into a topic of great interest to everyone.
00:43It's even a bit taboo, it has to be said.
00:44The murder weapon
00:46With evidence, with ballistics, with forensic investigation, with criminology
00:50Many things are going to happen in this now classic space of Cuarto Milenio.
00:55But first I want to tell you a story
00:58So you can see it
00:58We have conducted a series of tests at a shooting range
01:02The murder weapon, our target, will surprise you
01:26When analyzing a crime
01:28There is a key element
01:29The weapon
01:30Through it we will learn many things about the sequence of events
01:34But we're also going to learn a lot about the killer.
01:37About his personality
01:39Because the choice is not accidental.
01:41We have traveled to the facilities of the Zaborano Olympic shooting club
01:46To conduct several experiments and verify on site
01:49What are the devastating effects of some weapons on different elements?
02:07The shooting tests will be carried out by our weapons expert.
02:10And also a collaborator of the Spanish Society of Criminology and Forensic Sciences
02:13Angel Hernandez
02:14Why do we have this particular selection?
02:16Well, initially these five weapons have been selected
02:19Because these are weapons that can be acquired with the appropriate license for sport shooting.
02:26We're going to start the comparison using the Farabellum 9mm pistol
02:30The 9mm is a cartridge that is extremely widespread throughout the world
02:35It is standard uniform in the police and militaries of more than 70 countries
02:38To maximize safety measures, we will use one cartridge at a time.
03:01We will continue the comparison with a .44 Remington Magnum caliber revolver.
03:05It's a very powerful weapon; the effects are far more devastating.
03:22We're going to continue with us
03:23Let's begin and move on to Anna
03:24Let's go to software
03:24Let's try
03:25Let's see
03:26Let's see
03:47We will continue with a 12-gauge semi-automatic shotgun loaded with a buckshot cartridge.
03:54This cartridge has nine projectiles.
04:21We continue to compare the effect produced by the high force of a shotgun cartridge with the very high velocity of the
04:30.308 caliber.
04:32This projectile will be launched at over 750 meters per second.
04:49Subscribe to the channel!
05:19We're going to finish with an extraordinarily heavy weapon that combines great stopping power with great muzzle velocity
05:25of the projectile.
05:25It's a Magnum 375 Holland Holland.
05:41Wow, Angel, that rifle is incredibly powerful!
05:45Yeah!
05:46Terrifying!
05:47Well, we've tested the effects of some of these weapons.
05:51What conclusion can we draw from all this?
05:54Well, taking them out of their context, that is, exclusively sporting uses, they can be lethal.
05:59With this simple experiment, we have tried to show you what a bullet can do from a great distance.
06:06accustomed to seeing in movies or television series.
06:09They are deadly weapons and, of course, they define those who use them.
06:24They are deadly weapons and, of course, they define those who are used to seeing them in movies or in the
06:30movies or in the movies or in the movies.
06:42Those who also strive to learn a little about the criminal in order to defend ourselves against him.
06:47What's going to happen here?
06:49Well, we'll be able to find that out, as I said before, with top-level specialists.
06:53And as always, it's a pleasure to welcome you here to Cuarto Milenio.
06:56I'm going to introduce them.
06:57One of them is Antonio Cela, criminologist, professor of criminalistics at the University of Salamanca, secretary of the Spanish Society
07:04of Criminology and Forensic Sciences.
07:06With him we discovered here, a few months ago, what it really meant to investigate a crime scene.
07:11Well, Antonio, welcome. Thanks for being here, as always.
07:14Good night.
07:15We're going to learn a lot from you.
07:16We will also learn from Héctor Curiel, a doctor specializing in legal and forensic medicine,
07:21Professor in the biomedical area of the Camilo José Cela University and vice president of the Spanish Society of Criminology and Sciences
07:27Forensic experts.
07:28His first visit. It's going to be very interesting, Hector.
07:31Welcome.
07:32And I also greet, of course, our colleague Paco Pérez Caballero. Paco, good evening.
07:35Good evening, Ezequiel.
07:36And to Juan Villa. Back there is the artist who will bring us many more things with a single objective,
07:41as usual.
07:41Let yourselves be surprised, just like I was.
08:24It's their turn, because we're seeing several torsos here, several elements, and some have important markings.
08:30The first big question, before we start looking at things, Antonio, is, does the criminal use different types of things depending on his psychology?
08:38of a weapon?
08:38Is there a weapon for crimes of passion? For cold-blooded crimes? For hitmen? For the rural world?
08:47The big question is how to link that type of instrument with the author.
08:52History often tells us that it is.
08:55Crimes known as "puerturraco" because they reveal to us the use of the hunting shotgun as a harmful instrument.
09:05Or serial crimes like those committed by David Berkovich in the 1970s in the United States, who was the well-known
09:12.44 caliber killer, who used this highly damaging, powerful caliber to commit his crimes.
09:20Well, in a way they reflect that there is indeed an interrelationship between the murder weapon and the fact that
09:25is committed.
09:26All of this has a criminological component, that is, the relationship between the motivations that drive people to commit crimes and
09:33the fact itself.
09:34But we are also interested in the forensic component, which is the purely scientific, empirical relationship of the study of the weapon
09:41that we find at the crime scene or at a later time.
09:46And the injuries that this has caused. We're talking about ballistics, which is a science or a branch of
09:52the criminalistics of identification techniques.
09:55And particularly to be able to tell us exactly what weapon was used, what calibers, from what distance, if there was one,
10:03two, three shooters.
10:04And to be able to link the instrument, the weapon of the crime, with the perpetrator and with the victim.
10:10This link between these spices is key when determining the authorship of a criminal act.
10:15and clarify the truth of what happened.
10:17Of course, there's one thing that happens, Antonio and Tor, that very famous series like CSI have been getting us used to through fiction
10:25tools that everyone already knows.
10:27We don't quite understand what our security forces are used for and how they actually use them.
10:32or our researchers in criminology.
10:34But some things catch one's attention, for example. When we see a body like this, as you mentioned, Antonio,
10:40Puerto Urraco, which is one of those crimes from the dark side of Spain,
10:42In the more rural areas, perhaps the last great crime of Spain's dark history on a massive scale, we see there a series of wounds.
10:48I immediately, I don't know why, my mind goes there, and I don't know, Aitor, if precisely
10:52That mark, we see different marks on this body, it reveals that, doesn't it?
10:56That's where rural Spain is.
10:58Yes, yes, yes, obviously, if we look at this type of injury, we're talking about a multi-projectile wound much more typical of the
11:04Rural Spain.
11:05The victim says things about the weapon, and the weapon almost always says things about the killer, often about
11:10his story, about his personality.
11:12At other times, it's simply based on what I had most readily available at a given moment, but it does provide some information.
11:18In this case, in this corpse, we have a series of very different injuries, right?
11:22We have here a multi-projectile injury in which we can see many things.
11:27For example, this might initially appear to be from a single impact, but even though they are small injuries, they have a short trajectory.
11:35And with that we can simply point out where the shot came from.
11:41If we find small trajectories that go in one direction and, instead, we find trajectories in other projectiles that
11:48They're going in another direction,
11:50We will be able to say whether it was one shot or two shots.
11:52Or several.
11:53Wow, and with just that you already have vital information.
11:55Of course, it can be very important, but in this model we have more injuries and they give us a lot of information.
12:02If we take a weapon, we can say at what distance it occurred, even with what trajectory it entered.
12:10projectile.
12:11Essentially, medical specialists in legal and forensic medicine and forensic doctors study injuries, right?
12:16The injuries on the corpse and we have to look for three things.
12:18The entrance hole, which is what this model shows us, the trajectories, which we will see later in
12:23other models, and the outlet holes.
12:25In this case, we have different types of inlet holes.
12:29Lots of information, very simple.
12:30This hole we have here is what is classically called a jug mouth or a touching barrel.
12:35Why? Well, a gunshot isn't exactly a clean reality, is it?
12:40When a person fires a gun, smoke comes out, gunpowder residue comes out, the projectile obviously comes out, and even a flame.
12:47So, if this is done at point-blank range, with the weapon directly touching the body,
12:51The gases from that explosion, at the level of subcutaneous cellular tissue, explode and project from the edges.
13:00of the wound,
13:00This injury occurs, as can be seen here, with the edges facing outwards.
13:04That's interesting, Hector. So, you mean that when you examine a wound of this type,
13:10Where we only see, well, one more mark, you know that the criminal, well, had the handle of his weapon
13:16touching the...
13:18Sometimes it can even leave a rough outline of the weapon's final shape, making it possible to try to identify it.
13:24weapon.
13:25Of course, with the projectile we will also be able to do that from an identification ballistics perspective.
13:29But, for example, to move forward a little, if the distance is no longer within striking distance
13:33and the gases no longer cause the tissue to expand, it opens at the edges,
13:37What will arrive is the flame, the flame of that shot.
13:40Then we would have the classic point-blank shot, which comes from the fact that it actually burns.
13:44that the flame is burning that body surface or that tissue surface that the body has
13:49and it's going to leave us with a similar injury to this injury or this entry wound that we have here.
13:53If we move a little further away, we'll already be in a short-distance injury situation.
13:58in which there is still a band of contusion, some gunpowder residue or some gunpowder grain that does not
14:03It has burned
14:04and the entrance hole.
14:05And if we go much further away, we only have the entrance hole
14:09With a very slight bruise band, we would be in the long distance.
14:13Impressive, impressive short lesson and everyone has seen that
14:17What we don't know, we ignorant people, as I always say, myself included,
14:20We see a body like that, which we hope we'll never have to see, right?
14:23And we see, right, Paco, several shots, well, three shots, we wouldn't know anything more.
14:27Scientists and researchers see in each of them a completely different world of possibilities.
14:33We have some examples here, I certainly am not into some guns.
14:38I know, for example, that Paco, who was able to investigate the matter at the time,
14:41The terrible crimes of the playing card killer, who used a gun...
14:45A very specific gun, that's exactly what I was going to add, because there are indeed killers.
14:50who have the weapon as a fetish. The card killer's weapon was no ordinary weapon,
14:54It was a 7.62 Tokarev, very difficult to find in the West.
14:58much more typical of the place where she had been, specifically in Mostar,
15:01She was brought from there specifically to commit those murders,
15:05And by the way, that weapon never turned up, which leaves some criminal hypotheses open.
15:10Regarding whether there were other characters involved, right?
15:15For now, only one person is serving a prison sentence.
15:18And his crimes have thankfully stopped, but it tells us a lot about the killer.
15:22Both this specific weapon, and the differentiation between, for example,
15:25the knife and the firearm, or firing a shot at point-blank range,
15:29as they were explaining, very close to the victim, or a shot from a sniper rifle,
15:33like the Washington sniper did.
15:34The types of crimes are completely unrelated, and that's what we wanted to bring up here today.
15:38Well, let's continue with our lesson and keep learning.
15:40Well, there are some elements, as I said before, that have become almost commonplace.
15:45in the last decade due to the success of series about forensic investigation.
15:49And I really like knowing the truth.
15:51Hector, I'd like you to explain exactly what that is.
15:54how you use it and what elements you can almost scientifically guess with that type of element.
16:01Of course, obviously at the moment when there is a death by firearm
16:04We are dealing with a violent death and therefore it is a judicial autopsy.
16:06A body removal and a forensic autopsy must be performed.
16:09In a forensic autopsy, the first part is the external examination and the second is the internal examination.
16:13One of the fundamental problems we encounter when dealing with a firearm
16:17That's where the bullet is. Why? Because if it's out, it's out.
16:21We have an outlet hole, as in this model we will explain below.
16:24Well, we can look for her in the area, but if she hasn't come out
16:26We can find it in the most unlikely place in the world.
16:29There is a test, thank God, at the present time that is very simple
16:32which leaves us with total priority on where the projectiles are, one or however many there may have been.
16:37A simple X-ray is essential before performing an autopsy.
16:41or a person who has died from a firearm, perform a simple x-ray
16:43to see what projectiles it has inside and where they are located.
16:46We already know the end, we know the beginning because of the entry holes.
16:50From there we have to try to find the route.
16:53Perhaps this type of model with this type of rod is used a lot in TV series.
16:57They have a fundamental problem, which occurs even in this model,
17:00that when you pull the rod out and try to reinsert it along the same path,
17:07Often you're talking about very thin rods, we're talking about fabrics
17:10which are often already beginning the putrefaction phase
17:13and they are easily traversable.
17:15With relative ease, we can actually create our own path.
17:19We are damaging the corpse.
17:21We really need to proceed very carefully, little by little.
17:24so as not to create our own path to death.
17:27Often we see it better in the internal examination of the corpse.
17:31that using this type of rods.
17:33They are sometimes used, but much less than in television series.
17:37And now in that second body we have there,
17:39and in another one that is hidden, made of a very special material that will catch your attention,
17:42We will also see knife wounds.
17:45The question is clear, Antonio.
17:49Does it reveal anything about the mind of the killer, the aggressor,
17:53that uses a firearm like the one we have here,
17:55which seems to imply more distance,
17:57to get stained with the victim's blood almost with the knife?
18:00Sometimes yes, sometimes no.
18:02Perhaps it's very politically correct to say it that way,
18:05But in Spain we don't have a great tradition of serial killers either.
18:09even if it's just to visit nursing homes,
18:11But it is true that homicide in general is an impulsive act,
18:15of those impulses that cannot be controlled and that lead to the death of a human being.
18:20And it is usually committed with what is closest, as I said before.
18:26One important thing, which we have more of in Spain,
18:29the impulse, the passion, the anger, the rage,
18:32That the methodical preparation of a sick mind that goes around killing, right?
18:36Clear.
18:37So it's interesting the level of organization that needs to be had
18:41to commit it if it is with a purpose, a terrorist act,
18:45a contract killing, a murder for hire,
18:48of those that have been seen more frequently in Spain in recent times.
18:51Ultimately, it is true that there is a relationship between personality,
18:55including the modus operandi, and even the signature that each criminal act may bear,
19:02Each homicide reflects, in a way, the message of the mind.
19:06who is behind all of this.
19:07Let's do one thing, let's ask Juan Villa to bring
19:11certain instruments that will surprise you.
19:13Some of these objects, objects that depend on their use,
19:17They certainly become mortal,
19:20It has truly left me speechless.
19:24There are some things there, aren't there, Paco?
19:26Yes, there's a whole arsenal.
19:26Since ancient times, because man has always killed.
19:29Even the most modern and sophisticated.
19:30Yes, sophisticated and truly terrifying.
19:32Indeed, as Antonio said,
19:35where a study and a pattern can be done
19:37It is logically the killers who repeat the offense.
19:39He who kills because he has had a fit of rage,
19:42Because he's in the middle of a fight, he logically kills.
19:44As we're saying, with the first thing you have on hand.
19:46But it's very different, a serial killer, for example,
19:49a vigilante or a hitman who kills with a knife,
19:52Why is that to their liking, rather than someone who uses a firearm?
19:56There we are seeing some absolutely lethal weapons,
19:59As you meant, one of them is made of a polymer,
20:02which is not made of metal and is therefore much harder to detect,
20:05And it's being used in many places, isn't it?
20:07Show a little, Paco, just like that.
20:09Well, look, this one I'm talking about is this weapon.
20:12It's like a range, isn't it?
20:13It's a kind of awl, indeed very small,
20:15It also seems to be very thin to the touch, and very lightweight.
20:20And yet it is lethal.
20:22Hector, that's scary, isn't it?
20:23In other words, for those of us who are unfamiliar with the world of weapons,
20:27Could that look to you like a painter's object?
20:29Or if you see it from afar and suddenly it's a material?
20:32Of course, practically anything, if it's sharpened,
20:35It can be a lethal weapon when used properly.
20:37Furthermore, it has the possibility of being hidden relatively easily,
20:41And that, obviously, complicates its detection before and after its use, right?
20:45The truth is that anyone who has seen many types of weapons,
20:49And in many cases, in the end you see the most incredible things.
20:52the most improbable things.
20:54And this, perhaps because of its craftsmanship, shows a significant level of professionalism.
20:58and really an intention to hide it and an intention to use it somewhere where...
21:02It reminds me a little, it's a step further, of those awls that are used, for example, in prisons,
21:06that they make out of anything, for example, a toothbrush,
21:09Well, one more step, now made of a material that allows them to wear it on the street,
21:13Well, much more difficult than, for example, a weapon like this, right?
21:15An explorer's knife.
21:16We were talking, for example, about the typical kitchen knife.
21:19That one, for example, has a story, Aido.
21:20Yes, I would like to tell a little bit of this story.
21:23The shape and characteristics of this dagger are the same as the sica.
21:28The sica was a dagger used by the Sicarii, one of the most radical separatist factions in Judea.
21:35against the Romans.
21:36Those who carried the sica, who kept it hidden and used it to punish people they considered to be going
21:41against that independence of Judea,
21:43Those who carried this sica were called sicari.
21:47And from there, from "sicari," comes the word "sicario," which is the assassin known to all.
21:52salary,
21:53As my colleague Antonio Cela has mentioned, perhaps in our country we are starting to see this a little more.
21:58a reality that was not common in our culture.
22:01Contract killings are not a myth, not a legend, but something that actually happens.
22:06If you like, let's take a look, talking now about bladed weapons, although later we'll do a double test with that body that we'll then
22:12Juan Villa will reveal it to us,
22:13There we have, Aitor, another series of brands that are bladed weapons.
22:18Yes, to explain these marks I wanted to use two easily distinguishable bladed weapons.
22:24One has one edge, it is a single-edged knife, and the other has two edges, it is a double-edged knife.
22:30Well, the entry wound of a stab wound will have a shape similar to that of the weapon.
22:37Fire has certain characteristics, right?
22:38And if we inflict the injury with a single-edged weapon, we will find that when it comes to
22:45nail, we really nailed,
22:48We're going to have a sharp area, which is the edge, and a more rounded area, which is the
22:54area where there is no edge, the edge that has no edge.
22:57And just by looking at the two edges, I imagine with a magnifying glass, in detail, you already know what type it is.
23:02Of course, we can now define a weapon as having one edge or a weapon with two edges. Similarly, we can
23:06try to define the width of the weapon and the minimum depth,
23:10but at least a series of minimum values. In this case, this injury is produced with a sharp edge and
23:14However, this other injury was caused by a weapon like this one, with two edges.
23:20Which leaves the cut exactly the same, let's say, on both sides.
23:23But it will have a sharp edge on both sides. We also have the possibility of an incised wound.
23:28So we see an incised wound, and here we have an incised wound.
23:31So the question here is, which way did it go? From right to left or from left to right?
23:35Was he right-handed? Was he left-handed? Did it come from the front? Did it come from behind? Did it come from the side?
23:39Well, considering the characteristics of the two edges, which are called tails, we can also say, report if it has been
23:47In one way or another. It's very simple.
23:48The leading edge is a deeper and shorter edge, while the trailing edge is a
23:54shallower and longer edge.
23:57In this injury we have here, it would be a bladed weapon that has penetrated laterally and moved to finish
24:03the more centered, more medial cut.
24:06And here we have another kind of wound, like a cross-shaped wound or...?
24:09Yes, in this case, with such crossed wounds there are two possibilities. We always have to consider the possibility that it is
24:14a scissor injury.
24:15That's not the case. It's simply relatively common that when causing a knife wound,
24:21perform more than one gesture.
24:22Often, the movements are relatively similar. It's possible that some injuries overlap.
24:27Here a question arises. Which of the two injuries came first? The one affecting one sense or the other?
24:32Is it done in the other direction?
24:33The procedure we perform is very simple. We bring the edges of one of the two lesions together, and if the edges
24:39The other injury is coming together; that was the first one.
24:42If we join the edges backwards, the edges of the first one would separate.
24:47With that simple gesture, we can determine which of the two injuries occurred first. From there, we would study
24:53routes.
24:54Just a curiosity. I brought this bladed weapon myself because it's exactly the same as the one used in a
25:00subject of a murder I'm currently working on.
25:03An expert opinion I'm currently working on. And it's the same one.
25:05What am I demonstrating? A simple kitchen knife. The first thing the person had at hand.
25:10Well, it's impressive to hear you. Impressive. Now one sees it with a certain logic.
25:15But of course, that takes many years of research, science, criminology, and forensic investigation.
25:21We're going. Juan, please reveal to us that other body you've used. What is it, Juan? What are we going to
25:27Watch now?
25:27Okay, so what we're going to see now in the video we saw before is that we had used a gel
25:33ballistic,
25:33which is a kind of very dense gelatin that imitates, we were saying, fabrics.
25:37We haven't used ballistic gel here; we've diluted it to make it easier for us to do now.
25:43recreation.
25:44But it would be very similar. We have a skeleton and we have skin over it that mimics soft tissue, where
25:53Now we're going to act.
25:54Perfect. Aitor, then gather all the necessary items for that.
25:58The funny thing is that, unfortunately, criminals are also making progress, aren't they?
26:02Unfortunately, and they employ all... How much human ingenuity, or one sometimes wonders, how much human ingenuity is destined to do
26:09Evil sometimes exists, doesn't it?
26:10What's so surprising, Aitor? Tell us.
26:12Basically, this model is very useful because, being transparent, it allows us to clearly see how the
26:21path of an injury.
26:22We would now be talking about a journey by firearm.
26:25As we have seen, it is relatively easy to force a path with the rod itself.
26:28That's why, when we analyze and monitor the route, we have to do it very carefully and always with
26:33rods that don't have really thin edges or overly hard edges.
26:38A firearm goes in there and can come out anywhere.
26:41I've had cases where an injury has really reached that level and has been able to heal.
26:45a level as different as this.
26:47What happens during that entire journey that has been inside?
26:51Well, it clashes with very different structures.
26:53Sometimes it breaks and even has two or three outlets.
26:57Sometimes bone splinters and bone fragments also have their own journey.
27:01In short, we must perform a preliminary X-ray to see where it has ended, and then a thorough and meticulous internal study.
27:08a forensic autopsy,
27:10and gradually observe the journey with great care and delicacy.
27:13In the case of a bladed weapon, we would be in the same situation.
27:16For example, I'm going to use this same bladed weapon to inflict injuries similar to those in the real case that...
27:21Use a weapon just like this one.
27:23In that case, there was simply a small prick at this level, some defensive wounds on the hand of the
27:29victim,
27:29probably consistent with having grabbed the knife in the first attack,
27:33and a second injury that began in the left emissary muscles, penetrating deeper,
27:39It had a small traumatic jump at the level of the sternum, ending up penetrating deeply at the level of the left emitters.
27:49causing his death.
27:51In this case it is a real case, a case with the same weapon.
27:53We can actually see the compatibility or incompatibility of the same injuries, how many movements have been made,
27:58This could be very important because in this case the defense says that the victim lunges at the
28:03person who has the knife.
28:06Obviously, it's acceptable to lunge if there's only one injury; I have the weapon and the person has lunged and
28:09He nails it,
28:10But the moment we have a simple pinch, a simple injury as small as this,
28:14together with defensive injuries to one hand, lead us to state that it is clearly incompatible
28:19that the other person lunged at the victim.
28:23There are at least two gestures, a minimum of two gestures, and one of them deepens and finally causes the person to die.
28:31Many people say, well, we see it in movies, we see it in TV series, what should we really do?
28:36Today you can study, you can try to become a specialist, not in films but in the
28:43TRUE
28:43And there are already sufficient resources in Spain to begin this adventure, which could be exciting.
28:48Yes, without a doubt, becoming a criminologist in Spain is easy; you can enroll in any of our universities.
28:54and some private centers that specialize in these things
28:57and both the technical, academic, and scientific level of individuals and institutions
29:03The rate of criminology studies in Spain is extremely high.
29:06But I also want to acknowledge the extremely high level of our police, our Civil Guard.
29:12who receive training of a level that is not valued enough on some occasions
29:18Being a criminologist in Spain is a fascinating adventure, and certainly for anyone interested in this field.
29:24discipline
29:25I would certainly encourage him to do it because it's a pleasant experience.
29:30Well, I thank all four of you: Juan Villa, Hitor, Antonio, and Paco.
29:35that you have given us this quick, brief, express lesson if you will
29:39But we've already seen a few things that I'm sure, and this is the important thing, won't be...
29:43forget
29:43and perhaps also many research vocations that are being wonderfully pursued in Spain now
29:47They should be turned on from this moment on. That would be one of our motivations.
29:51all our intention, all our wisdom, all our knowledge
29:55to try to defend ourselves against those who act on the path of evil.
29:59Seriously, thank you all four of you so much.
30:01Thank you so much.
30:02Let's move on to another story, another story that you're going to like.
30:05But before penetrating, quite literally, into that well
30:08Keep some images in mind, for example
30:10those starring other members of the Spanish Society of Criminology
30:14with Paco shooting.
30:16They're hard to forget too, check them out.
30:42These.
30:43In a month.
30:4620.
30:4820.
30:4820.
31:0921.
31:24Rivers, as arteries of Mother Earth, have always been friends of man.
31:30Some cases, however, have raised fear and anticipation.
31:36the feeling that everything strange or evil happens around him.
31:40They are very distinctive places; many cities have them.
31:43For example, wells, immense wells, sinkholes, where popular memory speaks of whirlpools, disappearances, suicides,
31:51strange pieces that suddenly emerge from the waters.
31:55Almost always, as I say, an immortal legend of that absolutely unusual and ancestral Spain.
32:00In some cases there are certain truths.
32:03For example, in the story we are about to tell you, in the journey we intend to take with all of you,
32:09It is the Well of Saint Lazarus, in Zaragoza, on the same bank as the Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar,
32:14the place marked by an old lazaretto.
32:17So many stories I want you to embark on with us.
32:20For many people from Zaragoza who are watching us now, it is a place full of mysteries.
32:26Do you want to meet him?
32:26We dived in.
32:31Under the stone bridge, the oldest in the city of Zaragoza,
32:34It is located at the most legendary point of the Ebro River.
32:37A summit, a place of enormous depth that has accumulated dozens of tragic stories throughout the centuries.
32:44It is said that whatever falls into the Well of Saint Lazarus is never recovered.
32:48And the oldest people in the area say that it's a kind of door that nobody knows where it leads to.
33:06The Well of San Lázaro is so named because the lazaretto was located right there.
33:10The lazaretto, we know that the lazaretto is the leper colony.
33:15Leprosy is one of the great plagues of the Middle Ages.
33:20And James the Conqueror orders that it be done on the other side, always outside walls,
33:27on the other side of Zaragoza and on the other side of the river, to guarantee sanitary conditions,
33:31On the other side of the river, a lazaretto, a leper colony, should be built.
33:34And from there comes the convent of San Lázaro, whose remains have now partially appeared in the excavations of
33:39the Expo.
33:39And of course, whether you like it or not, the fact that there was a lazaretto, a leper colony,
33:45The Well, opposite the Pillar, in the busiest place,
33:48This fostered a breeding ground for belief in a magical, emblematic place.
33:56Well, it was a bit of a credential that something extraordinary was happening there.
34:12During the Middle Ages, the fear of leprosy was so great that those afflicted were considered cursed.
34:21Isolated from society and abandoned to their fate in the lazaretto,
34:25They were forced to dispose of the bodies of their comrades who were succumbing to the disease.
34:32They threw them into the river and were horrified to see the corpse sink and disappear.
34:39as if the devil were reclaiming what was his.
34:43Many of those confined claimed that the dead returned from the depths to terrorize them.
34:53It's not surprising that there are ghost stories around that bridge for the various reasons we've discussed.
35:00commenting.
35:01We are talking about infatuated people, we are talking about a mass grave right next to the well of San Lázaro.
35:08We're talking about a leper colony, so there were deaths, there was disease, there was evil.
35:13We are talking about the fact that a few arches further on, inside the stone bridge, is where Bogiero and Sás are thrown.
35:21We're talking about drowning victims floating down the river; we're talking about death always being very present.
35:29in this area of the San Lázaro well.
35:33Everything the people of Zaragoza feared, everything they didn't consider a threat,
35:39It seemed to come from that mysterious well that was connected to the darkest, to all that was supernatural.
35:45It seemed like an open portal to mystery.
35:50On August 31, 1250, a young boy, a choirboy in the church of Laseo, aged seven,
36:00He is murdered, dismembered, and beheaded in a macabre ritual of religious revenge.
36:15The criminals threw their remains into the San Lázaro well, believing they would never be recovered.
36:27But, in the middle of the night, some boatmen observe mysterious lights in the sky that try to guide them towards a point in
36:35concrete of the river.
36:39As they approached, the child's body emerged from the water.
36:43"It's a miracle!" they shout.
36:46After collecting him, they take him to the church to venerate him as Saint Dominic of Val.
36:51From ancient times, the very apparition of the Virgin of Pilar on the banks of the Ebro River was already marking
36:58a beginning of the fantastic in this space,
37:01which is also perhaps continued with Saint Lambert, who was a saint who was also working with oxen in the
37:09field,
37:10He is tortured and martyred; his head is cut off by the Romans.
37:13And, taking her head, some say that he returned, crossed the river and went to the crypt of Saint Ingracia,
37:19Others say that he had not yet finished plowing the field, tilling the field he was working on,
37:24and then he crossed the river and went towards the crypt of Santa Ingracia.
37:29Attracted by its magical legend, many people have decided to end their lives by throwing themselves into the treacherous current of the well.
37:38But one story is remembered in Zaragoza above all others.
37:41The story of two lovers who, desperate because their families wouldn't allow them to be together,
37:48They jumped into the Ebro River tied together with a rope.
37:50That archway of the stone bridge was the preferred place for suicides in Zaragoza to take their own lives.
37:57It's a bit like the local version of the Madrid viaduct.
38:01So it has that real basis in the fact that for a long time suicides have chosen that place,
38:09Because obviously if you jump in there it's impossible to get out of the well.
38:15It is not surprising that even today there are those who believe that a powerful curse hangs over the dark pit.
38:20Infrastructure improvements have increased safety, but the death toll continues to rise.
38:27Very recently a paddler, a canoeist from the Helios club, a young boy,
38:33Well, the canoe capsized and despite everyone telling him not to try to rescue the canoe,
38:40The man, this boy, with the intention of recovering his canoe,
38:45which perhaps had cost him a lot of effort and a lot of money,
38:48Since he couldn't afford it, he jumped into the well and, well, he drowned and, well,
38:53The body was then recovered by firefighters.
39:01The most serious incident took place on December 20, 1971.
39:06A bus with more than 50 people on board lost control and fell from the stone bridge to
39:12the well of Saint Lazarus.
39:14The vehicle disappeared without a trace, swallowed by the abyss, and seven people drowned.
39:22Thanks to the efforts of the firefighters, he was rescued ten years later.
39:28An operation was planned to pull the bus out of the well, as an exceptional exercise for the group of divers.
39:35and also a bit to finally put an end to this whole business of everyone knowing that down there
39:39There was a bus
39:40And they didn't know what had actually happened and all that. So, well, it was quite a complicated operation.
39:45and that they carried it out successfully, aided by very powerful cranes and, well, with a device
39:50And it was a huge undertaking, but it finally paid off, didn't it? And the bus left from there.
39:57Despite the successful rescue operation, the belief persists among the people of Zaragoza.
40:02that something inexplicable happens under the arches of the stone bridge.
40:07I think people prefer to believe that things that fall into the well stay in the well.
40:11and that there is no possibility of rescuing them, because when rescuing the bus I believe a violation occurred
40:15The legend of the well's impenetrability, right? I've known police officers who are still convinced.
40:22that most of the city's missing persons are buried inside that well
40:27Or submerged, right? Inside that seemingly bottomless pit.
40:37Juan Carlos Garza, corporal of the Zaragoza fire department's diving unit, claims he has touched
40:42He laid the bed of the cursed place with his own hands. He even shows us some stones.
40:47which he collected so as not to forget the feat. But he acknowledges that it's difficult to know for sure.
40:53What's there?
40:56The myth surrounding the well also reaches the firefighter divers because our
41:02The formation process is completed here in the river, just as in the other waterways of the city,
41:06in the canal, in the orchard and everywhere. But here in the river is where we can reach the maximum
41:09in depth and within the training course that is done within firefighters, once passed
41:14the tests for professional diving qualifications and all this, the turbid water diving course
41:19It's done many times here in the river. This is the star dive, let's put it that way.
41:24It's a firefighter diver's baptism of fire; it's descending into the San Lázaro well. So,
41:29You dive down half a meter and you can't see a thing, and I mean absolutely nothing. It's pitch black.
41:34Absolutely what's down there because the river has a lot of sediment, a lot of organic matter,
41:38So the light doesn't penetrate there. That's the first thing you notice when you go down into the well.
41:43Second is a feeling that you're taking a long time to get to the bottom because you really
41:47That depth is great for the river and you can't go down at high speed because
41:51You can't see and there's a risk of bumping into anything. And what you really find down there is...
41:56A bit of chaos; it's a very large cavity, that's noticeable, you can even perceive it in the movements
42:02Downstream, it's very still, very still. It doesn't have a regular shape; we've more or less...
42:07We have an account of what it's like, but we can't make a precise estimate of how it had been
42:11To map, that's very complicated, dark. Apparitions, accidents, suicides. Very few
42:19They dare to challenge the turbulent waters of the San Lázaro well. It is a dangerous place, a
42:25a place marked by misfortune.
42:38The secret and not-so-secret guides spoke and revealed some mysteries in
42:43around the Ebro River, as many call it. Incredible stories that seem, thanks to
42:50Our team's recreations were like something out of a movie, but they were absolutely
42:54real. For example, the case of that crucified child, like others, which apparently works a series
43:01Of miracles and the composition of the body itself, it is curious that these legends or realities
43:07They are always around that great summit, that great bottomless pit for some, in
43:12Right in the heart, in the heart of the mystical place of Zaragoza.
43:15We are talking about a child martyr whose remains are still preserved after
43:21so many years, because let's remember that the story takes place in the 13th century, in 1250, it is
43:28When this boy, who was an altar boy, who is now the patron saint of altar boys,
43:32He lost his life, they say at the hands of some Jews. The one who kidnapped him was named Moses.
43:37Alba Yucet, that was the name of the person, the Jew, who kidnapped this child and then
43:44Drawing his blood. What they do is a whole ritual that was also recounted in the libels.
43:49of blood, as a series of pamphlets were called from the 12th century to the 13th century
43:54XX recounts how the Jews used the blood of these children, which is when this child,
43:58Christians, to make the dough for the Passover meal. What they did was take
44:05The child was crucified; when he was crucified, they opened his veins so that the blood would come out.
44:11That blood was collected, and then what they did to Dominguito del Val was that they beheaded him.
44:16They cut off his hands, and some of his remains were indeed thrown into the Ebro River. It was then
44:21when large lights indicate that the body is there, but the head
44:25and their hands had been thrown into a well, the well of the synagogue where these Jews
44:32Apparently, they had carried out the tremendous ritual. Well, look, the story goes, or so it goes.
44:38The legend says that this boy's dog, the dog that always accompanied him, was the one who gave the
44:44He was told where the remains of his former companion were. It was a black dog.
44:49that next to the well it began to howl and howl at night until they realized
44:54that right there they had thrown the remains of this child who has become one of the
44:59martyrs most venerated today in Zaragoza. Furthermore, the chronicles recount that the Jew,
45:07Mosé Alba Yucet said that if it was me when they caught him, he said, "It was me, kill me."
45:14It's all the same to me, the dead man's gaze haunts me and sleep has sunk and left my mind
45:20eyes.
45:21It's curious because many historians also think these are legends, that is, that
45:26It was propaganda for the Jewish gathering. It was made in Toledo, and it remains a...
45:30A delicate subject, isn't it? The Holy Child of the Guard, also crucified, we'll talk about him another day.
45:36And there were genuine riots. For many, these were real events; for others, they were a form of
45:40of accusing the Jewish community, which is routinely persecuted in Spain.
45:44Although they would be contrary to the teachings of Judaism, in which it is impossible
45:50performing these kinds of rituals. It is stated in the Torah itself, in the Ten Commandments of the
45:54The Torah says that this cannot be done.
45:56Well, but that Ebro River, where still, as we saw in the report of
46:01Paco Pérez Caballero, there are police officers who believe the myth of that well that swallows everything,
46:06which is still really happening. Well, there are stories, for example, even of heads,
46:10of the heads of other mystical people who also appeared in the vicinity
46:14from that place.
46:15Yes, not only mystical heads, but also other things that did appear and continue to appear from time to time.
46:20when there are many religious figures, both virgins and Christs, that have been
46:25found there. Even bells, like the one from Beleya, which has been found, they say
46:30that floating on the waters of the Ebro and that later that bell was taken to what is the
46:36church tower and when something bad was going to happen, when there was going to be a tragic event
46:41Or when a disease like the plague was approaching, that bell would start ringing by itself.
46:47But what they did in the Middle Ages, and that's why people became so afraid of the Ebro, is
46:51that those executed, their heads were thrown into the water. Then many people who were there,
46:58For example, the washerwomen, washing clothes in the Ebro, found that a head
47:02It was passing right in front of them. And that really scared the people who
47:07He had a lot of respect, especially at the San Lázaro Well, Iker, who said that everything
47:11Whatever went into that well never came out again. There are even accounts from the 19th century of a
47:17In the case of a cart pulled by oxen, the oxen begin to pull towards the river to such an extent.
47:25They fall. And they fall into the Well of Saint Lazarus with the farmer who was carrying it right behind them.
47:30which he had just harvested in his orchards. They say that nothing more was ever heard of the oxen,
47:36Neither the cart nor the farmer. Apparently, it's like a chasm, or so they say, that leads towards
47:42the sea and that appears even in Tortosa.
47:44Well, there are many legends like that, many in Spain. The beautiful and sometimes the terrifying.
47:49It is that the river fertilizes cultures, almost no other, like the Ebro, although all the
47:55Major Spanish rivers also have similar stories. None with so much data.
47:59We've seen journalists, police and fire department informants. There were even
48:04a time in the 70s when there were so many accidents that in the Gaceta del Norte, for
48:08For example, thanks to the work of JJ Benítez, a reporter at that time for Heraldo de
48:12In Aragon, there is talk of some firefighters who almost recount it as a kind of adventure.
48:16"Out of this world," they said, "I hit rock bottom." And others didn't believe him.
48:21And not only that, to mitigate the harmful effects of the San Lázaro Well, in 1975 what was
48:28What he does is commission a Virgin, a Virgin of the lead pillar, weighing more than 150 kilos,
48:34which they throw precisely into the Well of Saint Lazarus, so that it stays there and makes that well
48:39May it become something good and not something bad, something that swallows everything that falls into it.
48:46And well, you'll see remains that are still being unearthed from the old lazaretto, of course.
48:53The lazaretto, the lepers, the marked territory, the suicide place. There are dark places.
48:59in each city, a city that we also love very much like Zaragoza, full of stories.
49:05Well, there it is, that well that remains in the collective unconscious of many.
49:10Aragon as an absolutely unknown place, about which many things are still said, some
49:15As you've seen, based entirely on reality. A fascinating story. Now
49:20Let's move on to other things, other images that will surprise you.
49:34And now pay close attention to the fire, to this bonfire; fire always has something attractive about it, doesn't it?
49:39Well, there are some interesting facts surrounding this bonfire that took place in Tomares, in Seville.
49:44Yes, in this town they were making a bonfire in one of the olive groves and filming
49:49The fire. There we have something like an apparition, right? Just to the right of that big one
49:55campfire. But that's not all, Iker, because as the cameraman moves, in
50:00On the left side, if we look at the screen, we'll see a physical person; there he is
50:05He goes next to one of the legendary olive trees and suddenly something appears to be joining in.
50:12Towards the fire, right? Or, if it demands to get up, it goes backwards and disappears.
50:18Land, right? Complete, exactly. Well, we've been given two options, Guillermo León,
50:23who has analyzed this video. Furthermore, we established...
50:25But let's see, let's see, there's something I don't quite understand. It comes out first as
50:28a bluish light appears, then the filming continues and we see something focus on the ground
50:32and sink into the ground. More or less the distance it's traveled from here, which you can probably see.
50:36Something else, of course. They would be two different figures, Iker, the one who comes out of here and disappears in a
50:40at a given moment and the one that seems to emerge from the left margin and seems to join towards the
50:46Flames appear, and then it's like it's swallowed by the earth. But we also see a dog.
50:51Behind it, and if we look at the dog's radiation, it's quite curious. It's the only thing that has
50:56Guillermo León intrigued us, telling us that initially it was an effect
51:00flare, that is, the light emitted by that fire, that bonfire, has struck the lens of the
51:06The camera has created a kind of ghostly figure, hasn't it?
51:11Of course. There it is. But the dog's reaction is what worries us because only there...
51:17The person we are seeing was there, and it appears later in the video that something is wrong.
51:23Of course, the feeling that optics gives with the flames, the bluish glow, the ground, is that
51:29Someone is sinking into the ground. But, of course, it's most likely a flare effect.
51:34A kind of flash effect on the camera itself, caused by the lighting conditions. How curious.
51:39Also, the dog there in the background, as if it were observing the image, right? Wonderful videos.
51:43Of course, each one has a story and a possible analysis for each of us.
51:49What follows is a photograph; we've extracted one, then there will be many more, which
51:54It really is like the walk of the absent child, something like that. Obtained by Adriana in Paterna.
51:59Valencia, they got a big scare. Also obtained after being at the Fallas festival.
52:05Valencia, the legendary Fallas festival, right? There we see them in Paterna, after spending a
52:10A pleasant day in Valencia. We see them taking a photograph, and we see it below.
52:15It's precisely the likeness of a child. A child whose back is the only visible part of his body.
52:20Right? We can even guess that he's wearing an orange polo shirt. There we have this recreated
52:25Hey Iker, that's right. Yes, perfectly. It's just that some things don't quite match up.
52:29Our analysis, because in theory we have it much more comprehensive here. And it would be
52:34Very close to them, right? Perfectly, extremely close. It had to pass right through
52:38right in front of them. They say they don't know who that child is, that they were with their
52:43Son, a child they don't recognize in this photograph they sent us. They don't know who he is.
52:48It's because they claim they were completely alone. We are facing an option that we
52:55We have no other choice. To us, he's a person of flesh and blood. To them, he's something else.
53:00It's inexplicable because this child, whatever he was, wasn't there. Here we find ourselves facing...
53:07The two typical possibilities. The child actually became flesh and blood, which is the most
53:10logically, between the camera lens and them, although they, and this is the strange thing, did not
53:15They remember. And the space, as you can see, is very short. A very curious image. Now let's move on to
53:20So much has happened in these seven days. News from Cuarto Milenio, fascinating.